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Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 8/2013

01.11.2013 | Leitthema

Management der dekompensierten Leberzirrhose auf der Intensivstation

verfasst von: O. Lerschmacher, A. Koch, K. Streetz, C. Trautwein, Prof. Dr. Dr. F. Tacke

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 8/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Die Leberzirrhose ist die Endstrecke chronischer meist über Jahrzehnte verlaufender Lebererkrankungen. Komplikationen der Leberzirrhose haben ein hohes Letalitätsrisiko, aber ihre Prognose lässt sich durch optimales intensivmedizinisches Management erheblich verbessern. Bei Erstdiagnose und bei Dekompensation sind strukturierte diagnostische Maßnahmen erforderlich, um die Ätiologie zu erkennen und Komplikationen nachzuweisen. Die akute Varizenblutung wird durch endoskopische Intervention, vasoaktive Substanzen, Antibiotika, supportive intensivmedizinische Behandlung und ggf. durch einen im Notfall eingesetzten transjugulären intrahepatischen portosystemischen Shunt (TIPS) behandelt. Bei Aszites muss eine spontane bakterielle Peritonitis ausgeschlossen bzw. unmittelbar antibiotisch behandelt werden. Bei hepatorenalem Syndrom ist die Kombinationstherapie aus Vasokonstriktoren und Humanalbumin etabliert. Differenzialdiagnosen bei respiratorischer Insuffizienz umfassen neben Pneumonie, Lungenembolie oder kardialer Dekompensation auch das hepatopulmonale Syndrom, die portopulmonale Hypertonie oder den hepatischen Hydrothorax. Bei dekompensierter Leberzirrhose ist stets die Indikation und Möglichkeit der Lebertransplantation zu evaluieren. Leberersatzverfahren haben derzeit höchstens eine Rolle als Überbrückungsverfahren bis zur definitiven Transplantation.
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Metadaten
Titel
Management der dekompensierten Leberzirrhose auf der Intensivstation
verfasst von
O. Lerschmacher
A. Koch
K. Streetz
C. Trautwein
Prof. Dr. Dr. F. Tacke
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 8/2013
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-013-0259-6

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