Rhinosinusitis | Leitlinie „Rhinosinusitis“ – Langfassung

1.

Kaplan A (2014) Canadian guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: clinical summary. Can Fam Physician 60(3):227–234PubMedPubMedCentral

2.

Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A, Yaphe J (2013) Intranasal steroids for acute sinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005149.pub4 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

3.

Lorenz A, Kuster I, Beule AG (2015) Nicht-allergische Rhinitis: Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Laryngorhinootologie 94(12):847–860 (quiz 861–862)PubMed

4.

Bernstein I (2000) Reply. J Allergy Clin Immunol 106(3):595–596

5.

Deckx L, de Sutter AIM, Guo L, Mir NA, van Driel ML (2016) Nasal decongestants in monotherapy for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD009612. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009612.pub2 CrossRefPubMed

6.

Barlan IB, Erkan E, Bakir M, Berrak S, Başaran MM (1997) Intranasal budesonide spray as an adjunct to oral antibiotic therapy for acute sinusitis in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 78(6):598–601PubMed

7.

Hayward G, Heneghan C, Perera R, Thompson M (2012) Intranasal corticosteroids in management of acute sinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Fam Med 10(3):241–249PubMedPubMedCentral

8.

Meltzer EO, Charous BL, Busse WW, Zinreich SJ, Lorber RR, Danzig MR (2000) Added relief in the treatment of acute recurrent sinusitis with adjunctive mometasone furoate nasal spray. The Nasonex Sinusitis Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol 106(4):630–637PubMed

9.

Meltzer EO, Bachert C, Staudinger H (2005) Treating acute rhinosinusitis: comparing efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate nasal spray, amoxicillin, and placebo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 116(6):1289–1295PubMed

10.

Dolor RJ, Witsell DL, Hellkamp AS, Williams JW, Califf RM, Simel DL (2001) Comparison of cefuroxime with or without intranasal fluticasone for the treatment of rhinosinusitis. The CAFFS trial: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 286(24):3097PubMed

11.

Nayak AS, Settipane GA, Pedinoff A, Charous B, Meltzer EO, Busse WW, Zinreich SJ, Lorber RR, Rikken G, Danzig MR (2002) Effective dose range of mometasone furoate nasal spray in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 89(3):271–278PubMed

12.

Bernstein I (2000) Is the use of benzalkonium chloride as a preservative for nasal formulations a safety concern? A cautionary note based on compromised mucociliary transport. J Allergy Clin Immunol 105(1):39–44PubMed

13.

Goodman Gilman A, Hardman JG (Hrsg) (1996) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 9. Aufl. McGraw-Hill, New York

14.

Taverner D, Latte J (2007) Nasal decongestants for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001953.pub3

15.

Roth RP, Cantekin EI, Bluestone CD, Welch RM, Cho YW (1977) Nasal decongestant activity of pseudoephedrine. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 86(2 Pt 1):235–242PubMed

16.

Buttner L, Achilles N, Bohm M, Shah-Hosseini K, Mosges R (2013) Efficacy and tolerability of bromelain in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis – a pilot study. B‑ENT 9(3):217–225PubMed

17.

Melen I, Friberg B, Andreasson L, Ivarsson A, Jannert M, Johansson CJ (1986) Effects of phenylpropanolamine on ostial and nasal patency in patients treated for chronic maxillary sinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol 101(5–6):494–500PubMed

18.

Wiklund L, Stierna P, Berglund R, Westrin KM, Tonnesson M (1994) The efficacy of oxymetazoline administered with a nasal bellows container and combined with oral phenoxymethyl-penicillin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 515:57–64PubMed

19.

Graf P, Hallen H, Juto JE (1995) Benzalkonium chloride in a decongestant nasal spray aggravates rhinitis medicamentosa in healthy volunteers. Clin Exp Allergy 25(5):395–400PubMed

20.

Graf P, Enerdal J, Hallen H (1999) Ten days’ use of oxymetazoline nasal spray with or without benzalkonium chloride in patients with vasomotor rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 125(10):1128–1132PubMed

21.

Graf P, Hallen H (1996) Effect on the nasal mucosa of long-term treatment with oxymetazoline, benzalkonium chloride, and placebo nasal sprays. Laryngoscope 106(5 Pt 1):605–609PubMed

22.

Berg OH, Henriksen RN, Steinsvag SK (1995) The effect of a benzalkonium chloride-containing nasal spray on human respiratory mucosa in vitro as a function of concentration and time of action. Pharmacol Toxicol 76(4):245–249PubMed

23.

