Skip to main content

Hautbefunde

  • Chapter

Zusammenfassung

Die Haut als größtes Organ des Körpers ist bei nahezu 90% der misshandelten Kinder betroffen. Hämatome sind dabei die häufigste klinische Manifestation einer Misshandlung. Für die Beurteilung von Hautbefunden als Indikatoren einer Misshandlung spielen das Verteilungsmuster – Lokalisation –, das Erscheinungsbild – Art – und das Alter des Kindes und der damit verbundene Grad an Mobilität die größte Rolle. Die früher oft zitierte unterschiedliche zeitliche Zuordnung – Mehrzeitigkeit – hat aufgrund der Unzuverlässigkeit der Zuordnung verschiedener Farben zu einem definierten Hämatomalter weitestgehend an Bedeutung verloren. Die gängige Gleichsetzung »multiple Hämatome unterschiedlichen Alters« mit einer Kindesmisshandlung ist aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht (mehr) zulässig. Die Art und die Lokalisation von Hautbefunden lassen dagegen häufiger Rückschlüsse auf die Verursachung zu, insbesondere zur Differenzialdiagnose eines Sturz- oder Schlaggeschehens. Bestimmte Muster, wie Bissverletzungen, sind so charakteristisch, dass allein hieraus der begründete Verdacht auf eine Misshandlung entsteht. Die Verletzungen aus absichtlich beigebrachten thermischen Einwirkungen sind oft schon aufgrund ihrer erheblichen Schmerzhaftigkeit besonders schwerwiegend.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

eBook
USD   24.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   34.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • ABFO (American Board of Forensic Odontology-www.abfo.org) (2015) ABFO Bitemark Methodology Standards and Guidelines. In: Diplomates Reference Manual, S94–104. www.abfo.org/resources/abfo-manual/

    Google Scholar 

  • Abraham J, Plourde B, Vallez L, Stark J, Diller KR (2015) Estimating the time and temperature relationship for causation of deep-partial thickness skin burns. Burns; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2015.06.002

    Google Scholar 

  • Banaschak S, Madea B (2007) Kindesmisshandlung. In: Madea B (Hrsg.) (2007) Praxis Rechtsmedizin, 2. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 265–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilo RAC, Oranje AP, Shwayder T, Hobbs CJ (2013) Cutaneous Manifestations of Child Abuse and their Differential Diagnosis. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinkmann B, Banaschak S (1998) Verbrühungen bei einem Kleinkind. Unfall oder Kindesmißhandlung? Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 146: 1186–1191

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter RE (1999) The prevalence and distribution of bruising in babies. Arch Dis Childhood 80: 363–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter SL, Abshire TC, Anderst JD and the Section on Hematology/Oncology and the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect (2013) Evaluation for bleeding disorders in suspected child abuse. (Clinical Report) Pediatrics; 131: e1314–e1322. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/4/e1314

    Google Scholar 

  • Chester DL, Jose RM, Aldlyami E, King H, Moiemen NS (2006) Non-accidental burns in children – Are we neglecting neglect? Burns 32: 222–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Core Info (April 2015) Systematic Review Bruising. www.core-info.cardiff.ac.uk/reviews/bruising – Abruf 30.09.2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Core Info (März 2015) Systematic Review Burns. www.core-info.cardiff.ac.uk/reviews/burns – Abruf 30.09.2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Core Info (Juni 2015) Systematic Review Bites. www.core-info.cardiff.ac.uk/reviews/bites – Abruf 30.09.2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagen KE, Shalaby-Rana E, Jackson AM (2014) Frequency of skeletal injuries in children with inflicted burns. Pediatr Radiol 45: 396–401

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg AP, Tobin J, Daigneau J, Griffith RT, Reinert SE and Jenny C (2009) Bruising frequency and patterns in children with physical disabilities. Pediatrics 124: 604–609

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper NS, Feldman KW, Sugar NF, Anderst JD, Lindberg DM for the Examining Siblings to Recognize Abuse Investigators (2014) Additional injuries in young infants with concern for abuse and apparently isolated bruises. J Pediatr 165: 383–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones L, Bellis MA, Wood S et al. (2012) Prevalence and risk of violence against children with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet 380 (9845): 899–907

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp AM, Maguire S A, Sibert J, Frost R, Adams C, Mann M (2006) Can we identify abusive bites on children? Arch Dis Child 91: 951

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp AM, Maguire SA, Nuttall D, Collins P, Dunstan F (2014) Bruising in children who are assessed for suspected physical abuse. Arch Dis Child 99: 108–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp AM, Maguire SA, Lumb RC, Harris SM, Mann MK (2014) Contact, cigarette and flame burns in physical abuse: a systematic review. Child Abuse Rev 23: 35–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp AM, Jones S, Lawson Z, Maguire SA (2015) Patterns of burns and scalds in children. Arch Dis Child 99: 316–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp AM, Dunstan F, Nuttall D, Hamilton M, Collins P, Maguire S (2015) Patterns of bruising in preschool children – a longitudinal study. Arch Dis Child 100: 426–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire SA, Mann MK, Sibert J, Kemp A (2005a) Are there patterns of bruising in childhood which are diagnostic or suggestive of abuse? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 90: 182–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire SA, Mann MK, Sibert J, Kemp A (2005b) Can you age bruises accurately in children? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 90: 187–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire SA, Moynihan S, Mann M, Potokar T, Kemp AM (2008) A systematic review of the features that indicate intentional scalds in children. Burns 34: 1072–1081

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire S, Mann M (2013) Systematic reviews of bruising in relation to child abuse – what have we learnt: an overview of review updates. Evid Based Child Health 8:255–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Mimasaka S, Ohtani M, Kuroda N, Tsunenari S (2010) Spectrophotometric evaluation of the age of bruises in children: measuring changes in bruise color as an indicator of child physical abuse. Tohoku J Exp Med 220: 71–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak K, Spencer N, Shenoy M et al. (2006) How useful is the presence of petechiae in distinguishing non-accidental from accidental injury? Child Abuse Negl 30: 549–555

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce MC, Kaczor K, Aldridge S, O’Flynn J, Lorenz DJ (2010) Bruising characteristics discriminating physical child abuse from accidental trauma. Pediatrics 125: 67–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultes A, Lackner K, Rothschild MA (2007) »Scalping«. Mögliches Phänomen der Kindesmisshandlung. Rechtsmedizin 17:318–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugar NF, Taylor J, Feldman K (1999) Bruises in infants and toddlers: Those who don’t cruise rarely bruise. The Puget Sound Pediatric Research Network. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 153: 399–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Sperhake J, Gehl A (2001) Cao Gio – Kindesmisshandlung oder Heilbehandlung? Rechtsmedizin 11: 101–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Titus MO, Baxter AL and Starling SP (2003) Accidental scald burns in sinks. Pediatrics 111: e191–e194

    Google Scholar 

  • Wibbenmeyer L, Liao J, Heard J et al. (2014) Factors related to child maltreatment in children presenting with burn injuries. J Burn Care Res 35: 374–381

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Herrmann, B., Dettmeyer, R., Banaschak, S., Thyen, U. (2016). Hautbefunde. In: Kindesmisshandlung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48844-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48844-7_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-48843-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-48844-7

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics