nach oben

International Journal of Public Health

Erschienen in:

01.02.2012 | Original Article

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors for hypertension in a rural population in South India

verfasst von: Prabhdeep Kaur, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ezhil Radhakrishnan, Daniel Rajasekar, Mohan D. Gupte

Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health | Ausgabe 1/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objectives

Hypertension is a major public health problem with prevalence ranging 22–30% in urban India. There are few data on hypertension epidemiology in rural India. We conducted a survey to estimate prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors for hypertension in a rural population in south India.

Methods

We did cross-sectional survey in 11 villages in Tamil Nadu. We collected data on behavioral risk factors, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. We defined hypertension according to WHO criteria.

Results

Study population included 10,463 subjects aged 25–64 years. Among them, 4,900 (46.8%) were males. Hypertension was present for 2,247 (21.4%) subjects and 1,682 (74.9%) among hypertensives were newly detected. Overall 20% were on treatment and 6.6% had blood pressure control. Age ≥35 years, BMI ≥ 23 kg/m² and central obesity were risk factors significantly associated with hypertension (p < 0.05). In addition, alcohol consumption, higher education level were risk factor among males and family history of hypertension was risk factor among females (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Hypertension is an emerging challenge in rural India. We need health promotion programs and reorientation of primary health care to improve hypertension detection and management.

Agarwal VK, Basannar DR, Sing RP, Dutt M, Abraham D, Mustafa MS (2006) Coronary risk factors in a rural community. Indian J Public Health 50:19–23

Blas E, Kurup AS (eds) (2010) Equity, social determinants and public health programs. World Health Organization, Geneva

Bonita R, Courten M, Dwyer T, Jamrozik K, Winkelmann R (2001) Surveillance of risk factors for non communicable disease: the WHO STEP wise approach. Summary. World Health Organization, Geneva

Chow C, Cardona M, Raju PK, Iyengar S, Sukumar A, Raju R et al (2007) Cardiovascular risk factors among 354 adults in rural India—the Andhra Pradesh Rural Health Initiative. Int J Cardiol 116:180–185PubMedCrossRef

Coleman R, Gill G, Wilkinson D (1998) Non-communicable disease management in resource-poor settings: a primary care model from rural South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 76:633–640PubMed

Department of Health and Family welfare. Govt. of Tamil Nadu (2008) Tamil Nadu Health Systems project. http://www.tnhsp.org. Accessed 26 May 2010

Deurenberg-Yap M, Yian TB, Kai CS, Deurenberg P, van Staveren WA (1999) Manifestation of cardiovascular risk factors at low levels of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in Singaporean Chinese. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 8:177–183CrossRef

Directorate of Census Operation (2001) Tamil Nadu Census 2001. http://census2001.tn.nic.in. Accessed 25 May, 2010

Dong G, Sun Z, Zheng L, Li J, Zhang X, Xu C et al (2008) Factors associated with Hypertension awareness, treatment and control in rural China. J Hum Hypertens 22:366–369PubMedCrossRef

Gupta R, Gupta S, Gupta VP, Prakash H (1995) Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the urban population of Jaipur in western India. J Hypertens 13:1193–1200PubMedCrossRef

Hypertension Study Group (2001) Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among the elderly in Bangladesh and India: a multicentre study. Bull World Health Organ 79:490–500

Indian Council of Medical Research (2004) Assessment of burden of non-communicable diseases. Indian Council of Medical research, New Delhi

Indian Council of Medical Research (2009) Study on causes of death by Verbal autopsy in India. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi

Isaac M (1998) India. In: Grant M (ed) Alcohol and emerging markets. Patterns, problems and responses. International center for alcohol politics, Series on alcohol in society. Taylor and Francis, Ann Arbor, pp 145–176

Kaur P, Rao TV, Sankarasubbaiyan S, Narayanan AM, Ezhil R, Sudha R et al (2007) Prevalence and distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in an urban industrial population in South India: a cross sectional study. J Assoc Physicians India 55:771–776PubMed

Kaur P, Rao SR, Radhakrishnan E, Ramachandran R, Venkatachalam R, Gupte MD (2011) High prevalence of tobacco use, alcohol use and overweight in a rural population in Tamil Nadu, India. J Postgrad Med 57:9–15PubMedCrossRef

Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J (2005) Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 365:217–223PubMed

Krishnan A, Shah B, Lal V, Shukla DK, Paul E, Kapoor SK (2008) Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Faridabad district of Haryana. Indian J Public Health 52:117–124PubMed

