Summary
An antiserum to growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) 1-44 was applied on brain and pituitary sections of nine teleost species. Immunoreactive (ir) perikarya were demonstrated in parvo- and magnocellular portions of the preoptic nucleus (PON) and occasionally in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. The two tracts originating in the PON ran ventro-laterally toward the optic chiasm and then caudally in the basal hypothalamus. In the pars distalis (PD) of the eel, carp, goldfish and salmonids, GRF-ir fibers did not enter the rostral PD and few fibers passed close to somatotropes. In.Myoxocephalus andMugil, a variable number of ir-fibers passed close to cells of the rostral and proximal PD. In the neurointermediate lobe, GRF-ir fibers were located exclusively in the neural tissue of the eel and trout. In goldfish, carp andMyoxocephalus, GRF-ir fibers entered the intermediate lobe. This antiserum also labeled corticotrops and, to a lesser extent, melanotrops in the pituitary of cyprinids. A variable number of perikarya contained both GRF and vasotocin in the PON of the eel. In all teleost species studied so far, the distribution patterns of GRF are different, and the function of the various adenohypophysial cell types appears to be differently modulated, according to the variable distribution of GRF in the pituitary.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackland JF, Wu P, Bruhn TO, Jackson IMD (1989) Partial purification and characterization of a novel growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) from teleost brain related to the rat hypothalamic peptide. Peptides 10:15–19
Beauvillain JC, Tramu G, Mazzuca M (1987) Ultrastructural demonstration of nerve endings containing a substance related to growth hormone-releasing factor in the guinea-pig paraventricular nucleus. Cell Tissue Res 248:223–226
Bolton JP, Collie NL, Kawauchi H, Hirano T (1987) Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J Endocrinol 112:63–68
Bresson JL, Clavequin MC, Fellmann D, Bugnon C (1984) Ontogeny of the neuroglandular system revealed with hpGRF 44 antibodies in human hypothalamus. Neuroendocrinology 39:68–73
Chang JP, Marchant TA, Cook AF, Nahorniak CS, Peter RE (1985) Influences of catecholamines on growth hormone release in female goldfish,Carassius auratus. Neuroendocrinology 40:463–470
Ciofi P, Croix D, Tramu G (1987) Coexistence of hGHRF and NPY immunoreactivities in neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the rat. Neuroendocrinology 45:425–428
Ciofi P, Croix D, Tramu G (1988) Colocalisation of GHRF and NPY immunoreactivities in neurons of the infundibular area of the human brain. Neuroendocrinology 47:469–472
Cook AF, Peter RE (1983) Effects of hypothalamic lesions on serum growth hormone levels and growth rates in goldfish,Carassius auratus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 51:175–182
Cook AF, Peter RE (1984) The effects of somatostatin on serum growth hormone levels in the goldfishCarassius auratus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 54:109–113
Daikoku S, Kawano H, Noguchi M, Tokuseu M, Chihara K, Saito H, Shibasaki T (1985) Ontogenic appearance of immunoreactive GRF-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus. Cell Tissue Res 242:511–518
Everitt BJ, Meister B, Hökfelt T, Melander T, Terenius L, Rökaeus A, Theodorsson-Norkheim E, Dockray G, Edwardson J, Cuello C, Elde R, Goldstein M, Hemmings H, Ouimet C, Walaas I, Greengard P, Vale W, Weber E, Wu JY, Chang KP (1986) The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus-median eminence complex: immunohistochemistry of transmitters, peptides and DARPP-32 with special reference to coexistence in dopamine neurons. Brain Res Rev 11:97–155
Fellmann D, Bugnon C, Verstegen J, Lavry GN (1986) Coexpression of human growth hormone-releasing factor 1–37 like and α-melanotropin-like immunoreactivities in neurones of the rat lateral dorsal hypothalamus. Neurosci Lett 68:122–126
Frohman LA, Jansson JO (1986) Growth hormone-releasing hormone. Endocrinol Rev 7:223–253
Fryer JN (1981) Hypothalamic lesions stimulating growth hormone cell activity in the goldfish. Cell Tissue Res 214:387–396
Gas N (1975) Influence du jeûne prolongé et de la réalimentation sur les celules somatotropes de l'hypophyse de carpe. J Microsc Biol Cell 23:289–300