Graf P (1999) Adverse effects of benzalkonium chloride on the nasal mucosa: allergic rhinitis and rhinitis medicamentosa. Clin Ther 21(10):1749–1755PubMed

24.

Gevorgyan A, Segboer C, Gorissen R, van Drunen CM, Fokkens W (2015) Capsaicin for non-allergic rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010591.pub2 CrossRefPubMed

25.

Hoza J, Salzman R, Starek I, Schalek P, Kellnerova R (2013) Efficacy and safety of erdosteine in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis – a pilot study. Rhinology 51(4):323–327PubMed

26.

Mehuys E, Gevaert P, Brusselle G, van Hees T, Adriaens E, Christiaens T, van Bortel L, van Tongelen I, Remon J, Boussery K (2014) Self-medication in persistent rhinitis: overuse of decongestants in half of the patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2(3):313–319PubMed

27.

Berger WE, Fineman SM, Lieberman P, Miles RM (1999) Double-blind trials of azelastine nasal spray monotherapy versus combination therapy with loratadine tablets and beclomethasone nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Rhinitis Study Groups. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 82(6):535–541PubMed

28.

Sylvester DC, Carr S, Nix P (2013) Maximal medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis: a survey of otolaryngology consultants in the United Kingdom. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 3(2):129–132PubMed

29.

Rondon C, Davila I, Navarro Pulido AM, Sanchez MC, Montoro J, Matheu V, Lluch-Bernal M, Fernandez-Parra B, Ibanez MD, Dordal MT, Colas C, Anton E, Valero A (2015) Clinical management and use of health care resources in the treatment of nasal polyposis in Spanish allergy centers: the POLAR study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 25(4):276–282PubMed

30.

Bardaranfar MH, Ranjbar Z, Dadgarnia MH, Atighechi S, Mirvakili A, Behniafard N, Sadeghi M, Abbaslu F, Baradaranfar A (2014) The effect of an absorbable gelatin dressing impregnated with triamcinolone within the olfactory cleft on polypoid rhinosinusitis smell disorders. Am J Rhinol Allergy 28(2):172–175PubMed

31.

Sachanandani NS, Piccirillo JF, Kramper MA, Thawley SE, Vlahiotis A (2009) The effect of nasally administered budesonide respules on adrenal cortex function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135(3):303–307PubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Lund VJ, Black JH, Szabo LZ, Schrewelius C, Akerlund A (2004) Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide aqueous nasal spray in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Rhinology 42(2):57–62PubMed

33.

Mösges R, Heubach CP (2011) Wie ist die Evidenzlage bei der nicht-antibiotischen medikamentösen Therapie der Rhinosinusitis? Laryngorhinootologie 90(12):740–746PubMed

34.

Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Schilder AGM, Burton MJ (2016) Intranasal steroids versus placebo or no intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011996.pub2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Corren J, Storms W, Bernstein J, Berger W, Nayak A, Sacks H (2005) Effectiveness of azelastine nasal spray compared with oral cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Ther 27(5):543–553PubMed

36.

Ratau NP, Snyman JR, Swanepoel C (2004) Short-course, low-dose oral betamethasone as an adjunct in the treatment of acute infective sinusitis. A comparative study with placebo. Clin Drug Investig 24(10):577–582PubMed

37.

Cannoni M, Sambuc R, San Marco JL, Auquier P, Gorget C, Chiarelli P (1990) Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerance of prednisolone versus niflumic acid in the treatment of acute sinusitis in adults. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 107(4):276–281PubMed

38.

Venekamp RP, Bonten MJM, Rovers MM, Verheij TJM, Sachs APE (2012) Systemic corticosteroid monotherapy for clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 184(14):E751–E757PubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Williamson IG, Rumsby K, Benge S, Moore M, Smith PW, Cross M, Little P (2007) Antibiotics and topical nasal steroid for treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 298(21):2487–2496PubMed

40.

Venekamp RP, Thompson MJ, Hayward G, Heneghan CJ, Del Mar CB, Perera R, Glasziou PP, Rovers MM (2014) Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008115.pub3 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Gehanno P, Beauvillain C, Bobin S, Chobaut JC, Desaulty A, Dubreuil C, Klossek JM, Pessey JJ, Peyramond D, Strunski A, Chastang C (2000) Short therapy with amoxicillin-clavulanate and corticosteroids in acute sinusitis: results of a multicentre study in adults. Scand J Infect Dis 32(6):679–684PubMed

42.

Braun JJ, Alabert JP, Michel FB, Quiniou M, Rat C, Cougnard J, Czarlewski W, Bousquet J (1997) Adjunct effect of loratadine in the treatment of acute sinusitis in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy 52(6):650–655PubMed

43.

