Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Chirurg 5/2016

01.05.2016 | Prophylaxe | Klinische Studien

Prävalenz der ASS-Low-Response in der Gefäßchirurgie

verfasst von: Dr. T. Hummel, S. H. Meves, K. Rüdiger, A. Mügge, A. Mumme, B. Burkert, D. Mühlberger, H. Neubauer

Erschienen in: Die Chirurgie | Ausgabe 5/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Untersuchungen zeigen, dass eine verminderte antithrombozytäre Wirksamkeit („Low Response [LR]“/„high on-treatment platelet reactivity [HPR]“) von Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) und Clopidogrel mit einem erhöhten Risiko für thrombembolische Ereignisse assoziiert ist. Die Prävalenzangaben für Low Responder schwanken stark in der Literatur und es gibt wenige Untersuchungen mit gefäßchirurgischen Patienten. Ziel der Studie war es, die Prävalenz von ASS- und Clopidogrel-Low-Respondern (ALR/CLR) und Risikofaktoren für Low Responder bei gefäßchirurgischen Patienten zu ermitteln.

Methodik

In die Studie wurden n = 154 Patienten mit einer antithrombozytären Dauertherapie eingeschlossen, die aufgrund einer pAVK und/oder Arteria-carotis-interna-Stenose behandelt wurden. Zur Ermittlung einer ASS- oder Clopidogrel-Low-Response wurde Vollblut mittels der Impedanzaggregometrie (ChronoLog® Aggregometer Modell 590) untersucht. Zur Detektion von Risikofaktoren wurden der Schweregrad der Gefäßerkrankung, Begleiterkrankungen, Laborparameter und die Begleitmedikation erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Es wurde eine Prävalenz von 19,3 % für ALR und von 21,1 % für CLR ermittelt. Als Risikofaktoren für präoperative ASS-Low-Responder wurde eine höhere Thrombozyten- und Leukozytenanzahl, sowie eine Begleitmedikation mit Pantoprazol identifiziert. Die Auswertung ergab keine signifikante Korrelation der erhobenen Parameter mit Clopidogrel-Low-Respondern.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Prävalenzen für die ALR und CLR liegen in den, bei anderen Studien ermittelten Bereichen, die vornehmlich an kardiologischen Patienten vorgenommenen wurden. Weitere Untersuchungen sind notwendig zur Evaluation von Risikofaktoren und zur Entwicklung eines wirksamen Therapieregimes zur Optimierung der Therapie mit Thrombozytenfunktionshemmern bei gefäßchirurgischen Patienten.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Azzam SI, Alzoubi KH, Khabour O, Alowidi A, Tawalbeh D (2012) The prevalence and factors associated with aspirin resistance in patients premedicated with aspirin. Acta Cardiol 67(4):445–448PubMed Al-Azzam SI, Alzoubi KH, Khabour O, Alowidi A, Tawalbeh D (2012) The prevalence and factors associated with aspirin resistance in patients premedicated with aspirin. Acta Cardiol 67(4):445–448PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bedenis R, Lethaby A, Maxwell H, Acosta S, Prins MH (2015) Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery. Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2015(2):CD000535 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000535.pub3 Bedenis R, Lethaby A, Maxwell H, Acosta S, Prins MH (2015) Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery. Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2015(2):CD000535 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000535.pub3
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Ben-Dor I, Kleimann NS, Lev E (2009) Assessment, mechanisms, and clinical implication of variability in platelet response to aspirin and Clopidogrel therapy. Am J Cardiol 104:227–233CrossRefPubMed Ben-Dor I, Kleimann NS, Lev E (2009) Assessment, mechanisms, and clinical implication of variability in platelet response to aspirin and Clopidogrel therapy. Am J Cardiol 104:227–233CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Berger JS, Krantz MJ, Kittelson JM, Hiatt WR (2009) Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery Desease, a meta-analyses of randomized trials. JAMA 301(18):1909–1919CrossRefPubMed Berger JS, Krantz MJ, Kittelson JM, Hiatt WR (2009) Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery Desease, a meta-analyses of randomized trials. JAMA 301(18):1909–1919CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348:1329–1339CrossRef CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348:1329–1339CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Catalano M, Born G, Peto R (2007) Critical Leg Ischaemia Prevention Study (CLIPS) Group. Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized, double-blind trial. J Intern Med 261:276–284CrossRefPubMed Catalano M, Born G, Peto R (2007) Critical Leg Ischaemia Prevention Study (CLIPS) Group. Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized, double-blind trial. J Intern Med 261:276–284CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Dretzke J, Riley RD, Lordkipanidzé M, Jowett S, O’Donnell J, Ensor J, Moloney E, Price M, Raichand S, Hodgkinson J, Bayliss S, Fitzmaurice D, Moore D (2015) The prognostic utility of tests of platelet function for the detection of ‘aspirin resistance’ in patients with established cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 19(37):1–366CrossRef Dretzke J, Riley RD, Lordkipanidzé M, Jowett S, O’Donnell J, Ensor J, Moloney E, Price M, Raichand S, Hodgkinson J, Bayliss S, Fitzmaurice D, Moore D (2015) The prognostic utility of tests of platelet function for the detection of ‘aspirin resistance’ in patients with established cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 19(37):1–366CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat FitzGerald R, Pirmohamed M (2011) Aspirin resistance: effect of clinical, biochemical and genetic factors. Pharmacol Ther 130:213–225CrossRefPubMed FitzGerald R, Pirmohamed M (2011) Aspirin resistance: effect of clinical, biochemical and genetic factors. Pharmacol Ther 130:213–225CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Franks ZG, Campbell RA, Weyrich AS, Rondina MT (2010) Platelet-leukocyte interactions link inflammatatory and thrombo-embolic events in ischemic stroce. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1207:11–17CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Franks ZG, Campbell RA, Weyrich AS, Rondina MT (2010) Platelet-leukocyte interactions link inflammatatory and thrombo-embolic events in ischemic stroce. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1207:11–17CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Frelinger AL, Furman MI, Linden MD, Li Y, Fox ML, Barnard MR, Michelson AD (2006) Residual arachidonic acid-induced platelet activation via an adenosine diphosphate-dependent but cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase 2‑independent pathway. A 700-patient study of aspirin resistance. Circulation 113:2888–2896CrossRefPubMed Frelinger AL, Furman MI, Linden MD, Li Y, Fox ML, Barnard MR, Michelson AD (2006) Residual arachidonic acid-induced platelet activation via an adenosine diphosphate-dependent but cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase 2‑independent pathway. A 700-patient study of aspirin resistance. Circulation 113:2888–2896CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Golański J, Chłopicki S, Golański R, Gresner P, Iwaszkiewicz A, Watala C (2005) Resistance to aspirin in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting is transient: impact on the monitoring of aspirin antiplatelet therapy. Ther Drug Monit 27(4):484–490CrossRefPubMed Golański J, Chłopicki S, Golański R, Gresner P, Iwaszkiewicz A, Watala C (2005) Resistance to aspirin in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting is transient: impact on the monitoring of aspirin antiplatelet therapy. Ther Drug Monit 27(4):484–490CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gori AM, Marcucci R, Migliorini A, Valenti R, Moschi G, Paniccia R, Buonamici P, Gensini GF, Vergara R, Abbate R, Antoniucci D (2008) Incidence and clinical impact of dual nonresponsiveness to aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with drug-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 25:734–739CrossRef Gori AM, Marcucci R, Migliorini A, Valenti R, Moschi G, Paniccia R, Buonamici P, Gensini GF, Vergara R, Abbate R, Antoniucci D (2008) Incidence and clinical impact of dual nonresponsiveness to aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with drug-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 25:734–739CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gurbel PA, Tantry US (2006) Aspirin and clopidogrel resistance: consideration and management. J Interv Cardiol 19(5):439–448CrossRefPubMed Gurbel PA, Tantry US (2006) Aspirin and clopidogrel resistance: consideration and management. J Interv Cardiol 19(5):439–448CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Ho PM, Maddox TM, Wang L, Fihn SD, Jesse RL, Peterson ED, Rumsfeld JS (2009) Risk of adverse outcomes associated with concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors