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Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 11/2016

05.10.2016 | Adipositas | Leitthema

Prävention von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Kritische Bewertung der Evidenzbasierung

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Iris Pigeot, Tom Baranowski, Leslie Lytle, Wolfgang Ahrens

Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz | Ausgabe 11/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Trotz sorgfältiger Planung und Umsetzung zeigen Präventionsprogramme zur Vorbeugung von Übergewicht/Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen keine, widersprüchliche oder nur schwache Effekte. Diese Programme streben in der Regel Verhaltensänderungen, selten auch Verhältnisänderungen an, die von allgemein akzeptierten Annahmen bzgl. der Determinanten ausgehen.

Fragestellung

Es wird die Evidenzlage bzgl. der Determinanten Ernährung, körperliche Aktivität und Stress kritisch hinterfragt. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden zudem die Ergebnisse internationaler Interventionsstudien diskutiert.

Material und Methoden

Es wird das Mediatoren-Modifikatoren-Variablen-Modell zugrunde gelegt und der Einfluss von Mediatoren sowie von Effektmodifikatoren und deren Verknüpfungen untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Entgegen der gängigen Annahme besteht hinsichtlich der möglichen Determinanten von Übergewicht/Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter keine eindeutige Evidenzlage. Darüber hinaus scheint auch die Evidenz für eine starke kausale Beziehung zwischen vermuteten Mediatoren und den zu adressierenden Verhaltensweisen inkonsistent zu sein. Zudem werden Effektmodifikatoren häufig nicht in adäquater Weise berücksichtigt.

Diskussion

Es ist davon auszugehen, dass es sich bei der Entstehung von Übergewicht/Adipositas um ein komplexes multikausales Geflecht handelt. Zur Durchführung erfolgreicher Interventionen scheint weitere Forschung zum Verständnis der Ätiologie und der Wirkmechanismen der unter Verdacht stehenden Einflussfaktoren bei Kindern und Jugendlichen erforderlich. Nur wenn es möglich ist, eine substanzielle Veränderung von relevanten Mediatoren mit vertretbarem Aufwand und unter realen Bedingungen zu bewirken, machen Interventionsprogramme auf Bevölkerungsebene Sinn.
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Metadaten
Titel
Prävention von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Kritische Bewertung der Evidenzbasierung
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Iris Pigeot
Tom Baranowski
Leslie Lytle
Wolfgang Ahrens
Publikationsdatum
05.10.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz / Ausgabe 11/2016
Print ISSN: 1436-9990
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-016-2449-x

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