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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 6/2016

01.06.2016 | Ösophaguskarzinom | Allgemeinanästhesie

Perioperatives Management der transthorakalen Ösophagektomie

Grundlagen der interdisziplinären Patientenversorgung und neue Konzepte zur beschleunigten postoperativen Erholung

verfasst von: R. Lambertz, H. Drinhaus, D. Schedler, M. Bludau, W. Schröder, Prof. Dr. T. Annecke

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 6/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Lokal fortgeschrittene Karzinome des Ösophagus werden gegenwärtig multimodal therapiert. Kernelement des kurativen Therapieansatzes ist die Ösophagektomie. Als Standardeingriff wird in spezialisierten Zentren die transthorakale En-bloc-Ösophagektomie durchgeführt. Die Rekonstruktion der intestinalen Passage erfolgt meist durch Schlauchmagen, der entweder thorakal oder zervikal an den verbleibenden Ösophagus anastomosiert wird. Dieser thorakoabdominale Eingriff ist mit einer klinisch relevanten postoperativen Morbidität verbunden, nicht zuletzt auch wegen der oft multiplen Vorerkrankungen der operierten Patienten. Für ein optimales Ergebnis sind eine sorgfältige interdisziplinäre Patientenauswahl, präoperative Risikoevaluation und Konditionierung erforderlich. Die Erfahrung des Zentrums korreliert invers mit der Komplikationsrate. Die führende chirurgische Komplikation ist die Anastomoseninsuffizienz, die endoskopisch-interventionell diagnostiziert und in aller Regel mithilfe endoskopischer Therapieverfahren behandelt wird. Auf der Seite der nichtchirurgischen Komplikationen dominieren pulmonale Infektionen. Eine thorakale Periduralanästhesie (PDA) und ein perfusionsorientiertes Volumenmanagement können die Rate an pulmonalen Komplikationen senken. Die Patienten werden lungenprotektiv beatmet und frühzeitig extubiert. Ösophagektomien sollen in Zentren mit hoher Fallzahl in enger chirurgischer und anästhesiologisch-intensivmedizinischer Kooperation durchgeführt werden. Enhanced-recovery-after-surgery-Programme beinhalten ein weiteres Potenzial zur schnelleren postoperativen Rekonvaleszenz der Patienten. Dieser Übersichtsbeitrag beschreibt die grundlegenden Aspekte des interdisziplinären perioperativen Managements der transthorakalen Ösophagektomie.
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Metadaten
Titel
Perioperatives Management der transthorakalen Ösophagektomie
Grundlagen der interdisziplinären Patientenversorgung und neue Konzepte zur beschleunigten postoperativen Erholung
verfasst von
R. Lambertz
H. Drinhaus
D. Schedler
M. Bludau
W. Schröder
Prof. Dr. T. Annecke
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-016-0179-y

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