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Erschienen in: Der Hautarzt 4/2014

01.04.2014 | Leitthema

Maligne Tumoren des Nagelorgans

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. E. Haneke

Erschienen in: Die Dermatologie | Ausgabe 4/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Entsprechend den unterschiedlichen Geweben, die das Endglied von Fingern und Zehen aufbauen, gibt es sehr viele verschiedene Tumoren. Am häufigsten ist der Morbus Bowen, der meist als verruköse Veränderung bei Personen ab dem Alter von 40 Jahren auftritt. Hauptlokalisationen sind der laterale Nagelwall und das Nagelbett. Nach jahre- bis jahrzehntelangem Bestand ist der Übergang in ein invasives Plattenepithelkarzinom möglich. Dieses kann sich aber auch primär subungual entwickeln, meist als Onycholyse mit Nässen. Der zweithäufigste maligne Nageltumor ist das Melanom. Wenn es von der Matrix ausgeht, ist es meist pigmentiert, während Nagelbettmelanome überwiegend amelanotisch sind und oft als Unguis incarnatus bei älteren Personen imponieren. Therapie der Wahl ist bei in situ und früh invasiven Melanomen die großzügige Lokalexzision unter Erhalt der Endphalanx. Amputation ist nur bei fortgeschrittenen Melanomen indiziert. Neben den beiden häufigen ungualen Malignomen gibt es selten nagelspezifische Karzinome, maligne Gefäß- und Knochentumoren sowie andere Sarkome, Beteiligung im Rahmen von malignen Systemerkrankungen und Metastasen. Sie lassen sich in der Mehrzahl der Fälle nicht klinisch eindeutig diagnostizieren. Trotzdem muss an einen malignen Tumor gedacht werden bei allen umschriebenen, auf konservative Therapie nicht ansprechenden Nagelprozessen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Maligne Tumoren des Nagelorgans
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. E. Haneke
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Dermatologie / Ausgabe 4/2014
Print ISSN: 2731-7005
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7013
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-013-2705-z

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