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Prevalence of antibodies to human herpesviruses and hepatitis B virus in patients at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Prävalenz von Antikörpern gegen humane Herpesviren und Hepatitis-B-Virus bei HIV-Patienten in verschiedenen Krankheitsstadien

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Summary

The results of antibody assays for viruses of the herpes group (HSV, EBV, VZV and CMV) and for hepatitis B virus (HBV) were retrospectively evaluated in 439 HIV-seropositive patients classified into different stages of HIV infection. The prevalence of specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in these groups was compared with that of a control group of HIV-negative unselected hospital patients. Antibodies to herpes viruses and HBV were more prevalent amongst HIV-seropositives, especially LAS and AIDS patients than in controls. However, marked differences were found only with CMV-IgG and anti-HBc-IgG, both with a comparatively low prevalence in HIV-negative persons (64.5% and 23.2%). Significantly more seropositives were found among asymptomatic HIV carriers (83.3% and 50%) and still more in patients with full-blown AIDS (95.4% and 82.5%). The increased frequency of CMV and HBV antibodies, already seen in asymptomatic HIV patients reflects their higher risk for sexually transmitted infections. Moreover, IgA antibodies to CMV were detected in 25.4% of LAS and 37.3% of AIDS patients, respectively, but only in 7.6% of the controls. Elevated CMV-IgA titres were found exclusively in HIV-infected persons. The differences in the antibody patterns found in this cross-sectional study may reflect the progression of the HIV disease. However, prospective follow-up studies are required to assess the value of these markers as indicators of prognosis in HIV-infected subjects.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 439 HIV-positiven Patienten verschiedener Krankheitsstadien wurden retrospektiv die Ergebnisse der Antikörpertests gegen Viren der Herpesgruppe (HSV, EBV, VZV und CMV) und gegen Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV) ausgewertet. Die Prävalenz spezifischer IgG-, IgM- und IgA-Antikörper wurde zwischen den verschiedenen Stadien der HIV-Infektion und mit einem Kontrollkollektiv HIV-negativer Krankhenhauspatienten verglichen. Die Durchseuchung mit Herpesviren und Hepatitis B war insgesamt bei HIV-positiven und insbesondere LAS-und AIDS-Patienten höher als im Kontrollkollektiv. Die größten Unterschiede zeigten sich für das CMV-IgG und das anti-HBc-IgG, beide mit einer vergleichsweise niedrigen Prävalenz bei HIV-negativen Personen (64,5% bzw. 23,2%). Der Anteil CMV und HBV-Seropositiver war deutlich höher in der Gruppe der asymptomatischen HIV-Träger (83,3% bzw. 50%) und noch mehr bei Patienten mit dem Vollbild AIDS (95,4% bzw. 82,5%). Die höhere Prävalenz von CMV- und HBV-Antikörpern bei asymptomatischen HIV- positiven Patienten entspricht ihrem erhöhten Risiko für sexuell übertragene Infektionen. Ferner wurde CMV-IgA bei 25,4% und 37,3% der LAS- bzw. AIDS-Patienten gegenüber nur 7,6% im Kontrollkollektiv nachgewiesen. Hohe CMV-IgA-Titer wurden ausschließlich bei HIV-infizierten Patienten gefunden. Der Vergleich der in dieser Querschnittsstudie gefundenen Antikörperprofile scheint die Progression der HIV-Krankheit widerzuspiegeln. Allerdings sind prospektive Verlaufsuntersuchungen erforderlich um den Wert dieser Marker als Prognosefaktoren sicher zu beurteilen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Med. Virologie, Zentrum der Hygiene, Klinikum der J. W. Goethe-Universität, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 40

    Ruxandra Enzensberger, W. Braun RPh, Ch. July &  H. W. Doerr

  2. Infektiologie, Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Klinikum der J. W. Goethe-Universität, Th.-Stern-Kai 7, W-6000, Frankfurt 70, Germany

    Eilke B. Helm

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  1. Ruxandra Enzensberger
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  2. W. Braun RPh
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  3. Ch. July
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  4. H. W. Doerr
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Dedicated to Prof.G. Maas, Münster, for his sixty-fifth birthday.

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Enzensberger, R., Braun, W., July, C. et al. Prevalence of antibodies to human herpesviruses and hepatitis B virus in patients at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Infection 19, 140–145 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01643233

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