Grau EG, Nishioka RS, Young G, Bern HA (1985) Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the pituitary and brain of three teleost fish species: somatostatin as a potential regulator of prolactin cell function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 59:350–357
Guillemin R, Brazeau P, Böhlen P, Esch F, Ling N, Wehrenberg WB (1982) Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused acromegaly. Science 218:585–587
Hall TR, Harvey S, Scanes CG (1986) Control of growth hormone secretion in the vertebrates: a comparative survey. Comp Biochem Physiol 84A:231–254
Ibata Y, Okamura H, Makino S, Kawakami F, Moritomo N, Chihara K (1986) Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of GRF-like immunoreactive neurons and terminals in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and median eminence. Brain Res 370:136–143
Jackson IMD (1986) Phylogenetic distribution and significance of the hypothalamic releasing hormones. Am Zool 26:927–938
Jacobowitz DM, Schulte H, Chrousos GP, Loriaux DL (1983) Localization of GRF-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain. Peptides 4:521–524
Kah O (1983) Aproche morphofonctionnelle des relations hypothalamo-hypophysaires chez les poissons téléostéens. Doct., Université Bordeaux I
Luo D, McKeown BA (1989) Immunological evidence and physiological role of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). XIth Int Symp CompEndocrinol Malaga [Abstract]
Marchant TA, Peter RE (1989) Hypothalamic peptides influencing growth hormone secretion in the goldfish,Carassius auratus. Fish Physiol Biochem 7:133–139
Marchant TA, Fraser RA, Andrews PC, Peter RE (1987) The influence of mammalian and teleost somatostatins on the secretion of growth hormone from goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) pituitary fragments in vitro Regul Pept 17:41–52
Marchant TA, Chang JP, Nahorniak CS, Peter RE (1989a) Evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone also functions as a growth hormone factor in the goldfish. Endocrinology 124:2509–2518
Marchant TA, Dulka JG, Peter RE (1989b) Relationship between serum growth hormone levels and the brain pituitary content of immunoreactive somatostatin in the goldfish,Carassius auratus L. Gen Comp Endocrinol 73:458–468
Marivoet S, Eelen C, Vandesande F (1987) Growth hormone releasing factor (GRF)-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the frog (Rana temporaria) and a possible coexistence with vasotocin (VT). Gen Comp Endocrinol 66:6
Marivoet S, Moons L, Vandesande F (1988) Localization of growth hormone releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of the frog (Rana temporaria) and the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Gen Comp Endocrinol 72:72–79
Mason DY, Abdulaziz Z, Falini B, Stein H (1983) Double immunoenzymatic labelling. In: Pollak JM Van Noorden S (eds) Immunocytochemistry: practical applications in pathology and biology. Wright-PSG, Bristol London Boston, pp 113–128
Meister B, Hökfelt T, Vale WW, Sawchenko PE, Swanson L, Goldstein M (1986) Coexistence of tyrosine hydroxylase and growth hormone-releasing factor in a subpopulation of tuberoinfundibular neurons of the rat. Neuroendocrinology 42:237–247
Merchenthaler I, Thomas CR, Arimura A (1984) Immunocytochemical localization of growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF)-containing structures in the rat brain using anti-rat GHRF serum. Peptides 5:1071–1076
Moons L, Cambré M, Marivoet S, Batten TFC, Vanderhaegen JJ, Ollevier F, Vandesande F (1988) Peptidergic innervation of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH) producing cells in the pars distalis of the seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Gen Comp Endocrinol 72:171–180
Morel G, Mesguich P, Dubois MP, Dubois PM (1984) Ultrastructura evidence for endogenous growth hormone-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the monkey pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinology 38:123–133
Müller EE (1987) Neural control of somatotropic function. Physiol Rev 67:962–1053
Okamura H, Murakami S, Chihara K, Nagatsu I, Ibata Y (1985) Coexistence of growth hormone releasing factor-like and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivities in neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus. Neuroendocrinology 41:177–179
Olivereau M (1970) Stimulation des cellules somatotropes de l'hypophyse de la carpe après un jeûne prolongé. CR Acad Sci 270D:2343–2346
