Abstract
While biomedicine has successfully created and hoarded a body of technical knowledge to call its own, its knowledge and practices draw upon a background of tacit understandings that extend far beyond medical boundaries. The biological reductionism by which modern medicine is frequently characterized is more theoretical than actual; in its effects, biomedicine speaks beyond its explicit reductionist reference through the implicit ways it teaches us to interpret ourselves, our world, and the rela-tionships between humans, nature, self, and society. It draws upon and projects cosmology (ways of ordering the world), ontology (assumptions about reality and being), epistemology (assumptions about knowledge and truth), understandings of personhood, society, morality, and religion (what is sacred and profane). Although biomedicine both constitutes and is constituted by society, this interdependency is nevertheless denied by biomedical theory and ideology which claim neutrality and universality.
“To return to things themselves is to return to that world which precedes knowledge, of which knowledge always speaks…” (Merleau-Ponty 1962:ix).
“… I believe that a deeper examination must show that the struggle between rival approaches in the science of man… is no mere question of the relative efficacy of different methodologies, but is rather one facet of a clash of moral and spiritual outlooks. And I believe that we can only make even the first halting steps towards resolving it if we can give explicit recognition to this fact” (Charles Taylor 1985a:114).
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Gordon, D.R. (1988). Tenacious Assumptions in Western Medicine. In: Lock, M., Gordon, D. (eds) Biomedicine Examined. Culture, Illness and Healing, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2725-4_3
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