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Hydrogen Sulfide: A Toxic Gas Produced by Dissimilatory Sulfate and Sulfur Reduction and Consumed by Microbial Oxidation

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The Metal-Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment

Part of the book series: Metal Ions in Life Sciences ((MILS,volume 14))

Abstract

Sulfur is an essential element for the synthesis of cysteine, methionine, and other organo-sulfur compounds needed by living organisms. Additionally, some prokaryotes are capable of exploiting oxidation or reduction of inorganic sulfur compounds to energize cellular growth. Several anaerobic genera of Bacteria and Archaea produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a result of using sulfate (SO 2 −4 ), elemental sulfur (S0), thiosulfate (S2O 2 −3 ), and tetrathionate (S4O 2 −6 ) as terminal electron acceptors. Some phototrophic and aerobic sulfur bacteria are capable of using electrons from oxidation of sulfide to support chemolithotrophic growth. For the most part, biosulfur reduction or oxidation requires unique enzymatic activities with metal cofactors participating in electron transfer. This review provides an examination of cytochromes, iron-sulfur proteins, and sirohemes participating in electron movement in diverse groups of sulfate-reducing, sulfur-reducing, and sulfide-oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea.

Please cite as: Met. Ions Life Sci. 14 (2014) 237–277

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Acknowledgments

Sequence data were produced by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute http://www.jgi.doe.gov/ in collaboration with the user community.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSCO3 2020, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Larry L. Barton

  2. Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie (MIO), Aix-Marseille Université, USTV, UMR CNRS 7294/IRD 235, Campus de Luminy, Case 901, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France

    Marie-Laure Fardeau & Guy D. Fauque

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  3. Guy D. Fauque
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Correspondence to Guy D. Fauque .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Univ. Konstanz Fachbereich Biologie, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Peter M.H. Kroneck

  2. Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma de México, Departamento de Química Inorganica y Nuclear, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico

    Martha E. Sosa Torres

Abbreviations and Definitions

Abbreviations and Definitions

A. :

Acidianus

acetyl-CoA:

acetyl-coenzyme A

ADP:

adenosine 5′-diphosphate

Alc. :

Allochromatium

AMP:

adenosine 5′-monophosphate

APS:

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

APSR:

adenylylsulfate reductase

Ar. :

Archaeoglobus

aSiR:

assimilatory-type sulfite reductase

asr:

anaerobic sulfite reduction

ATP:

adenosine 5'-triphosphate

ATPS:

ATP sulfurylase

CSB:

colorless sulfur bacteria

D. :

Desulfovibrio

Dba. :

Desulfobacter

Dbu. :

Desulfobulbus

DMSO:

dimethylsulfoxide

Drm. :

Desulfuromonas

Dsm. :

Desulfomicrobium

dSiR:

dissimilatory sulfite reductase

Dst. :

Desulfotomaculum

D. vulgaris H:

Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough

ΔG 0' :

standard free energy change

E. :

Escherichia

E0' :

standard reduction potential

EPR:

electron paramagnetic resonance

EXAFS:

extended X-ray absorption fine structure

FAD:

flavin adenine dinucleotide

GSB:

green sulfur bacteria

MBX:

membrane-bound oxidoreductase complex

MGD:

molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

MK:

menaquinone

Ms. :

Methanosarcina

NAD:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADH:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced

NADPH:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced

NSR:

coenzyme A-dependent NADPH sulfur oxidoreductase

P. :

Pyrococcus

Pc.:

Paracoccus

Pi :

inorganic phosphate

PNSB:

purple non-sulfur bacteria

PPi :

inorganic pyrophosphate

PSB:

purple sulfur bacteria

PSR:

polysulfide reductase

Py :

Pyrodictium

Pyb. :

Pyrobaculum

S. :

Sulfurospirillum

Sal. :

Salmonella

SOB:

sulfide-oxidizing bacteria

SOR:

sulfur oxygenase reductase

SQR:

sulfide:quinone reductase

SR:

sulfur reductase

SRB:

sulfate-reducing bacteria

SRP:

sulfate-reducing prokaryotes

T. :

Thermodesulfobacterium

W. :

Wolinella

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Barton, L.L., Fardeau, ML., Fauque, G.D. (2014). Hydrogen Sulfide: A Toxic Gas Produced by Dissimilatory Sulfate and Sulfur Reduction and Consumed by Microbial Oxidation. In: Kroneck, P., Torres, M. (eds) The Metal-Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment. Metal Ions in Life Sciences, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9269-1_10

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