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Neueste Behandlungsansätze bei chronischem Tinnitus

Newest therapeutic approaches for chronic tinnitus

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Zusammenfassung

Obwohl Tinnitus zumeist durch Schädigung der Haarzellen des Innenohrs primär peripher generiert wird, entstehen Belastung und Leiden erst durch die zentrale Verarbeitung und Vernetzung bei zerebraler Plastizität. Neuere Therapieansätze versuchen daher, diese Strukturen zu beeinflussen, sei es direkt durch magnetische Bestrahlung oder direkte und indirekte elektrische Stimulation. Auch akustische Stimulationen sind vorgestellt worden, mit Tönen oder veränderter Musik, sie müssen aber den oft bestehenden Hörverlust in die Rehabilitation einbeziehen. Wirksame Habituationstherapien arbeiten mit Hörtherapie, einem Ausgleich des Hörverlusts durch Hörgeräte und psychischer Stabilisierung. In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden die verschiedenen Therapieansätze vorgestellt.

Abstract

In the majority of cases, tinnitus derives primarily peripherally, from damage to hair cells in the inner ear; suffering and annoyance, however, are caused by central cortical processing and functional networks of cerebral plasticity. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches aim to influence these structures; whether it be directly by magnetic radiation, or via direct or indirect electrical stimulation. However, these methods can only be efficient if they can integrate and rehabilitate the existing hearing loss. Effective habituation therapies consist of hearing therapy, rehabilitation of hearing loss by hearing aids and psychosomatic stabilisation. In this review, different therapeutic approaches are described and valuated.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. G. Hesse gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Alle Patienten, die über Bildmaterial oder anderweitige Angaben innerhalb des Manuskripts zu identifizieren sind, haben hierzu ihre schriftliche Einwilligung gegeben. Im Falle von nicht mündigen Patienten liegt die Einwilligung eines Erziehungsberechtigen oder des gesetzlich bestellten Betreuers vor.

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  1. Tinnitus-Klinik am Krankenhaus Bad Arolsen, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Große Allee 50, 34454, Bad Arolsen, Deutschland

    G. Hesse

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Hesse, G. Neueste Behandlungsansätze bei chronischem Tinnitus. HNO 63, 283–290 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-014-2972-8

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