Hampel FC Jr, Martin BG, Dolen J, Travers S, Karcher K, Holton D (1999) Efficacy and safety of levocabastine nasal spray for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol 13(1):55–62PubMed

44.

Qvarnberg Y, Kantola O, Salo J, Toivanen M, Valtonen H, Vuori E (1992) Influence of topical steroid treatment on maxillary sinusitis. Rhinology 30(2):103–112PubMed

45.

Klossek J, Desmonts-Gohler C, Deslandes B, Coriat F, Bordure P, Dubreuil C, Gehanno P, Gilain L, Jankowski R, Serrano E, Stoll D (2004) Treatment of functional signs of acute maxillary rhinosinusitis in adults. Efficacy and tolerance of administration of oral prednisone for 3 days. Presse Med 33(5):303–309PubMed

46.

van Loon JWL, van Harn RP, Venekamp RP, Kaper NM, Sachs APE, van der Heijden GJMG (2013) Limited evidence for effects of intranasal corticosteroids on symptom relief for recurrent acute rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 149(5):668–673PubMed

47.

Grobler A, Weitzel EK, Buele A, Jardeleza C, Cheong YC, Field J, Wormald P (2008) Pre- and postoperative sinus penetration of nasal irrigation. Laryngoscope 118(11):2078–2081PubMed

48.

Beule A, Athanasiadis T, Athanasiadis E, Field J, Wormald P (2009) Efficacy of different techniques of sinonasal irrigation after modified Lothrop procedure. Am J Rhinol Allergy 23(1):85–90PubMed

49.

Passali FM, Crisanti A, Passali GC, Cianfrone F, Bocchi M, Messineo G, Bellussi L, Passali D (2008) Efficacy of inhalation therapy with water of Salsomaggiore (Italy) in chronic and recurrent nasosinusal inflammation treatment. Clin Ter 159(3):175–180PubMed

50.

Ottaviano G, Marioni G, Staffieri C, Giacomelli L, Marchese-Ragona R, Bertolin A, Staffieri A (2011) Effects of sulfurous, salty, bromic, iodic thermal water nasal irrigations in nonallergic chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical, and cytological study. Am J Otolaryngol 32(3):235–239PubMed

51.

Passali D, Lauriello M, Passali GC, Passali FM, Cassano M, Cassano P, Bellussi L (2008) Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of Salsomaggiore (Italy) thermal water in the treatment of rhinosinusal pathologies. Clin Ter 159(3):181–188PubMed

52.

Low TH, Woods CM, Ullah S, Carney AS (2014) A double-blind randomized controlled trial of normal saline, lactated Ringer’s, and hypertonic saline nasal irrigation solution after endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol Allergy 28(3):225–231PubMed

53.

Yen H, Sun M, Lin C, Sung F, Wang C, Liang K (2015) Adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine therapy for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a population-based study. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 5(3):240–246PubMed

54.

Yakirevitch A, Bedrin L, Migirov L, Wolf M, Talmi YP (2009) Use of alternative medicine in Israeli chronic rhinosinusitis patients. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 38(4):517–520PubMed

55.

Keen M, Foreman A, Wormald P (2010) The clinical significance of nasal irrigation bottle contamination. Laryngoscope 120(10):2110–2114PubMed

56.

Cantone E, Castagna G, Sicignano S, Ferranti I, Rega F, Di Rubbo V, Iengo M (2014) Impact of intranasal sodium hyaluronate on the short-term quality of life of patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 4(6):484–487PubMed

57.

Weissman JD, Fernandez F, Hwang PH (2011) Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study. Laryngoscope 121(11):2468–2472PubMed

58.

Salami A, Dellepiane M, Strinati F, Guastini L, Mora R (2010) Sulphurous thermal water inhalations in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology 48(1):71–76PubMed

59.

Harvey R, Hannan SA, Badia L, Scadding G (2007) Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006394 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Rabago D, Zgierska A, Mundt M, Barrett B, Bobula J, Maberry R (2002) Efficacy of daily hypertonic saline nasal irrigation among patients with sinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Fam Pract 51(12):1049–1055PubMed

61.

Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Glew S, Scadding G, Burton MJ, Schilder AGM (2016) Saline irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011995.pub2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

62.

Cassandro E, Chiarella G, Cavaliere M, Sequino G, Cassandro C, Prasad SC, Scarpa A, Iemma M (2015) Hyaluronan in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 67(3):299–307PubMed

63.

