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Immunoregulatory properties of the cytokine IL-34

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Abstract

Interleukin-34 is a cytokine with only partially understood functions, described for the first time in 2008. Although IL-34 shares very little homology with CSF-1 (CSF1, M-CSF), they share a common receptor CSF-1R (CSF-1R) and IL-34 has also two distinct receptors (PTP-ζ) and CD138 (syndecan-1). To make the situation more complex, IL-34 has also been shown as pairing with CSF-1 to form a heterodimer. Until now, studies have demonstrated that this cytokine is released by some tissues that differ to those where CSF-1 is expressed and is involved in the differentiation and survival of macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells in response to inflammation. The involvement of IL-34 has been shown in areas as diverse as neuronal protection, autoimmune diseases, infection, cancer, and transplantation. Our recent work has demonstrated a new and possible therapeutic role for IL-34 as a Foxp3+ Treg-secreted cytokine mediator of transplant tolerance. In this review, we recapitulate most recent findings on IL-34 and its controversial effects on immune responses and address its immunoregulatory properties and the potential of targeting this cytokine in human.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Fondation Progreffe and the Labex IGO project (No. ANR-11-LABX-0016-01) for financial support. This work was realized in the context of the IHU-Cesti project (ANR-10-IBHU-005). Both, Labex IGO and IHU-CESTI, are part of the «Investissements d’Avenir» ANR French Government program. The IHU-Cesti project is also supported by Nantes Métropole and Région Pays-de-la-Loire.

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  1. INSERM UMR1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN, Université de Nantes, 30 Bd. Jean Monnet, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France

    Carole Guillonneau, Séverine Bézie & Ignacio Anegon

  2. Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France

    Carole Guillonneau, Séverine Bézie & Ignacio Anegon

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  1. Carole Guillonneau
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  2. Séverine Bézie
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  3. Ignacio Anegon
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Correspondence to Carole Guillonneau.

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Guillonneau, C., Bézie, S. & Anegon, I. Immunoregulatory properties of the cytokine IL-34. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 74, 2569–2586 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2482-4

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