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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 5/2008

01.05.2008 | CME Weiterbildung • Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Aspirationssyndrom

Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie und Therapie

verfasst von: O. Bartusch, M. Finkl, U. Jaschinski

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 5/2008

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Zusammenfassung

Die Aspiration fester oder flüssiger Materialien perioperativ ist eine seltene, aber schwerwiegende Komplikation, die zum akuten Lungenversagen führen kann. Zur Risikostratifizierung und Vermeidung hilft die Kenntnis der prädisponierenden Risikofaktoren und Krankheiten. Die Narkoseeinleitung bei potenziell nicht nüchternen Patienten erfolgt als „rapid sequence induction“ (RSI). Bei beobachteter Aspiration ist schnelles und umsichtiges Handeln wichtig. Ein vorbereiteter Arbeitsplatz und ein geschultes Team können den Schaden minimieren. Kenntnisse der Pathophysiologie und Mikrobiologie bei Aspiration sind Voraussetzungen für die richtige Therapie. Eine perioperative Aspiration impliziert eine verlängerte Beobachtung mit respiratorischem Monitoring des Patienten im Aufwachraum oder auf der Intensivstation. Die Behandlung der Pneumonitis ist supportiv, während bei Pneumonie zusätzlich eine antiinfektive Therapie erforderlich ist, die sich an den Risikofaktoren des Patienten, den Umständen der Aspiration und dem zu erwartenden Keimspektrum orientiert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Aspirationssyndrom
Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie und Therapie
verfasst von
O. Bartusch
M. Finkl
U. Jaschinski
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 5/2008
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-008-1348-4

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