Rabago D, Pasic T, Zgierska A, Mundt M, Barrett B, Maberry R (2005) The efficacy of hypertonic saline nasal irrigation for chronic sinonasal symptoms. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 133(1):3–8PubMed

64.

Salib RJ, Talpallikar S, Uppal S, Nair SB (2013) A prospective randomised single-blinded clinical trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of the nasal douching products Sterimar and Sinus Rinse following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Clin Otolaryngol 38(4):297–305PubMed

65.

Friedman M, Hamilton C, Samuelson CG, Maley A, Wilson MN, Venkatesan TK, Joseph NJ (2012) Dead Sea salt irrigations vs saline irrigations with nasal steroids for symptomatic treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized, prospective double-blind study. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2(3):252–257PubMed

66.

Friedman M, Vidyasagar R, Joseph N (2006) A randomized, prospective, double-blind study on the efficacy of dead sea salt nasal irrigations. Laryngoscope 116(6):878–882PubMed

67.

Kim C, Hyun Song M, Eun Ahn Y, Lee J, Yoon J (2005) Effect of hypo-, iso- and hypertonic saline irrigation on secretory mucins and morphology of cultured human nasal epithelial cells. Acta Otolaryngol 125(12):1296–1300PubMed

68.

van den Berg JWG, de Nier LM, Kaper NM, Schilder AGM, Venekamp RP, Grolman W, van der Heijden GJMG (2014) Limited evidence: higher efficacy of nasal saline irrigation over nasal saline spray in chronic rhinosinusitis – an update and reanalysis of the evidence base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 150(1):16–21PubMed

69.

Pynnonen MA, Mukerji SS, Kim HM, Adams ME, Terrell JE (2007) Nasal saline for chronic sinonasal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 133(11):1115–1120PubMed

70.

Federspil P, Wulkow R, Zimmermann T (1997) Wirkung von Myrtol standardisiert bei der Therapie der akuten Sinusitis – Ergebnisse einer doppelblinden, randomisierten Multicenterstudie gegen Plazebo. Laryngorhinootologie 76(1):23–27PubMed

71.

Laszig R, Hesse G, Lütgebrune T (1989) Die Behandlung der akuten Sinusitis mit Sekretolytika. Z Allg Med 65:19–21

72.

Jund R, Mondigler M, Stammer H, Stierna P, Bachert C (2015) Herbal drug BNO 1016 is safe and effective in the treatment of acute viral rhinosinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol 135(1):42–50PubMedPubMedCentral

73.

Melzer J, Saller R, Schapowal A, Brignoli R (2006) Systematic review of clinical data with BNO-101 (Sinupret) in the treatment of sinusitis. Forsch Komplementmed 13(2):78–87PubMed

74.

Jund R, Mondigler M, Steindl H, Stammer H, Stierna P, Bachert C (2012) Clinical efficacy of a dry extract of five herbal drugs in acute viral rhinosinusitis. Rhinology 50(4):417–426PubMed

75.

Kehrl W, Sonnemann U, Dethlefsen U (2004) Therapy for acute nonpurulent rhinosinusitis with cineole: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Laryngoscope 114(4):738–742PubMed

76.

Ryan RE (1967) A double-blind clinical evaluation of bromelains in the treatment of acute sinusitis. Headache 7(1):13–17PubMed

77.

Seltzer AP (1967) Adjunctive use of bromelains in sinusitis: a controlled study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon 46(10):1281–1288PubMed

78.

Timmer A, Gunther J, Motschall E, Rucker G, Antes G, Kern WV (2013) Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006323.pub3 CrossRefPubMed

79.

Tesche S, Metternich F, Sonnemann U, Engelke J, Dethlefsen U (2008) The value of herbal medicines in the treatment of acute non-purulent rhinosinusitis. Results of a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 265(11):1355–1359PubMed

80.

Bachert C, Schapowal A, Funk P, Kieser M (2009) Treatment of acute rhinosinusitis with the preparation from pelargonium sidoides EPs 7630: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rhinology 47(1):51–58PubMed

81.

Ernst E, Marz RW, Sieder C (1997) Acute bronchitis: effectiveness of Sinupret. Comparative study with common expectorants in 3,187 patients. Fortschr Med 115(11):52–53PubMed

82.

Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY, Schwartz SR, Baroody FM, Bonner JR, Dawson DE, Dykewicz MS, Hackell JM, Han JK, Ishman SL, Krouse HJ, Malekzadeh S, Mims JWW, Omole FS, Reddy WD, Wallace DV, Walsh SA, Warren BE, Wilson MN, Nnacheta LC (2015) Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 152(1 Suppl):S1–S43PubMed

83.

