Summary
Radioactive amino acids were injected into restricted regions of the globus pallidus of rhesus macaques to allow identification of the organization and courses of efferent pallidal projections. The previously identified projection of the internal pallidal segment (GPi) to ventral thalamic nuclei showed a topographic organization, with the predominant projection from ventral GPi being to medial and caudal ventralis anterior (VA) and lateralis (VL) and from dorsal GPi to lateral and rostral VA and VL. Pallidal efferent fibers also extended caudally and dorsally into pars caudalis of VL, but they spared the portion of pars oralis of VL shown by others to receive input from the cerebellum. In addition to centromedian labeling in all animals, the parafascicular nucleus was also labeled when isotope was injected into dorsal GPi. The medial route from GPi to the midbrain tegmentum was more substantial than has been shown before, and along this route there was an indication that some fibers terminated in the prerubral region. The projection to the pedunculopontine nucleus was extensive, and fibers continued caudally into the parabrachial nuclei.
Pallidal projections to the thalamus seem to be topographically organized but spare thalamic regions that interact with area 4. Caudally directed efferent fibers follow multiple routes and extend more caudally than to the pedunculopontine nuclei.
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Abbreviations
- Cd:
-
caudate nucleus
- CM:
-
centromedian nucleus
- CT:
-
central tegmental tract
- DPCS:
-
decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
- F:
-
fornix
- FLM:
-
medial longitudinal fasciculus
- GPe:
-
globus pallidus, pars externa
- GPi:
-
globus pallidus, pars interna
- HbL:
-
lateral habenular nucleus
- HbM:
-
medial habenular nucleus
- Is:
-
interstitial nucleus
- LM:
-
medial lemniscus
- MD:
-
dorsomedial nucleus
- PbL:
-
lateral parabrachial nucleus
- PbM:
-
medial parabrachial nucleus
- PCS:
-
superior cerebellar peduncle
- Pf:
-
parafascicular nucleus
- PPN:
-
pedunculopontine nucleus
- Put:
-
putamen
- R:
-
reticular nucleus
- Rmg:
-
red nucleus, pars magnocellularis
- Rpc:
-
red nucleus, pars parvocellularis
- S:
-
stria medullaris
- SI:
-
substantia innominata
- SNc:
-
substantia nigra, pars compacta
- SNr:
-
substantia nigra, pars reticulata
- St:
-
subthalamic nucleus
- ST:
-
stria terminalis
- THI:
-
habenulointerpeduncular tract
- TM:
-
tuberomamillary nucleus
- TMT:
-
mamillothalamic tract
- VA:
-
nucleus ventralis anterior
- VAmg:
-
nucleus ventralis anterior, pars magnocellularis
- VAp:
-
nucleus ventralis anterior, pars principalis
- VI:
-
nucleus ventralis intermedius
- VLc:
-
nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars caudalis
- VLm:
-
nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars medialis
- VLo:
-
nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars oralis
- VPL:
-
nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis
- X:
-
area X
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Supported by National Institutes of Health, grant RR00166, Rehabilitation Services Administration, grant 16-P-56818, and PHS grant NS10804
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DeVito, J.L., Anderson, M.E. An autoradiographic study of efferent connections of the globus pallidus in Macaca mulatta . Exp Brain Res 46, 107–117 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00238104
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00238104