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Molekulare Ätiologie der Hautalterung

Wie wichtig ist das genetische Make-up?

Molecular etiology of skin aging

How important is the genetic make-up?

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Zusammenfassung

Obwohl die grundsätzlichen Mechanismen der Pathogenese der Hautalterung noch nicht aufgeklärt sind, hat eine Vielzahl von Studien gezeigt, dass nicht einer, sondern multiple Signalwege daran beteiligt sind. Neue Forschungsergebnisse durch Genexpressionsanalysen und Studien von Progeroidsyndromen illustrieren, dass unter den wichtigsten biologischen Prozessen, die in den Hautalterungsprozess involviert sind, Modifizierungen der DNS-Reparatur und -Stabilität, der mitochondrialen Funktion, des Zellzyklus und der Apoptose, der extrazellulären Matrix, der Lipidsynthese, der Ubiquitin-induzierten Proteolyse und des Zellmetabolismus sind. Darüber hinaus spielen Hormone und deren physiologischer Niedergang eine herausragende Rolle in der Einleitung des Alterns. Jedoch regulieren Hormone in altersspezifischen Konzentrationen nicht nur alterungsassoziierte Mechanismen, sondern Tumorsuppressorsignalwege, die die Tumorgenese beeinflussen. Zusammenfassend kann das Verständnis der molekularen Mechanismen des Alterns zur Entwicklung von neuen Strategien zur Vorbeugung von alterungsassoziierten Erkrankungen einschließlich der Tumoren beitragen.

Abstract

Although the fundamental mechanisms in the pathogenesis of skin aging are still poorly understood, a growing body of evidence points toward the involvement of multiple pathways. Recent data obtained by expression profiling studies and studies upon progeroid syndromes illustrate that among the most important biological processes involved in skin aging are alterations in DNA repair and stability, mitochondrial function, cell cycle and apoptosis, extracellular matrix, lipid synthesis, ubiquitin-induced proteolysis and cellular metabolism. One of the major factors which have been proposed to play an exquisite role in the initiation of aging is the physiological decline of hormones occurring with age. However, hormones at age-specific levels may not only regulate age-associated mechanisms but also modulate tumor suppressor pathways that influence carcinogenesis. In conclusion, understanding the molecular mechanisms of ageing may open new strategies to deal with the various diseases accompanying advanced age including cancer.

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  1. Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie/Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Deutschland

    E. Makrantonaki &  C.C. Zouboulis

  2. Laboratorium für Biogerontologie, Dermato-Pharmakologie und Dermato-Endokrinologie, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    E. Makrantonaki

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Correspondence to C.C. Zouboulis.

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Makrantonaki, E., Zouboulis, C. Molekulare Ätiologie der Hautalterung. Hautarzt 62, 582–587 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-011-2136-7

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