Skip to main content
Log in

The mortality and social prognosis of hip fractures

A prospective multifactorial study

  • Published:
International Orthopaedics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

A prospective 5-year study was carried out of 143 patients with trochanteric fractures treated by Ender nailing. A detailed proforma was used for multifactorial analysis in order to identify the prognostic indicators of social function and quality of life of the patients. Their mean age was 81 years and the female: male ratio 7∶1. The mortality rate 6 months after injury was 23%, and at the end of 5 years 45.5%. The patients surviving the first 6 months had the same life expectancy as the general population. Dementia, associated disease, medical complications, total dependency and age were the most significant predictors of mortality. These factors, with pressure sores and poor rehabilitation, were also significant in determining the prognosis of social function. Deterioration of health status was seen in 36% during the first 6 months after injury and 40% showed deterioration of their social condition within this period. Later, most survivors recovered and were restored to their previous state. Postoperative geriatric care is essential to achieve this aim.

Résumé

L'auteur présente une étude prospective, s'étendant sur 5 ans, et portant sur 143 patients atteints de fractures trochantériennes traitées par ostéosynthèse par clous de Ender. Un dossier détaillé a été utilisé en vue d'une analyse multifactorielle pour préciser le pronostic vital et fonctionnel. L'âge moyen du groupe était de 81 ans, avec des extrêmes de 60 à 100 ans, et le rapport femme/homme était de 7/1. Le taux de mortalité s'élevait à 23% six mois après la fracture et à 45.5% après 5 ans. Les patients survivant les six premiers mois ne présentaient pas un taux de mortalité excessif pendant la période d'observation et ils avaient la même espérance de vie que la population générale. La démence, les maladies associées, les complications médicales, la dépendance totale du patient et l'âge étaient les signes prédictifs les plus fiables de la mortalité. Une aggravation de l'état de santé a été observée chez 36% des patients survivants au cours des six premiers mois suivant l'accident. Les maladies associées, la démence, les escarres et un programme de rééducation insuffisant étaient les facteurs les plus significatifs du pronostic fonctionnel. Durant les six premiers mois suivant la fracture, 40% des patients survivants présentaient une détérioration de leur vie sociale. L'aggravation de l'état de santé et de l'état fonctionnel a cependant été limitée à cette période aiguë, suivant l'accident; ensuite la plupart des patients survivants ont pu recouvrer leurs conditions préalables. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance des soins gériatriques post-opératoires pour prévenir les conséquences défavorables de la fracture et ramener le patient à son état antérieur.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bauer GC, Hannson LI, Lidgren L et al (1985) Comprehensive care of hip fractures. Scientific Exhibit, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Las Vegas, Nevada, Jan 24–29

    Google Scholar 

  2. Borgquist L, Ceder L, Thorngren KG (1990) Function and social status 10 years after hip fracture. Prospective follow-up of 103 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 61: 404–410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Borgquist L, Nordell E, Jarnlo GB et al (1990) Hip fractures in primary health care. Evaluation of a rehabilitation programme. Scand J Prim Health Care 8: 139–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bredahl C, Nyholm B, Hindsholm KB et al (1992) Mortality after hip fracture: results of operation within 12 h of admission. Injury 23: 83–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Broos PL, Van Haaften KI, Stappaerts KH et al (1989) Hip fractures in the elderly. Mortality, functional results and social readaptation. Int Surg 74: 191–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ceder L, Ekelund L, Inerot S et al (1979) Rehabilitation after hip fracture in the elderly. Acta Orthop Scand 50: 681–688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ceder L (1980) Hip fracture in the elderly. Prognosis and rehabilitation. Thesis Stundenlitteratur, Lund

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cobey JC, Cobey JH, Conant L et al (1976) Indicators of recovery from fractures of the hip. Clin Orthop Rel Res 117: 258–263

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dahl E (1980) Mortality and life expectancy after hip fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 51: 163–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Davis TR, Sher JL, Porter BB et al (1988) The timing of surgery of intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Injury 19: 244–249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Dolk T (1990) Operation in hip fracture patients; analysis of the time factor Injury 21: 369–372

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Dujardin C, Redreau B, Barsotti j (1980) Contexte médical et social actuel du pronostic des fractures du col du fémur. Chirurgie 106: 534–539

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Evans JG, Prudham D, Waldless I (1979) A prospective study of fractured proximal femur: incidence and outcome. Public Health 93: 235–241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fitts WT, Lehr HB, Schor S, et al (1959) Life expectancy after fracture of the hip. Surg Gynec Obstet 108: 7–12

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gallagher JC, Melton LJ, Riggs BL et al (1980) Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal femur in Rochester, Minnesota. Clin Orthop Rel Res 150: 163–171

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gordon PC (1971) The probability of death following fracture of a hip. Can Med Assoc J 105: 47–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ions GK, Stevens J (1987) Prediction of survival in patients with femoral neck fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 69: 384–387

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kenzora JE, McCarthy RE, Lowell JD et al (1984) Hip fracture mortality. Relation to age, treatment, preoperative illness, time of surgery and complications. Clin Orthop Rel Res 186: 45–51

    Google Scholar 

  19. Laburthe-Tolra Y (1982) La mortalité dans les fractures de l'extrémité supérieure du fémur. Chirurgie 108: 243–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lehner JT, Sexson SB (1987) Factors affecting hip fracture mortality. Orthop Trans 11: 498

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lorhan PH, Shelby EA (1964) Factors influencing mortality in hip fractures. Am J Surg 108: 645–649

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. McGoey PF, Evans J (1966) Fractures of the hip: immediate vs. delayed treatment. Can Med Assoc J 83: 260–265

    Google Scholar 

  23. Miller CW (1978) Survival and ambulation following hip fracture. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 60: 930–936

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mullen JO (1985) Mortality in hip fractures: relationship to mental status and hospital confusion. Orthop Trans 9: 418

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mullen JO (1987) Death in hip fractures: a prospective approach to its prediction and minimization. Orthop Trans 11: 497

    Google Scholar 

  26. Mullen JO, Mullen NL (1992) Hip fracture mortality. A prospective, multifactorial study to predict and minimize death risk. Clin Orthop Rel Res 280: 214–222

    Google Scholar 

  27. Myers AH, Robinson EG, Van Natta ML et al (1991) Hip fractures among the elderly: factors associated with inhospital mortality Am J Epidemiol 134: 1128–1137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ochs M (1990) Surgical management of the hip in the elderly patient. Clin Geriatr Med 6: 571–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Schenk WG, Smith RG, Stephens JG (1956) The fractured hip- a major surgical and sociologic problem. Am J Surg 91: 618–620

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Steen Jensen J, Tondevold E, Hove Sorensen P (1979) Social rehabilitation following hip fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 50: 777–785

    Google Scholar 

  31. Steen Jensen J, Baggar J (1982) Long-term social prognosis after hip fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 53: 97–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Thomas TG, Stevens RS (1974) Social effects of fractures of neck of the femur. Br Med J 3: 456–458

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. White BL, Fisher WD, Laurin CA (1987) Rate of mortality for elderly patients after fracture of the hip in the 1980's. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 69: 1335–1339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wood DJ, Ions GK, Quinsby JM et al (1992) Factors which influence mortality after subcapital hip fracture. J Bone and Joint Surg [Br] 74: 199–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pitto, R.P. The mortality and social prognosis of hip fractures. International Orthopaedics 18, 109–113 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02484420

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02484420

Keywords

Navigation