A survival analysis was conducted among a sample of 463 men and 212 women with histologically confirmed lung cancer. Interview information from these patients was obtained from two population-based case-control studies of lung cancer conducted on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, between 1979 and 1985. The interview consisted of a complete tobacco history, and other demographic and lifestyle information. Records from the Hawaii Tumor Registry were reviewed for data on stage, histology, and follow-up status of these patients. Height, weight in early adulthood, and weight five years prior to diagnosis were inversely related to survival among women, after adjustment for age at diagnosis, stage, histology, ethnicity, and smoking status. No relationship of these variables to survival was found among men. The association of body size and the relative risk of death among women was strongest for patients with small cell cancer, although the association was not restricted to this cell type. The covariate-adjusted median survival times for female never-smokers below the 50th percentile of weight in early- and late-adulthood was at least twice as long as that for any other group (46 cf 17–23 months). There was no evidence for an interaction between weight in early adulthood and weight five years prior to diagnosis on the risk of death among women. Stage at diagnosis and education did not modify the association of the anthropometric variables and survival. These data suggest that weight and height may be associated with prognosis for women with lung cancer.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albanes D. Caloric intake, body weight, and cancer: a review. Nutr Cancer 1987; 10: 199–217.
Albanes D, Jones DY, Schatzkin A, Micozzi MS, Taylor PR. Adult stature and risk of cancer. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 1658–62.
Lew EA, Garfinkel L. Variation in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J Chron Dis 1979; 32: 563–76.
Lee J, Kolonel LN. Body height and lung cancer risk [Letter]. Lancet 1983; i: 977.
Nomura A, Heilbrun LK, Stemmermann GN. Body height and lung cancer risk [Letter]. Lancet 1983; i: 1162.
Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Earle ME, Mi M-P. Body size at different periods of life and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 128: 137–52.
Snowdon DA, Phillips RL, Choi W. Diet, obesity, and risk of fatal prostate cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 120: 244–50.
Fraumeni JFJr. Stature and malignant tumors of bone in childhood and adolescence. Cancer 1967; 20: 967–73.
Weindruch JR, Walford RL. Dietary restriction in mice beginning at one year of age: effect on life span and spontaneous cancer incidence. Science 1982; 215: 1415–8.
Goodman MT, Kolonel LN, Wilkens LR, Yoshizawa CN, Le Marchand L. Smoking history and survival among lung cancer patients. Cancer Causes Control 1990; 2: 155–63.
Albanes D, Jones DY, Micozzi MS, Mattson ME. Associations between smoking and body weight in the US population: analysis of NHANES II. Am J Pub Health 1987; 77: 439–44.
Wack JT, Rodin J. Smoking and its effects on body weight and the systems of caloric regulation. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35: 366–80.
Hinds MW, Kolonel LN, Hankin JH, Lee J. Dietary vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C, and risk of lung cancer in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 199: 227–37.
Goodman MT, Kolonel LN, Yoshizawa CN, Hankin JH. The effect of dietary cholesterol and fat on the risk of lung cancer in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 128: 1241–55.
Young JL Jr, Percy CL, Asire AJ, eds. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results: Incidence and Mortality Data: 1973–77. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1981; 57: 1–1082.
Lee ET. Statistical Methods in Survival Data. Belmont, CA: Lifetime Learning Publications, 1980; 298–337.
Nomura A, Heilbrun LK, Stemmerman GN. Body mass index as a predictor of cancer in men. JNCI 1985; 74: 319–23.
Garn SM, Hawthorne VM, Pilkington JJ, Pesick SD. Fatness and mortality in the west of Scotland. Am Clin Nutr 1983; 38: 313–9.
Garrison RJ, Feinleib M, Castelli WP, McNamara PM. Cigarette smoking as a confounder of the relationship between relative weight and long-term mortality: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 1983; 249: 2199–203.
Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. Body weight and longevity: A reassessment. JAMA 1987; 257: 353–8.
Chandra RK. Immune response in overnutrition. Cancer Res 1981; 41: 3795–6.
Revicki DA, Israel RG. Relationship between body mass indices and measures of body adiposity. Am J Pub Health 1986; 76: 992–4.
Micozzi MS, Albanes D, Jones DY, Chumlea WC. Correlations of body mass indices with weight, statute, and body composition in men and women in the NHANES I and II. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 44: 725–31.
Willett W. Nutritional Epidemiology. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1990; 235.
Herrmann N. Retrospective information from questionnaires. I. Comparability of primary respondents and their next-of-kin. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 937–47.
Kolonel LN, Hirohata T, Nomura AMY. Adequacy of survey information collected from substitute respondents. Am J Epidemiol 1977; 106: 476–84.
Stewart AW, Jackson RT, Ford MA, Beaglehole R. Under-estimation of relative weight by use of self-reported height and weight. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 125: 122–6.
Miller WC, Lindeman AK, Wallace J, Niederpruem M. Diet composition, energy intake, and exercise in relation to body fat in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 52: 426–30.
Albanes D. Potential for confounding of physical activity risk assessment by body weight and fatness. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 125: 745–6.
Albanes D, Blair A, Taylor PR. Physical activity and risk of cancer in the NHANES I population. Am J Pub Health 1989; 79: 744–50.
Hinds MW, Yang H-Y, Stemmermann G, Lee J, Kolonel LN. Smoking history and lung cancer survival in women. JNCI 1982; 68: 395–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service grants P01-CA-33619 and R01-CA-26515, and contract N01-CN-55424 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goodman, M.T., Wilkens, L.R. Relation of body size to prognosis in lung cancer patients. Cancer Causes Control 2, 183–192 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056212
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056212