Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Herz 2/2020

05.03.2020 | Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit | CME

Grundlagen der Angiologie bei peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK)

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Christine Espinola-Klein

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 2/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) ist eine häufige Manifestation der Atherosklerose mit hohem Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse. Als Screening nach einer pAVK dient die Messung des ABI („ankle-brachial index“). Man unterscheidet das stabile Stadium der Claudicatio intermittens vom Stadium der kritischen Extremitätenischämie (CLI „critical limb ischemia“). In der Therapie sind eine Nikotinkarenz sowie die lipidsenkende Therapie mit Statinen und einem Ziel-LDL(„low-density lipoprotein“)-Cholesterin von weniger als 55 mg/dl zentrale Elemente. Bei Patienten mit symptomatischer pAVK ist eine Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung indiziert. Neben Clopidogrel 75 mg oder Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) 100 mg kann bei hohem Risiko auch eine Kombinationstherapie von ASS 100 mg und 2‑mal 2,5 mg Rivaroxaban zum Einsatz kommen. Bei kritischer Extremitätenischämie ist immer eine Revaskularisation (perkutane Intervention, Operation) zum Extremitätenerhalt indiziert. Bei Claudicatio intermittens ist das zentrale Element der Therapie ein Gehtraining, eine Revaskularisation kommt bei hohem Leidensdruck zum Einsatz.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL et al (2017) ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries. Eur Heart J 39:763–816CrossRef Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL et al (2017) ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries. Eur Heart J 39:763–816CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawall H, Huppert P, Rümenapf G et al (2016) S3-Leitlinien zur Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit. Vasa 45(Suppl 95):11–82 Lawall H, Huppert P, Rümenapf G et al (2016) S3-Leitlinien zur Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit. Vasa 45(Suppl 95):11–82
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Espinola-Klein C (2017) ESC guidelines on peripheral arterial disease: summary of the most important recommendations and innovations. Herz 42:721–727CrossRef Espinola-Klein C (2017) ESC guidelines on peripheral arterial disease: summary of the most important recommendations and innovations. Herz 42:721–727CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Alberts MJ, Bhatt DL, Mas JL et al (2009) Three-year follow-up and event rates in the international REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health Registry. Eur Heart J 30:2318–2326CrossRef Alberts MJ, Bhatt DL, Mas JL et al (2009) Three-year follow-up and event rates in the international REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health Registry. Eur Heart J 30:2318–2326CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Diehm C, Schuster A, Allenberg H et al (2004) High prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and comorbidity in 6,880 primary care patients: cross sectional study. Atherosclerosis 172:95–105CrossRef Diehm C, Schuster A, Allenberg H et al (2004) High prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and comorbidity in 6,880 primary care patients: cross sectional study. Atherosclerosis 172:95–105CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA et al (2007) Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg 45(Suppl):S5–67CrossRef Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA et al (2007) Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg 45(Suppl):S5–67CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Reinecke H, Unrath M, Freisinger E et al (2015) Peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischaemia: still poor outcomes and lack of guideline adherence. Eur Heart J 36:932–938CrossRef Reinecke H, Unrath M, Freisinger E et al (2015) Peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischaemia: still poor outcomes and lack of guideline adherence. Eur Heart J 36:932–938CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P et al (2019) Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening Ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 58(eS109):1CrossRef Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P et al (2019) Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening Ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 58(eS109):1CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Espinola-Klein C, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C et al (2008) Different calculations of ankle-brachial index and their impact on cardiovascular risk prediction. Circulation 118:961–967CrossRef Espinola-Klein C, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C et al (2008) Different calculations of ankle-brachial index and their impact on cardiovascular risk prediction. Circulation 118:961–967CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Espinola-Klein C, Vosseler M, Abegunewardene N et al (2019) Peripheral arterial occlusive disease as predictor of high atherosclerotic burden. Herz 44:40–44CrossRef Espinola-Klein C, Vosseler M, Abegunewardene N et al (2019) Peripheral arterial occlusive disease as predictor of high atherosclerotic burden. Herz 44:40–44CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL et al (2020) 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 