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Syndromes of compression of the median nerve in the proximal forearm (pronator teres syndrome; anterior interosseous nerve syndrome)

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Summary

Entrapment of the median nerve in the proximal forearm is seen in two forms: the pronator teres syndrome, and the anterior interosseous nerve (or Kiloh-Nevin) syndrome. Both syndromes are rare, and they comprised approximately 1% of the compression syndromes of the upper limb which were treated operatively by the authors. The symptoms, signs, etiologies, and intraoperative findings are discussed. It is pointed out that certain of the clinical features may resemble those of irritation of the median nerve by a supracondylar process or Struthers' ligament. Although both proximal median entrapment syndromes have a favorable prognosis when treated non-operatively, the authors recommend operative treatment in cases in which there is no perceptible improvement following 8 weeks of non-operative treatment, since this is likely to speed and enhance recovery. Nine cases of the pronator teres syndrome (8 treated successfully by operation, 1 failure) and 2 cases of the anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (both fully recovered) are added to the cases reported previously in the literature.

Zusammenfassung

Die Kompressionssyndrome des N. medianus am proximalen Unterarm, d. h. das Pronator-teres-Syndrom und das N.-interosseus-anterior-Syndrom, machen etwa 1% der operativ behandelten Nervenkompressionssyndrome der ganzen oberen Extremität aus. Zu einer dem Karpaltunnelsyndrom ähnlichen Beschwerdesymptomatik kommen, da die Kompression ja höher liegt, Ausfälle medianusversorgter Unterarmmuskeln. Untereinander unterscheiden sich die beiden Syndrome dadurch, daß beim N.-interosseus-anterior-Syndrom sensible Ausfälle im kutanen Versorgungsbereich des N. medianus fehlen, während die Mm. flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus II und pronator quadratus vollständig ausgefallen sein können. Differentialdiagnostisch wird noch auf den Processus supracondylicus humeri und das Strutherssche Band hingewiesen.

Wird in 2 Monaten unter konservativer Therapie keine Besserung erkennbar, so empfehlen die Autoren für beide Syndrome die chirurgische Exploration des N. medianus von der Ellenbeuge aus nach distal, wobei oft als Ursache für die Kompression fibröse Strukturen oder Verlaufsanomalien gefunden und beseitigt werden können, und teilen die eigenen Erfahrungen mit 9 operierten Pronator-teres-Syndromen and 2 N.-interosseus-anterior-Syndromen mit. Von diesen sind 10 Fälle ausgeheilt oder gebessert; einmal brachte die Dekompression keinen Erfolg.

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Nigst, H., Dick, W. Syndromes of compression of the median nerve in the proximal forearm (pronator teres syndrome; anterior interosseous nerve syndrome). Arch. Orth. Traum. Surg. 93, 307–312 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00450231

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