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A flexible composite as a coating for metallic implants microvascular and histological studies

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Summary

The laboratory technique of microangiography and correlated histology has demonstrated the ingrowth of well vascularized tissue into Proplast, an inert, porous, and flexible composite of Teflon and pyrolytic graphite. After implantation into the long-bones of mature dogs it was invaded by osseous tissue at its margins, thereby achieving fixation to host bone. Centrally within the implant, the Proplast contained only loose fibrous tissue in its pores, and therefore retained its flexibility.

Proplast can be readily and firmly bonded to the surface of metals as a coating. In our experiments, Proplast-coated intramedullary rods produced excellent osseous union of canine ulnae after osteotomy.

Whereas exposed metal in the tissues becomes covered by an unattached fibrous capsule, Proplast does not. A Proplast coating becomes permanently fixed by tissue ingrowth. It also remains slightly flexible, like the periodontal membrane around the root of a tooth.

A partial coating of Proplast on the stems of hipreplacement prostheses will obviate the use of acrylic cement, which we have shown to be deleterious in the subtrochanteric region of the canine femur. A prosthetic stem of special contour is required, to provide immediate metal-to-bone fixation while tissue is growing into the Proplast coating for enduring fixation.

Résumé

Des études microangiographiques et histologiques ont mis en évidence le développement de tissu osseux bien vascularisé au sein du Proplast, substance inerte, poreuse et élastique, fabriquée à base de Teflon et de graphite. Après implantation dans les os longs du chien adulte, la périphérie de cette substance est envahie par du tissu osseux, se fixant ainsi à l'os receveur. Au centre de l'implant, les pores de Proplast sont seulement envahis par du tissu fibreux lâche, ce qui lui conserve une certaine élasticité.

Le Proplast peut servir à recouvrir solidement la surface de métaux. Dans nos expérimentations chez le chien, la consolidation osseuse de cubitus sectionnés fut obtenue à partir de broches intramédullaires recouvertes de Proplast.

A l'inverse du métal implanté dans l'os, le Proplast n'entraîne pas la formation d'une capsule fibreuse réactionnelle. Le tissu osseux qui envahit le revêtement de Proplast reste légèrement flexible, comparable à la membrane périodontale qui entoure la racine d'une dent. Dans le remplacement articulaire, la queue de la prothèse fémorale, recouverte de Proplast, permet de ne plus utiliser le ciment acrylique, dont nous avons démontré l'effet nuisible dans la région sous-trochantérienne du fémur de chien. Une queue prothétique de forme particulière est nécessaire pour assurer une fixation immédiate du métal sur l'os, en attendant que la croissance du tissu osseux envahisse les mailles du Proplast et réalise un scellement définitif.

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Experimental work supported by U.S. Public Health Service Research Grants AM 2579 and AM 19157. I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Charles L. Stewart, research assistant

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Rhinelander, F.W. A flexible composite as a coating for metallic implants microvascular and histological studies. International Orthopaedics 1, 77–86 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00576308

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