41:111–188CrossRef Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL et al (2020) 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 41:111–188CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al (2018) ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 39:3021–3104CrossRef Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al (2018) ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 39:3021–3104CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffrey KW et al (2017) Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377:644–657CrossRef Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffrey KW et al (2017) Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377:644–657CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Verma S, Mazer CD, Al-Omran M et al (2018) Cardiovascular outcomes and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral artery disease: a subanalysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME. Circulation 137:405–407CrossRef Verma S, Mazer CD, Al-Omran M et al (2018) Cardiovascular outcomes and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral artery disease: a subanalysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME. Circulation 137:405–407CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kröger K, Espinola-Klein C, Hoffmann U et al (2018) Peripheral arterial disease: When is a PCSK9 inhibitor useful? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 143:1391–1396CrossRef Kröger K, Espinola-Klein C, Hoffmann U et al (2018) Peripheral arterial disease: When is a PCSK9 inhibitor useful? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 143:1391–1396CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonaca MP, Nault P, Giugliano RP et al (2018) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering with evolocumab and outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the FOURIER trial. Circulation 137:338–350CrossRef Bonaca MP, Nault P, Giugliano RP et al (2018) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering with evolocumab and outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the FOURIER trial. Circulation 137:338–350CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Arya S, Khakharia A, Binney ZO et al (2018) Association of Statin dose with amputation and survival in patients with peripheral artery disease. Circulation 137:1435–1446CrossRef Arya S, Khakharia A, Binney ZO et al (2018) Association of Statin dose with amputation and survival in patients with peripheral artery disease. Circulation 137:1435–1446CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348:1329–1339CrossRef CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348:1329–1339CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Anand SS, Bosch J, Eikelboom JW et al (2017) Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 391:219–229CrossRef Anand SS, Bosch J, Eikelboom JW et al (2017) Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 391:219–229CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Dopheide JF, Geissler P, Rubrech J et al (2016) Influence of exercise training on proangiogenic TIE‑2 monocytes and endothelial progenitor cells in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Clin Res Cardiol 105:666–676CrossRef Dopheide JF, Geissler P, Rubrech J et al (2016) Influence of exercise training on proangiogenic TIE‑2 monocytes and endothelial progenitor cells in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Clin Res Cardiol 105:666–676CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Dopheide JF, Rubrech J, Trumpp A et al (2017) Supervised exercise training in peripheral arterial disease increases vascular shear stress and profunda femoral artery diameter. Eur J Prev Cardiol 24:178–191CrossRef Dopheide JF, Rubrech J, Trumpp A et al (2017) Supervised exercise training in peripheral arterial disease increases vascular shear stress and profunda femoral artery diameter. Eur J Prev Cardiol 24:178–191CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Venermo M, Sprynger M, Desormais I et al (2019) Follow-up of patients after revascularisation for peripheral arterial diseases: a consensus document from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases and the European Society for Vascular Surgery. Eur J Prev Cardiol 26:1971–1984CrossRef Venermo M, Sprynger M, Desormais I et al (2019) Follow-up of patients after revascularisation for peripheral arterial diseases: a consensus document from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases and the European Society for Vascular Surgery. Eur J Prev Cardiol 26:1971–1984CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Armstrong EJ, Chen DC, Westin GG et al (2014) Adherence to guideline-recommended therapy is associated with decreased major adverse cardiovascular events and major adverse limb events among patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Am Heart Assoc 3:1–11CrossRef Armstrong EJ, Chen DC, Westin GG et al (2014) Adherence to guideline-recommended therapy is associated with decreased major adverse cardiovascular events and major adverse limb events among patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Am Heart Assoc 3:1–11CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Grundlagen der Angiologie bei peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK)
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Christine Espinola-Klein
Publikationsdatum
05.03.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-020-04896-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2020

Herz 2/2020 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.