Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an acute exercise bout on rates of skeletal muscle protein turnover in the presence and absence of a sub-maximal dose of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in young and mature animals. Mice (C57BI/6) were sacrificed 12 hours following a low intensity treadmill run (12 m/min @ 8% grade for either 1 or 2.5 hours). Protein synthesis, degradation and net protein degradation were measured in an in vitro isolated soleus muscle preparation in the absence or presence of IGF-1 in control and acutely exercised animals. Protein synthesis rates were lower in mature compared to young animals, but rates of protein degradation were unchanged. In the soleus from the 4 month control mice, protein synthesis increased in response to a submaximal dose of IGF-1 (20nM), but this response was abolished in the 12 month old tissue. Following an acute exercise bout (2.5 hours), protein synthesis increased in the soleus of both age groups, however net protein degradation increased in mature but not young animals. Protein synthesis rates of acutely exercised soleus of mature animals were increased in response to 20nM IGF-1 up to levels seen in the younger animals post-exercise. Results show that rates of protein synthesis decline from adolescence to maturity and protein synthesis is elevated in young and mature animals during the recovery from an exercise bout of long duration. It was also concluded that the ability of IGF-1 to stimulate protein synthesis was abolished in mature muscle, however this response was restored following low intensity aerobic exercise.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lewis, S.E.M., Goldspink, D.F., Phillips, J.G., Merry, B.J., and Holehan, A.M.: The effects of aging and chronic dietary restriction on whole body growth and protein turnover in the rat. Exp. Gerontol., 20: 253–263, 1985.
Mays, P.K., Mcanulty, R.J., and Laurent, G.J.: Age-related changes in rates of protein synthesis and degradation in rat tissues. Mech. Ageing Dev., 59: 229–241, 1991.
Florini, J.R., Harned, J.A., Richman, R.A., and Weiss, J.P.: Effects of rat age on serum levels of growth hormone and somatomedins. Mech. Ageing Dev., 15: 165–176, 1981.
Sonntag, W.E., Hylka, V.W., and Meites, J.: Growth hormone restores protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of old male rats. J. Gerontol., 40: 689–694, 1985.
D’Ercole, A.J., Stiles, A.D., and Underwood, L.E.: Tissue concentration of somatomedin-C: Further evidence for multiple sites of synthesis and paracrine or autocrine mechanisms of action. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 9a35–939, 1984.
Underwood, L.E., D’Ercole, A.J., Clemmons, D.R., and Van Wyk, J.J.: Paracrine functions of somatomedins, in Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism: Paracrine Control, vol. 15, edited by Franchimont, P.W., London, B. Saunders Co., 1986, pp. 50–77.
Sara, V.R., and Hall, K.: Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins. Physiol. Rev., 70: 591–613, 1990.
Pell, J.M., and Bates, P.C.: Differential actions of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 on tissue protein metabolism in dwarf mice. Endocrin., 140: 1942–1950, 1992.
Dardevet, D., Sornet, C., Attaix, D., Baracos, V.E., and Grizard, J.: IGF-1 and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles of adult and old rats. Endocrin., 134(3): 1475–1484, 1994.
Booth, F.W., and Watson, P.A.: Control of adaptations in protein levels in response to exercise. Fed. Proc., 44: 2293–2300, 1985.
Dohm, G.L., Kasperek, G.J., Tapscott, E.B., and Beecher, G.R.: Effect of exercise on synthesis and degradation of muscle protein. Biochem. J., 188: 255–262, 1980.
Davis, T.A., and Karl, I.E.: Response of muscle protein turnover to insulin after acute exercise and training. Biochem. J., 240: 675–657, 1986.
Wenger, H.A., Wilkinson, J.G., Dallaire, J., and Nihei, T.: Uptake of 3H-leucine into different fractions of rat skeletal muscle following acute endurance and sprint exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 47: 83–92, 1981.