following acute coronary syndrome. JAMA 301(9):937–944CrossRefPubMed Ho PM, Maddox TM, Wang L, Fihn SD, Jesse RL, Peterson ED, Rumsfeld JS (2009) Risk of adverse outcomes associated with concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors following acute coronary syndrome. JAMA 301(9):937–944CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Hovens MM, Snoep JD, Eikenboom JC, van der Bom JG, Mertens BJ, Huisman MV (2007) Prevalence of persistent platelet reactivity despite use of aspirin: a systematic review. Am Heart J 153:175–181CrossRefPubMed Hovens MM, Snoep JD, Eikenboom JC, van der Bom JG, Mertens BJ, Huisman MV (2007) Prevalence of persistent platelet reactivity despite use of aspirin: a systematic review. Am Heart J 153:175–181CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Ivandic BT, Giannitsis E, Schlick P, Staritz P, Katus HA, Hohfeld T (2007) Determination of aspirin responsiveness by use of whole blood platelet aggregometry. Clin Chem 53:614–619CrossRefPubMed Ivandic BT, Giannitsis E, Schlick P, Staritz P, Katus HA, Hohfeld T (2007) Determination of aspirin responsiveness by use of whole blood platelet aggregometry. Clin Chem 53:614–619CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ivandic BT, Sausemuth M, Ibrahim H, Giannitsis E, Gawaz M, Kantus HA (2009) Dual antiplatelet drug resistance is a risk factor for cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Chem 55:1171–1176CrossRefPubMed Ivandic BT, Sausemuth M, Ibrahim H, Giannitsis E, Gawaz M, Kantus HA (2009) Dual antiplatelet drug resistance is a risk factor for cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Chem 55:1171–1176CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Karnabatidis D, Spiliopoulos S, Pastromas G, Kitrou P, Christeas N, Katsanos K, Siablis D (2014) Prevalence of Nonresponsiveness to aspirin in patients with symptomatic Perpheral arterial disease using true point of care testing. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 37:631–638CrossRefPubMed Karnabatidis D, Spiliopoulos S, Pastromas G, Kitrou P, Christeas N, Katsanos K, Siablis D (2014) Prevalence of Nonresponsiveness to aspirin in patients with symptomatic Perpheral arterial disease using true point of care testing. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 37:631–638CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Krasopoulos G, Brister SJ, Beattie WS, Elliot RF, Buchanan MR (2008) Aspirin “resistance” and risk of cardiovascular morbidity: systemic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 336:195–198CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Krasopoulos G, Brister SJ, Beattie WS, Elliot RF, Buchanan MR (2008) Aspirin “resistance” and risk of cardiovascular morbidity: systemic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 336:195–198CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuliczkowski W, Witkowski A, Polonski L, Watala C, Filipiak K, Budaj A, Golanski J, Sitkiewicz D, Pregowski J, Gorski J, Zembala M, Opolski G, Huber K, Arnesen H, Kristensen SD, De Caterina R (2009) Interindividual variability in the response to oral antiplatelet drugs: a position paper of the Working Group on antiplatelet drugs resistance appointed by the Section of Cardiovascular Interventions of the Polish Cardiac Society, endorsed by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 30(4):426–435CrossRefPubMed Kuliczkowski W, Witkowski A, Polonski L, Watala C, Filipiak K, Budaj A, Golanski J, Sitkiewicz D, Pregowski J, Gorski J, Zembala M, Opolski G, Huber K, Arnesen H, Kristensen SD, De Caterina R (2009) Interindividual variability in the response to oral antiplatelet drugs: a position paper of the Working Group on antiplatelet drugs resistance appointed by the Section of Cardiovascular Interventions of the Polish Cardiac Society, endorsed by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 30(4):426–435CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Lordkipanidzé M, Pharand C, Schampaert E, Turgeon J, Palisaitis DA, Diodati JG (2007) A comparison of six major platelet function tests to determine the prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 28:1702–1708CrossRefPubMed Lordkipanidzé M, Pharand C, Schampaert E, Turgeon J, Palisaitis DA, Diodati JG (2007) A comparison of six major platelet function tests to determine the prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 28:1702–1708CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat