Abstract
Population based data on 24-h urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid and creatinine were collected from 220 children (aged 3–16 years) living in Cimitile, Campania, southern Italy. Mean excretion rates for 7 days were correlated with age, body weight, body mass index and height. The prevalence of hypercalciuria (>4 mg/kg body weight) and of hyperoxaluria (>60 mg/day) were 9.1% and 1.8%, respectively. The same 20 children were also identified as hypercalciuric when a calcium/creatinine ratio of greater than 0.15 was considered. No significant differences between boys and girls were found in the urinary excretion of the five constituents implicated in urolithiasis. The study data provide additional childhood reference values for urinary excretion of compounds related to stone formation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Noe HN, Stapleton FB, Jerkins G, Roy S (1983) Clinical experience with pediatric urolithiasis. J Urol 129: 1166–1168
Stapleton FB, Noe HN, Roy S, Jerkins GR (1982) Hypercalciuria in children with urolithiasis. Am J Dis Child 136: 675–678
Stapleton FB, McKay CP, Noe HN (1987) Urolithiasis in children: the role of hypercalciuria. Pediatr Ann 16: 980–992
Royer P (1961) Explorations biologiques du metabolisme calcique chez l'enfant. Helv Paediatr Acta 16: 320–346
DeLuca R, Guzzetta F (1965) L-ipercalciuria idiopatica infantile. Pediatria 75: 613–640
Paunier L, Borgeaud M, Wyss M (1970) Urinary excretion of magnesium and calcium in normal children. Helv Paediatr Acta 25: 577–584
Ghazali S, Barratt TM (1974) Urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium in children. Arch Dis Child 49: 97–101
Moore ES, Coe FL, McMann BJ, Favus MJ (1978) Idiopathic hypercalciuria in children: prevalence and metabolic characteristics. J Pediatr 92: 906–910
Nordin BEC (1959) Assessment of calcium excretion from the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio. Lancet II: 368–370
Pac CYC, Kaplan R, Bone H, Townsend J, Waters O (1975) A simple test for the diagnosis of absorptive resorptive and renal hypercalciurias. N Engl J Med 292: 497–500
Gibbs DA, Watts RWE (1969) The variation of urinary oxalate excretion with age. J Lab Clin Med 73: 901–908
Hockaday TDR, Frederick EW, Clayton JE, Smith LH Jr (1965) Studies on primary hyperoxaluria. II. Urinary oxalate, glycolate, and glycoxylate measurement by isotope dilution methods. J Lab Clin Med 65: 677–684
Stapleton FB, Linshaw MA, Hassanein K, Gruskin AB (1978) Uric acid excretion in normal children. J Pediatr 92: 911–914
Liu K, Dyer AR, Cooper RS, Stamler R, Stamler J (1979) Can overnight urine replace 24 hour urine collection to assess salt intake? Hypertension 1: 529–536
Connery HV, Briggs AR (1966) Determination of serum calcium by means of orthocresolphthalein complexone. Am J Clin Pathol 45: 290–296
Hodgkinson A, Williams A (1972) An improved colorimetric procedure for urine oxalate. Clin Chim Acta 36: 127–132
Bonses RW, Taussky HH (1951) On the colorimetric determination of creatinine by the Jaffe reaction. J Biol Chem 158: 581–591
Drewes PA (1972) Direct colorimetric determination of phosphorus in serum and urine. Clin Chim Acta 39: 81–88
Liddle L, Seegmiller JE, Laster L (1959) Enzymatic spectrophotometric method for determination of uric acid. J Lab Clin Med 54: 903–913
Bulusu A, Hodgkinson A, Nordin BEC, Peacock M (1970) Urinary excretion of calcium and creatinine in relation to age and body weight in normal subjects and patients with renal calculus. Clin Sci 38: 601–612
Cooper R, Soltero I, Liu K, Berkson D, Levinson S, Stamler J (1980) The association between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in children. Circulation 62: 97–104
Cooper R, Liu K, Trevisan M, Miller W, Stamler J (1983) Urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in children: absence of a reproducible association. Hypertension 5: 135–141
Cooper R, LeGrady D, Nanas S, Trevisan NM, Monsour H, Histand P, Ostrow D, Stamler J (1983) Increased sodium-lithium countertransport in college students with elevated blood pressure. JAMA 249: 411–416
Scott PJ, Hurley PJ (1968) Demonstration of individual variation in constancy of 24 hour urine creatinine excretion. Clin Chim Acta 21: 411–416
Daucey MJ, Widdowson EM (1972) Urine excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in hard and soft water areas. Lancet I: 711–714
Cummins RO, Shaper AG, Walker M (1981) Methodological problems with estimation of salt intake. Lancet I: 1373–1374
Pocock CJ, Shaper AG, Cook DG (1980) British regional heart study: geographic variations in cardiovascular mortality and the role of water. BMJ 1: 1243–1249
INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group: INTERSALT (1988) An international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure: results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. BMJ 297: 319–328
Kruse K, Kracht U, Kruse U (1984) Reference values for urinary calcium excretion and screening for hypercalciuria in children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 143: 25–31
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
De Santo, N.G., Di Iorio, B., Capasso, G. et al. Population based data on urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, oxatate, phosphate and uric acid in children from Cimitile (southern Italy). Pediatr Nephrol 6, 149–157 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00866297
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00866297