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Erschienen in: HNO 5/2017

07.03.2017 | Vestibularisschwannom | Leitthema

Intraoperative Funktionsüberwachung des N. facialis

Operationen an Vestibularisschwannomen

verfasst von: PD Dr. J. Prell, C. Strauss, S. K. Plontke, S. Rampp

Erschienen in: HNO | Ausgabe 5/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Bei Operationen an Vestibularisschwannomen gehören Schädigungen des N. facialis mit konsekutiven funktionellen Defiziten zu den bedeutendsten Komplikationen. Die intraoperative Funktionsüberwachung soll dazu dienen, diese Komplikation zu vermeiden.

Fragestellung

Welche Methoden zur intraoperativen Funktionsüberwachung haben sich entwickelt? Welche Methoden sind aktuell in Gebrauch, und welche Ziele können damit sinnvoll verfolgt werden?

Material und Methoden

Auswertung und Zusammenfassung der Literatur, Diskussion der vorhandenen Methoden und ihrer Fähigkeiten, die gesteckten Ziele zu erreichen.

Ergebnisse

Die intraoperative Funktionsüberwachung soll es ermöglichen, den N. facialis intraoperativ sicher zu identifizieren. Sie soll potenziell schädigende Ereignisse anzeigen und während der Operation eine Einschätzung über den zu erwartenden postoperativen Funktionszustand des Nervs erlauben. Zur Verfügung stehen die elektrische Direktstimulation, das freilaufende Elektromyogramm (EMG), evozierte Potenziale des N. facialis und das prozessierte EMG.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Identifikation und Verfolgung des Nervs im Operationssitus mittels der elektrischen Direktstimulation ist gut möglich. Potenziell schädigende Ereignisse können mit allen anderen Methoden in Echtzeit oder nahezu in Echtzeit angezeigt werden. Die intraoperative Prognostik wird derzeit aber bei allen verfügbaren Methoden durch falsch-positive Untersuchungsergebnisse belastet und ist nur bedingt verlässlich.
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Metadaten
Titel
Intraoperative Funktionsüberwachung des N. facialis
Operationen an Vestibularisschwannomen
verfasst von
PD Dr. J. Prell
C. Strauss
S. K. Plontke
S. Rampp
Publikationsdatum
07.03.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
HNO / Ausgabe 5/2017
Print ISSN: 0017-6192
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-017-0340-1

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