McCabe DJ, Harrison P, Mackie IJ, Sidhu PS, Purdy G, Lawrie AS, Watt H, Brown MM, Machin SJ (2004) Platelet degranulation and monocyte-platelet complex formation are increased in the acute and convalescent phases after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Br J Haematol 125:777–787CrossRefPubMed McCabe DJ, Harrison P, Mackie IJ, Sidhu PS, Purdy G, Lawrie AS, Watt H, Brown MM, Machin SJ (2004) Platelet degranulation and monocyte-platelet complex formation are increased in the acute and convalescent phases after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Br J Haematol 125:777–787CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Meves SH, Overbeck U, Endres HG, Krogias C, Neubauer H (2012) Dose-dependent effect of early antiplatelet therapy in acute ischaemic stroke. Thromb Haemost 107:69–79CrossRefPubMed Meves SH, Overbeck U, Endres HG, Krogias C, Neubauer H (2012) Dose-dependent effect of early antiplatelet therapy in acute ischaemic stroke. Thromb Haemost 107:69–79CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Payne DA, Jones CI, Hayes PD, Webster SE, Naylor AR, Goodall AH (2004) Platelet inhibition by aspirin is diminished in patients during carotid surgery: a form of transient aspirin resistance? Thromb Haemost 92:89–96PubMed Payne DA, Jones CI, Hayes PD, Webster SE, Naylor AR, Goodall AH (2004) Platelet inhibition by aspirin is diminished in patients during carotid surgery: a form of transient aspirin resistance? Thromb Haemost 92:89–96PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Price MJ, Nayak KR, Barker CM, Kandzari DE, Teirstein PS (2009) Predictors of Heightened Platelet Reactivity Despite Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Cardiol 103:1339–1343CrossRefPubMed Price MJ, Nayak KR, Barker CM, Kandzari DE, Teirstein PS (2009) Predictors of Heightened Platelet Reactivity Despite Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Cardiol 103:1339–1343CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajagopalan S, Ford I, Bachoo P, Hills GS, Croal B, Greaves M, Brittenden J (2007) Platelet activation, myocardial ischemic events and postoperative non-response to aspirin in patients undergoing major vascular surgery. J Thromb Haemost 5:2028–2035CrossRefPubMed Rajagopalan S, Ford I, Bachoo P, Hills GS, Croal B, Greaves M, Brittenden J (2007) Platelet activation, myocardial ischemic events and postoperative non-response to aspirin in patients undergoing major vascular surgery. J Thromb Haemost 5:2028–2035CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajagopalan S, Mckay I, Ford I, Bachoo P, Greaves M, Brittenden J (2007) Platelet activation increases with the severity of peripheral arterial disease: Implications for clinical management. J Vasc Surg 46:485–490CrossRefPubMed Rajagopalan S, Mckay I, Ford I, Bachoo P, Greaves M, Brittenden J (2007) Platelet activation increases with the severity of peripheral arterial disease: Implications for clinical management. J Vasc Surg 46:485–490CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Reininger CB, Graf J, Reininger AJ, Spannagl M, Steckmeier B, Schweiberer L (1996) Increased platelet and coagulatory activity indicate ongoing thrombogenesis in peripheral arterial disease. Thromb Res 82(6):523–532CrossRefPubMed Reininger CB, Graf J, Reininger AJ, Spannagl M, Steckmeier B, Schweiberer L (1996) Increased platelet and coagulatory activity indicate ongoing thrombogenesis in peripheral arterial disease. Thromb Res 82(6):523–532CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Robertson L, Ghouri MA, Kovacs F (2012) Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 15(8):CD002071 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002071.pub3 Robertson L, Ghouri MA, Kovacs F (2012) Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 15(8):CD002071 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002071.pub3
