Abstract
A new method of nipple reconstruction called the “inchworm” flap is described. The name comes from the manipulation method used to position the flap for nipple projection. Experience with over 50 patients and including 58 breasts has been reviewed. There was adequate followup for 36 breasts in which overall maintenance of projection was 78% for this technique. When used after submuscular expansion for breast reconstruction, maintenance of projection reached 89%. The technique of flap manipulation is described in detail. This flap appears to be a reliable method for obtaining moderate nipple projection, particularly in the submuscular expansion breast reconstruction cases. It is not recommended for use in TRAM flap cases.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brent B, Bostwick J III: Nipple-areola reconstruction with auricular tissues. Plast Reconstr Surg 60:353, 1977
Cronin TD, Upton J, McDonough JM: Reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 59:l, 1977
Gruber RP: Nipple-areola reconstruction: A review of techniques. Clin Plast Surg 6:71, 1979
Klatsky SA, Manson PN: Toe pulp free grafts in nipple reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 68:245, 1981
Little JW III, Munasia T, McColloch DT: One-stage reconstruction of a projecting nipple: The quadripod flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 71:126, 1983
Millard DR: Nipple and areola reconstruction by splitskin graft from the normal side. Plast Reconstr Surg 50:350, 1972
Wexler MR, Oneal RM: Areola sharing to reconstruct the absent nipple. Plast Reconstr Surg 51:176, 1973
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Puckett, C.L., Concannon, M.J., Croll, G.H. et al. Nipple reconstruction using the “inchworm” flap. Aesth. Plast. Surg. 16, 117–122 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00450602
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00450602