Kumar R, Singh MC, Ahlawat SK, JThakur JS, Srivastava A, Sharma MK et al (2006) Urbanization and coronary heart disease: a study of Urban–Rural differences in Northern India. Indian Heart J 58:126–130PubMed

MacMohan S (1987) Alcohol consumption and hypertension. Hypertension 9:111–121

Mani MK (2006) Nephrologists sans frontières: preventing chronic kidney disease on a shoestring. Kidney Int 70:821–823PubMedCrossRef

Marmot MG, Elloitt P, Shipley MJ, Dyers AR, Ueshima H, Beevers DG et al (1994) Alcohol and blood pressure: the INTERSALT study. BMJ 308:1263–1267PubMedCrossRef

Ministry of health and Family welfare. Govt. of India (2008) National program for prevention and control of Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease and stroke. http://mohfw.nic.in/NPDCS.htm. Accessed 26 May 2010

Mohamed MR, Shafek M, El Damaty S, Seoudi S (2000) Hypertension control indicators among rural population in Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 75:391–401PubMed

Mohan V, Deepa M, Farooq S, Datta M, Deepa R (2007) Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Chennai—The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-52). J Assoc Physicians India 55:326–332PubMed

National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (2006) Diet and nutritional status of population and prevalence of Hypertension among adults in rural areas. Technical report no 24. National Institute of Nutrition (Indian Council of Medical Research), Hyderabad

O’Connor PJ, Wagner EH, Strogatz DS (1990) Hypertension control in a rural community. An assessment of community-oriented primary care. J Fam Pract 30:420–424PubMed

Parker VG, Coles C, Logan BN, Davis L (2010) The LIFE project: a community-based weight loss intervention program for rural African American women. Fam Community Health 33:133–143PubMed

Perkovic V, Huxley R, Wu Y, Prabhakaran D, MacMahon S (2007) The burden of blood pressure-related disease: a neglected priority for global health. Hypertension 50:991–997PubMedCrossRef

Prabhakaran D, Shah P, Chaturvedi V, Ramakrishnan L, Manhapra A, Reddy KS (2005) Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence among men in a large industry of northern India. Natl Med J India 18:59–65PubMed

Reddy KS, Prabhakaran D, Chaturvedi V, Jeemon P, Thankappan KR, Ramakrishnan L et al (2006) Methods for establishing a surveillance system for cardiovascular diseases in Indian industrial populations. Bull World Health Organ 84:461–469PubMedCrossRef

Richard E, Nigel U, Ferdinand M, David W, Seif R, John K et al (2000) Hypertension prevalence and care in an urban and rural area of Tanzania. J Hypertens 18:145–152CrossRef

Schoenborn CA, Vickerie JL, Barnes PM (2003) Cigarette smoking behavior of adults: United States, 1997–98. Advance data from vital and health statistics; no 331. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville

Stamler R, Stamler J, Riedlinger WF, Algera G, Poberts RH (1978) Weight and blood pressure. Findings in hypertension screening of 1 million Americans. JAMA 240:1607–1610PubMedCrossRef

Tamil Nadu State Marketing Corporation Ltd. (2010) Turnover. http://tasmac.tn.gov.in/Turnover.htm. Accessed 18 May 2010

Thankappan KR, Shah B, Mathur P, Sarma PS, Srinivas G, Mini GK et al (2010) Risk factor profile for chronic non-communicable diseases: results of a community-based study in Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res 13:53–63

Whitworth JA, World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group (2003) World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of Hypertension. J Hypertens 21:1983–1992PubMedCrossRef

WHO expert consultation (2004) Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and interventions strategies. Lancet 363:157–163CrossRef

WHO/IASO/IOTF (2000) The Asia–Pacific prospective. Redefining obesity and its treatment. Health Communications, Sydney

Titel: Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors for hypertension in a rural population in South India
verfasst von: Prabhdeep Kaur
Sudha Ramachandra Rao
Ezhil Radhakrishnan
Daniel Rajasekar
Mohan D. Gupte
Publikationsdatum: 01.02.2012
Verlag: SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health / Ausgabe 1/2012
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Elektronische ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-011-0303-3

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2012

A comparison of depression prevalence estimates measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire with two administration modes: computer-assisted telephone interviewing versus computer-assisted personal interviewing

Continuity and change at an international Journal

Erratum to: Association of life course socioeconomic disadvantage with future problem drinking and heavy drinking: gender differentials in the west of Scotland

The influence of social status on pre-school children’s eating habits, caries experience and caries prevention behavior

Lessons from a Canadian province: examining collaborations between the mental health and justice sectors

The association of depressive symptoms and ischemic heart disease in older adults is not moderated by gender, marital status or education