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Sane DC, McKee SA, Malinin AI, Serebruany VL (2002) Frequency of aspirin resistance in patients with congestive heart failure treated with antecedent aspirin. Am J Cardiol 90:893–895CrossRefPubMed Sane DC, McKee SA, Malinin AI, Serebruany VL (2002) Frequency of aspirin resistance in patients with congestive heart failure treated with antecedent aspirin. Am J Cardiol 90:893–895CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz KA, Schwartz DE, Barber K, Reeves M, De Franco AC (2008) Non-compliance is the predominant cause of aspirin resistance in chronic coronary arterial disease patients. J Transl Med 6:46CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schwartz KA, Schwartz DE, Barber K, Reeves M, De Franco AC (2008) Non-compliance is the predominant cause of aspirin resistance in chronic coronary arterial disease patients. J Transl Med 6:46CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Sibbing D, Byrne RA, Bernlochner I, Kastrati A (2011) High platelet reactivity and clinical outcome – Fact and fiction. Thromb Haemost 106:191–202CrossRefPubMed Sibbing D, Byrne RA, Bernlochner I, Kastrati A (2011) High platelet reactivity and clinical outcome – Fact and fiction. Thromb Haemost 106:191–202CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Snoep JD, Hovens MMC, Eikenboom JCJ, Van der Bom JG, Huisman MV (2007) Association of laboratory-defined aspirin resistance with a higher risk of recurrent cardiovascular events – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 167(15):1593–1599CrossRefPubMed Snoep JD, Hovens MMC, Eikenboom JCJ, Van der Bom JG, Huisman MV (2007) Association of laboratory-defined aspirin resistance with a higher risk of recurrent cardiovascular events – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 167(15):1593–1599CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Snoep JD, Hovens MM, Eikenboom JC, van der Bom JG, Juema JW, Huisman MV (2007) Clopidogrel nonresponsiveness in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Am Heart J 154:221–231CrossRefPubMed Snoep JD, Hovens MM, Eikenboom JC, van der Bom JG, Juema JW, Huisman MV (2007) Clopidogrel nonresponsiveness in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Am Heart J 154:221–231CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Tangelder MJD, Algra A, Lawson JA, Eikelboom BC et al (2000) Dutch BOA Study investigators: Efficacy of oral anticoagulants compared with aspirin after infrainguinal bypass surgery (The Dutch Bypass Oral anticoagulants or Aspirin study): a randomised trial. Lancet 355:346–351CrossRef Tangelder MJD, Algra A, Lawson JA, Eikelboom BC et al (2000) Dutch BOA Study investigators: Efficacy of oral anticoagulants compared with aspirin after infrainguinal bypass surgery (The Dutch Bypass Oral anticoagulants or Aspirin study): a randomised trial. Lancet 355:346–351CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Visona A, Tonello D, Zalunardo B, Irsara S, Liessi G, Marigo L, Zotta L (2009) Antithrombotic treatment before and after peripheral artery percutaneous angioplasty. Blood Transfus 7:18–23PubMedPubMedCentral Visona A, Tonello D, Zalunardo B, Irsara S, Liessi G, Marigo L, Zotta L (2009) Antithrombotic treatment before and after peripheral artery percutaneous angioplasty. Blood Transfus 7:18–23PubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Würtz M, Grove EL, Kristensen SD, Hvas A‑M (2010) The antiplatelet effect of aspirin is reduced by proton pump inhibitors in patients with coronary artery diseases. Heart 96:368–371CrossRefPubMed Würtz M, Grove EL, Kristensen SD, Hvas A‑M (2010) The antiplatelet effect of aspirin is reduced by proton pump inhibitors in patients with coronary artery diseases. Heart 96:368–371CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Würtz M, Hvas AM, Kristensen SD, Grove EL (2012) Platelet aggregation is dependent on platelet count in patients with coronary artery disease. Thromb Res 129:56–61CrossRefPubMed Würtz M, Hvas AM, Kristensen SD, Grove EL (2012) Platelet aggregation is dependent on platelet count in patients with coronary artery disease. Thromb Res 129:56–61CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmermann N, Hohfeld T (2008) Clinical implications of aspirin resistance. Thromb Haemost 100:379–390PubMed Zimmermann N, Hohfeld T (2008) Clinical implications of aspirin resistance. Thromb Haemost 100:379–390PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Prävalenz der ASS-Low-Response in der Gefäßchirurgie
verfasst von
Dr. T. Hummel
S. H. Meves
K. Rüdiger
A. Mügge
A. Mumme
B. Burkert
D. Mühlberger
H. Neubauer
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Chirurgie / Ausgabe 5/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-6971
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-698X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-016-0168-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2016

Der Chirurg 5/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.