Seene, T., Alev, V., and Pehme, A.: Effect ef muscular activity on the turnover rate of actin and myosin heavy and light chains in different types of skeletal muscle. 1. Changes in the turnover rate of myosin and actin during and after single-bout physical activity. Int. J. Sports Med., 7: 287–290, 1986.
Kasperek, G.J., and Snider, R.D.: Total and myofibrillar protein degradation in isolated soleus muscle after exercise. Am. J. Physiol., 257: E1–E5, 1989.
Kasperek, G.J., Conway, G.R., Krayeski, D.S., and Lohne, J.J.: A reexamination of the effect of exercise on rate of muscle protein degradation. Am. J. Physiol., 263: E1144–E1150, 1992.
Henriksen, E.J., Louters, L.L., Stump, C.S., and Tipton, C.M.: Effects of prior exercise on the action of insulin-like growth factor 1 in skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol., 263: E340–E344, 1992.
Jones, B.N., and Gilligan, J.P.: o-Phthaldialdehyde pre-column derivatization and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography of peptide hydrolysates and physiological fluids. J. Chromatog., 266: 471–482, 1983.
Tischler, M.E., Desautels, M., and Goldberg. A.L.: Does leucine, leucyl-tRNA, or some metabolite of leucine regulate protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle? J. Biol. Chem., 257(4): 1613–1621, 1982.
Boreham, C.A.G., Watt, P.W., Williams, P.E., Merry, B.J., Goldspink, G., and Goldspink, D.F.: Effects of ageing and chronic dietary restriction on the morphology of fast and slow muscles of the rat. J. Anat., 157: 111–125, 1988.
Daw, C:K., Starnes, J.W., and White, T.P.: Muscle atrophy and hypoplasia with aging: Impact of training and food restriction. J. Appl. Physiol., 64: 2428–2432, 1988.
Brown, M., Ross, T.P., and Holloszy, J.O.: Effects of aging and exercise on soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of female rats. Mech. Aging Dev., 63: 69–77, 1992.
Sonntag, W.E., Lenham, J.E., and Ingram, R.L.: Effects of aging and dietary restriction on tissue protein synthesis: Relationship to plasma insulin-like growth factor-1. J. Gerontol., 47: B159–B163, 1992.
Garlick, P.J., Maltin, C.A., Baillie, A.G.S., Delday, M.I., and Grubb, D.A.: Fibre-type and composition of nine rat muscles. II. Relationship to protein turnover. Am. J. Physiol., 257: E828–E832, 1989.
Sugden, P.H., and Fuller, S.J.: Regulation of protein turnover in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Biochem. J., 273: 21–37, 1991.
Nie, Z.T., Lisjo, S., Karlson, E., Goertz, G., and Henriksson, J.: In-vitro stimulation of the rat epitrochlearis muscle. I. Contractile activity per se affects myofibrillar protein degradation and amino acid metabolism. Acta Physiol. Scand., 135: 513–521, 1989.
Phillips, L.S., and Unterman, T.G.: Somatomedin activity in disorders of nutrition and metabolism. Clin. Endocrin. Metab., 13: 145–189, 1984.
Dardevet, D., Manin, M., Balage, M., Sornet, C., and Grizard, J.: Influence of low-and high-protein diets on insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 binding to skeletal muscle and liver in the growing rat. Brit. J. Nutr., 65: 47–60, 1991.
Lowe, W.L., Adamo, M., Werner, H., Roberts, C.T., and LeRoith, D.: Regulation by fasting of rat insulin-like growth factor 1 and its receptor: Effects on gene expression and binding. J. Clin. Invest., 84: 619–626, 1989.
Yarsheski, K.E., Zachwieja, J.J., Angelopulos, T.J., and Bier, D.M.: Short-term growth hormone treatment does not increase muscle protein synthesis in expereinced weight lifters. J. Appl, Physiol., 74: 3073–3076, 1993.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Willis, P.E., Parkhouse, W.S. The influence of insulin-like growth factor-1 on protein turnover rates following exercise in young and mature animals. AGE 17, 111–118 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02435818
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02435818