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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 4/2018

05.03.2018 | Aspiration | CME

Sichere und kontroverse Komponenten der „rapid sequence induction“

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. T. Mencke, A. Zitzmann, D. A. Reuter

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 4/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Die „rapid sequence induction“ (RSI) ist eine Technik der Narkoseeinleitung bei erhöhtem Risiko für eine pulmonale Aspiration. Zwar ist die Inzidenz des akuten Lungenversagens (ARDS) nach Aspiration extrem selten, dennoch ist das ARDS für 10–30 % der anästhesiebedingten Todesfälle verantwortlich. Die vor fast 50 Jahren erstbeschriebene klassische RSI (Oberkörperhochlagerung, Verzicht auf Zwischenbeatmung und Verwendung von Succinylcholin) wird heute noch so angewendet. Modifizierte RSI beinhalten Maskenbeatmung vor endotrachealer Intubation bzw. Verwendung nichtdepolarisierender Muskelrelaxanzien. Für vergleichbare Intubationsbedingungen sollten 1,0 mg/kgKG Succinylcholin oder 1,0–1,2 mg/kgKG Rocuronium gegeben werden. Effektivität und korrekte Durchführung des Krikoiddrucks, der nach seiner Einführung 1961 bald ein Eckpfeiler der RSI war, werden seit einiger Zeit kontrovers diskutiert. Bei Ileus und Passage‑/Entleerungsstörung ist vor Narkoseeinleitung die Magenentleerung mithilfe einer Sonde zwingend.
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Metadaten
Titel
Sichere und kontroverse Komponenten der „rapid sequence induction“
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. T. Mencke
A. Zitzmann
D. A. Reuter
Publikationsdatum
05.03.2018

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