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Mechanisms of endothelial cell migration

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Abstract

Cell migration plays a central role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes during our whole life. Cellular movement is a complex, tightly regulated multistep process. Although the principle mechanisms of migration follow a defined general motility cycle, the cell type and the context of moving influences the detailed mode of migration. Endothelial cells migrate during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis but also in a damaged vessel to restore vessel integrity. Depending on the situation they migrate individually, in chains or sheets and complex signaling, intercellular signals as well as environmental cues modulate the process. Here, the different modes of cell migration, the peculiarities of endothelial cell migration and specific guidance molecules controlling this process will be reviewed.

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Abbreviations

Arf6:

ADP-ribosylation factor 6

Arp2/3:

Activators of actin related proteins 2/3

DCC:

Deleted in colorectal carcinoma

Dll4:

Delta-like 4

ECM:

Extra cellular matrix

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

G-actin:

Globular actin

GAP:

GTPase-activating protein

GEF:

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor

MT1-MMP:

Membrane type 1-matrix metalloprotease

MTOC:

Microtubule-organization center

Nrp:

Neuropilin

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PIP3:

Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate

PI(4,5)P2:

Phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

Robo:

Roundabout

SDF1:

Stromal cell-derived factor 1

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor-β

Unc5B:

Unc-5 homolog B

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGFR:

VEGF receptor

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Excellence Cluster Pulmonary System (ECCPS) and the DFG SFB834 TP A10. The author thanks Ralf P. Brandes for editorial suggestions during the preparation of the manuscript.

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  1. Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    U. Ruth Michaelis

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Michaelis, U.R. Mechanisms of endothelial cell migration. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 71, 4131–4148 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1678-0

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