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Akuter Herzinfarkt und plötzlicher Herztod aus epidemiologischer Sicht

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Die Notfalltherapie bei akutem Myokardinfarkt

Abstract

Study aim: Based on the MONICA-Augsburg myocardial infarction (MI) register 1985-1995, frequencies and time trends of MI morbidity including sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) were discussed in relation to prehospital und inhospital cardiological treatment as well as to patient behavior.

Material and methods: The 25 to 74 year old inhabitants of the Augsburg region form the study population. Data sources of 5,712 SCD were death certificates and questionnaires from the physicians/coroners; data of 4,976 MI patients from 17 regional hospitals were gathered by patient interview and chart review.

Results: During 11 years, a significant decrease of 20% were observed for MI morbidity and mortality per 100,000 male and postmenopausal female population (p < 0.001); the 38% increase of 25–54 year old females were not yet significant. MI risk of men remained 3.3 times higher than in women and the 28-day case fatality was unchanged. Only 2% of 3,987 prehospital cardiac arrests survived 28 days compared to 66% of 6,701 patients without. For hospitalized MI patients, the decreased prehospital delay and the increase in treatment with thrombolytics, beta blockers, antiplatelets, ACE inhibitors, and PTCA was related to a decrease of 28-day case fatality from 12% to 8% (p < 0.03). Gender differences of cardiological treatment in the beginning do not longer exist except coronary angiography.

Conclusions: The decrease of MI morbidity mainly caused by risk factor reduction and the increase of modern cardiological treatment after hospitalization need to complement urgently by a modern emergency care concept to improve the remaining poor prognosis of prehospital complications of an acute heart attack.

Zusammenfassung

Zielstellung: Auf der Grundlage des bevölkerungsbasierten MONICA-Augsburg Herzinfarktregisters 1985-1995 werden Häufigkeit und Trends der Herzinfarktmorbidität inkl. der plötzlichen Herztodesfälle (PHT) vorgestellt und im Zusammenhang mit der prähospitalen und Krankenhausbehandlung sowie dem Patientenverhalten diskutiert.

Material und Methoden: Studienbevölkerung sind die 25–74 j ährigen Einwohner der Stadt Augsburg und der Landkreise Augsburg und Aichach-Friedberg. Datenquellen für die 5.712 PHT (innerhalb von 24 Stunden verstorben) waren die Todesbescheinigungen der 3 regionalen Gesundheitsämter und die Fragebögen der zuletzt behandelnden und/oder Leichenschauärzte; die Daten der 4.976 Mi-Patienten aus 17 regionalen Krankenhäusern basieren auf einem standardisierten Interview und der Krankenaktenauswertung.

Ergebnisse: Im 11 jährigen Beobachtungszeitraum nahmen die Herzinfarktmorbidität und Mortalität je 100 000 Einwohner für Männer und postmenopausale Frauen um ca. 20% ab (p <0,001); die 38%ige Zunahme bei den 25– 54jährigen Frauen war noch nicht signifikant. Die 28-Tage-Letalität unter Einbeziehung der PHT blieb unverändert. Nur 2% der 3.987 prähospitalen Herzstillstände überlebten 28 Tage im Vergleich zu 66% der 6.701 Patienten ohne prähospitalen Herzstillstand. Für die Krankenhauspatienten war die Verkürzung der Prähospitalzeit und der signifikante Behandlungsanstieg mit Thrombolytika, Betabiockern, ASS, ACE-Hemmern sowie Akut-PTCA mit einer Abnahme der 28-Tage-Letalität von 12 auf 8% verbunden (p <0,03). Während die Erkrankungshäufigkeit der Männer weiterhin 3,3 mal höher ist als für Frauen, haben sich anfangs beobachtete Geschlechtsunterschiede in der kardiologischen Versorgung mit Ausnahme der Koronarangiographie ausgeglichen.

Schlußfolgerungen: Die überwiegend durch Risikofaktorenreduktion bedingte Abnahme der Herzinfarkt- morbidität und die Verbesserungen der kardiologischen Krankenhausbehandlung erfordert dringend eine Ergänzung durch ein modernes notfallmedizinisches Versorgungskonzept zur Verbesserung der z.Zt. noch katastrophalen Prognose von prähospitalen Komplikationen.

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Löwel, H., Engel, S., Hörmann, A., Gostomzyk, J., D. Bolte, H., Keil, U. (2000). Akuter Herzinfarkt und plötzlicher Herztod aus epidemiologischer Sicht. In: Arntz, HR., Schuster, HP. (eds) Die Notfalltherapie bei akutem Myokardinfarkt. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57713-0_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57713-0_3

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7985-1247-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57713-0

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