Olivereau M, Ball JN (1966) Histological study of functional ectopic pituitary transplants in a teleost fish (Poecilia formosa). Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 164B:106–129
Olivereau M, Callard GV (1985) Distribution of cell types and aromatase activity in the sculpin (Myoxocephalus) pituitary. Gen Comp Endocrinol 58:280–290
Olivercau M, Olivereau J (1988) Localization of CRF-like immunoreactivity in the brain and pituitary of teleost fish. Peptides 9:13–21
Olivereau M, Chambolle P, Dubourg P (1981) Ultrastructure of prolactin cells in the eel kept in fresh water, deionized water and normal and concentrated sea water. Biol Cell 42:153–166
Olivereau M, Chambolle P, Dubourg P (1983) Ultrastructural changes in the pars intermedia of the goldfish kept in calciumfree environments. Biol Cell 48:53–64
Olivereau M, Ollevier F, Vandesande F, Verdonck W (1984a) Immunocytochemical identification of CRF-like and SRIF-like peptides in the brain and the pituitary of cyprinid fish. Cell Tissue Res 237:379–382
Olivereau M, Ollevier F, Vandesande F, Olivereau J (1984b) Somatostatin in the brain and the pituitary of some teleost fishes. Immunocytochemical identification and the effect of starvation. Cell Tissue Res 238:289–296
Olivereau M, Olvereau JM, Lambert JF (1987) In vivo effect of dopamine antagonists on melanocyte-stimulating hormone cells of the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) pituitary. Gen Comp Endocrinol 68:12–18
Olivereau M, Moons L, Olivereau J, Vandesande F (1988a) Coexistence of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity and vasotocin in perikarya of the preoptic nucleus in the eel. Gen Comp Endocrinol 70:41–48
Olivereau M, Olivereau JM, Lambert JF (1988b) Cytological responses of the pituitary (rostral pars distalis) and immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the goldfish treated with dopamine antagonists. Gen Comp Endocrinol 71:506–515
Pan JX, Lechan R, Lin HD, Reichlin S, Jackson IMD (1984) Human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (hpGRF) in teleost brain and pituitary: multiple molecular forms and two distinct neuronal system, 7th Internat Congr Endocrinol Excerpta Med. Amsterdam, Elsevier
Pan JX, Lechan RM, Lin HD, Jackson IMD (1985a) Immunoreactive neuronal pathway of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) in the brain and pituitary of the teleostGadus morhua. Cell Tissue Res 241:487–493
Pan JX, Lechan RM, Lin HD, Sohn J, Reichlin S, Jackson IMD (1985b) Multiple forms of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in teleost brain and pituitary. Endocrinology 116:1663–1665
Peter RE, Nahorniak CS, Vale WW, Rivier JE (1984) Human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF) stimulates growth hormone release in goldfish. J Exp Zool 231:161–163
Rivier J, Spiess J, Thorner M, Vale W (1982) Characterization of a growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic islet tumour. Nature 300:276–278
Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW, Rivier J, Vale WW (1985) The distribution of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat: an immunohistochemical study using antisera directed against hypothalamic GRF. J Comp Neurol 237:100–115
Spiess J, Rivier J, Vale W (1983) Characterization of rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor. Nature 303:532–535
Tramu G, Beauvillain JC, Pillez A, Mazzuca M (1983) Presence d'une substance immunologiquement apparentée à la somatolibérine extraite d'une tumeur pancréatique humaine (hpGRF) dans des neurones de l'aire hypophysiotrope du cobaye et du rat. CR Acad Sci Paris 297 III:435–440
Werner H, Okon E, Fridkin M, Koch Y (1986) Localization of growth hormone-releasing hormone in the human hypothalamus and pituitary stalk. J Clin Endocrinol 63:47–50
Young G (1988) Enhanced response of the interrenal of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to ACTH after growth hormone treatment in vivo and in vitro. Gen Comp Endocrinol 71:85–92
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Olivereau, M., Olivereau, J. & Vandesande, F. Localization of growth hormone-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of some teleost species. Cell Tissue Res. 259, 73–80 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00571432
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00571432