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Runx Family Genes in Tissue Stem Cell Dynamics

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Book cover RUNX Proteins in Development and Cancer

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 962))

Abstract

The Runx family genes play important roles in development and cancer, largely via their regulation of tissue stem cell behavior. Their involvement in two organs, blood and skin, is well documented. This review summarizes currently known Runx functions in the stem cells of these tissues. The fundamental core mechanism(s) mediated by Runx proteins has been sought; however, it appears that there does not exist one single common machinery that governs both tissue stem cells. Instead, Runx family genes employ multiple spatiotemporal mechanisms in regulating individual tissue stem cell populations. Such specific Runx requirements have been unveiled by a series of cell type-, developmental stage- or age-specific gene targeting studies in mice. Observations from these experiments revealed that the regulation of stem cells by Runx family genes turned out to be far more complex than previously thought. For instance, although it has been reported that Runx1 is required for the endothelial-to-hematopoietic cell transition (EHT) but not thereafter, recent studies clearly demonstrated that Runx1 is also needed during the period subsequent to EHT, namely at perinatal stage. In addition, Runx1 ablation in the embryonic skin mesenchyme eventually leads to complete loss of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in the adult epithelium, suggesting that Runx1 facilitates the specification of skin epithelial stem cells in a cell extrinsic manner. Further in-depth investigation into how Runx family genes are involved in stem cell regulation is warranted.

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Acknowledgements

We thank members of MD2 Vivarium, NUS, for mouse husbandry. We thank Tumbar T., Nishimura E. and Speck NA for their careful and critical reading of our manuscript. This work was supported by National Medical Research Council, Biomedical Research Council, A*STAR (Agency of Science, Technology and Research), the National Research Foundation Singapore, the Singapore Ministry of Education under its Research Centres of Excellence initiative, and JSPS Kakenhi Grant Numbers JP15H04312 and JP16K14613, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Chelsia Qiuxia Wang, Michelle Meng Huang Mok & Motomi Osato

  2. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore

    Chelsia Qiuxia Wang & Vinay Tergaonkar

  3. International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan

    Tomomasa Yokomizo & Motomi Osato

  4. Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore

    Motomi Osato

  5. Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Motomi Osato

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  1. Chelsia Qiuxia Wang
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  2. Michelle Meng Huang Mok
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  3. Tomomasa Yokomizo
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  4. Vinay Tergaonkar
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  5. Motomi Osato
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Correspondence to Motomi Osato .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

    Yoram Groner

  2. Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Yoshiaki Ito

  3. Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Paul Liu

  4. Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

    James C. Neil

  5. Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Nancy A. Speck

  6. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Andre van Wijnen

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Wang, C.Q., Mok, M.M.H., Yokomizo, T., Tergaonkar, V., Osato, M. (2017). Runx Family Genes in Tissue Stem Cell Dynamics. In: Groner, Y., Ito, Y., Liu, P., Neil, J., Speck, N., van Wijnen, A. (eds) RUNX Proteins in Development and Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 962. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_9

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