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Haemodynamic and ventilatory changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly ASA III patients

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Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the haemodynamic and respiratory changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly ASA III patients.

Methods

This clinical descriptive study included 16 patients aged > 75 yr. Anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl and etomidate and maintained with N2O in O2 (50%), fentanyl and isoflurane as needed. Inspired minute volume was kept constant during anaesthesia. Cardiovascular monitoring included a radial artery catheter and a pulmonary artery catheter for measurement of CO, RVEF and S−vO2, and calculation of right ventricular end diastolic volume indexed (RVEDVI). Haemodynamic variables, arterial and venous blood gas analyses were collected before and 10 min after anaesthetic induction, 15, 30 and 60 min after insufflation (IAP = 12 mmHg) followed by a 10° headup till, and after exsufflation.

Results

The mean age was 81 ± 4 yr. The main cardiovascular depression was recorded after anaesthetic induction. Peritoneal insufflation resulted in improvement of cardiovas-cular function with increases in cardiac index (+19%), heart rate (+21%), MAP (+19%) and S−vO2 (+8%), (P < 0.05) which may be the result of a sympathetic stimulation. No change in preload (RVEDVI) and SVR was recorded. Cardiac index was unchanged during pneumoperitoneum. Laparoscopy was associated with an increase in PaCO2 15 min after CO2 insufflation (from 33.9 to 38.3 mmHg, P < 0.05) and a further elevation after 60 min (44,4 mmHg) without any sign of extra peritoneal diffusion. There was no change in the intrapulmonary shunt and the Pa-EtCO2 gradient remained stable (mean 7.2 mmHg).

Conclusion

We conclude that gradual abdominal insufflation to 12 mmHg followed by a limited 10° headup tilt is associated with cardiovascular stability in elderly ASA III patients.

Résumé

Objectif

Évaluer les altérations hémodynamiques et respiratoires survenant chez des patients âgés de classe ASA III pendant la chirurgie laparoscopique.

Méthodes

Cette étude descriptive incluait 16 patients âgés de plus de 75 ans. L’anesthésie était induite avec du fentanyl et de l’étomidate et entretenue avec un mélange O2/N2O (50%), et supplément de fentanyl et d’isoflurane selon les besoins. Le volume minute inspiré ne variait pas pendant l’anesthésie. Le monitorage cardiovasculaire comprenait un catheter radial et un cathéter artériel pulmonaire inséré afin de mesurer le DC, la fraction d’éjection du ventricule droit et la S−vO2; le volume télédiastolique du ventriculaire droit indexé (VTDVDI) était calculé. Les variables hémodynamiques, les analyses des gaz veineux et artériels ont été recueillies avant et dix min après l’induction, 15, 30 et 60 min après l’insufflation (12 mmHg) suivie d’une inclinaison de la table de 10° vers le haut, et à l’arrêt de l’insufflation.

Résultats

L’âge moyen était de 81 ± 4 ans. La dépression cardiovasculaire la plus importante survenait après l’induction de l’anesthésie. L’insufflation péritonéale améliorait la fonction cardiovasculaire en augmentant l’index cardiaque (+19%), la fréquence cardiaque (+21%), la PAM (+19%) et la S−vO2 (+8%), (P < 0,05), ce qui pourrait être dû à la stimulation sympathique. Aucun changement de la précharge (VTDVDI) et des RVS n’était noté. L’index cardiaque n’était pas modifié pendant le pneumopéritoine. La laparoscopie était associée à une augmentation de la PaCO2 15 min après l’insufflation de CO2 (de 33,9 à 38.3 mmHg, P < 0,05) et à une augmentation supplémentaire après 60 min (44,4 mmHg) sans manifestation de diffusion extrapéritonéale. Le shunt intrapulmonaire n’était pas modifié et le gradient Pa-EtCO2 demeurait stable (moyenne 7,2 mmHg).

Conclusion

Les auteurs concluent que l’insufflation abdominale graduelle jusqu’à 12 mmHg suivie d’une inclinaison vers le haut de la tête de la table de 10% est associée à la stabilité cardiovasculaire chez des patients âgés de classe ASA III.

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Dhoste, K., Lacoste, L., Karayan, J. et al. Haemodynamic and ventilatory changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly ASA III patients. Can J Anaesth 43, 783–788 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03013029

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03013029

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