Nayak C, Singh V, Singh VP, Oberai P, Roja V, Shitanshu SS, Sinha MN, Deewan D, Lakhera BC, Ramteke S, Kaushik S, Sarkar S, Mandal NR, Mohanan PG, Singh JR, Biswas S, Mathew G (2012) Homeopathy in chronic sinusitis: a prospective multi-centric observational study. Homeopathy 101(2):84–91PubMed

84.

Suh JD, Wu AW, Taw MB, Nguyen C, Wang MB (2012) Treatment of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with integrative East-West medicine: a pilot study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 138(3):294–300PubMed

85.

Albrecht T, Wu S, Baumann I, Plinkert PK, Sertel S (2015) Measurable impact of acupuncture on mucosal swelling of inferior turbinates: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Acta Otolaryngol 135(2):169–176PubMed

86.

Kim J, Choi J, Lee MS, Kim T, Kim A, Jung S, Shin M, Kim KH (2010) Acupuncture for improving chronic rhinosinusitis complicated with persistent allergic rhinitis. A prospective observational study. Forsch Komplementmed 17(6):333–335PubMed

87.

Gerlof H (2014) Bionorica weiter auf Wachstumskurs. http://www.aerztezeitung.de/praxis_wirtschaft/unternehmen/article/856678/erfolgreiche-strategie-bionorica-weiter-wachstumskurs.html. Zugegriffen: 24. Sept. 2016

88.

Richstein A, Mann W (1980) Zur Behandlung der chronischen Sinusitis mit Sinupret. Ther Ggw 9(119):4–7

89.

Neubauer N, März RW (1994) Placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind clinical trial with Sinupret® sugar coated tablets on the basis of a therapy with antibiotics and decongestant nasal drops in acute sinusitis. Phytomedicine 1(3):177–181PubMed

90.

Pfaar O, Mullol J, Anders C, Hormann K, Klimek L (2012) Cyclamen europaeum nasal spray, a novel phytotherapeutic product for the management of acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rhinology 50(1):37–44PubMed

91.

Guo R, Canter PH, Ernst E (2006) Herbal medicines for the treatment of rhinosinusitis: a systematic review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135(4):496–506PubMed

92.

Mösges R, Bachert C, Rudack C, Hauswald B, Klimek L, Spaeth J, Rasp G, Vent J, Hormann K (2011) Efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate nasal spray in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Adv Ther 28(3):238–249PubMed

93.

de Bock GH, Dekker FW, Stolk J, Springer MP, Kievit J, van Houwelingen JC (1997) Antimicrobial treatment in acute maxillary sinusitis. A meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 50(8):881–890PubMed

94.

Piccirillo JF, Mager DE, Frisse ME, Brophy RH, Goggin A (2001) Impact of first-line vs second-line antibiotics for the treatment of acute uncomplicated sinusitis. JAMA 286(15):1849–1856PubMed

95.

Lindbaek M, Hjortdahl P, Johnsen UL (1996) Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of penicillin V and amoxycillin in treatment of acute sinus infections in adults. BMJ 313(7053):325–329PubMedPubMedCentral

96.

Wald ER, Chiponis D, Ledesma-Medina J (1986) Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in acute paranasal sinus infections in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 77(6):795–800PubMed

97.

Williams JW Jr, Aguilar C, Cornell J, Chiquette ED, Makela M, Holleman DR, Simel DL (2003) Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000243 CrossRefPubMed

98.

Hansen JG (2001) Persönliche Mittelung

99.

Head K, Chong LY, Piromchai P, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Schilder AGM, Burton MJ (2016) Systemic and topical antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011994.pub2

100.

Haxel BR, Clemens M, Karaiskaki N, Dippold U, Kettern L, Mann WJ (2015) Controlled trial for long-term low-dose erythromycin after sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 125(5):1048–1055PubMed

101.

Kaper NM, Breukel L, Venekamp RP, Grolman W, van der Heijden GJMG (2013) Absence of evidence for enhanced benefit of antibiotic therapy on recurrent acute rhinosinusitis episodes: a systematic review of the evidence base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 149(5):664–667PubMed

102.

Jones NS, Walker JL, Bassi S, Jones T, Punt J (2002) The intracranial complications of rhinosinusitis: can they be prevented? Laryngoscope 112(1):59–63PubMed

103.

Theis J, Oubichon T (2003) Are antibiotics helpful for acute maxillary sinusitis? J Fam Pract 6(52):485–497

104.

Axelsson A, Chidekel N, Grebelius N, Jensen C (1970) Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. A comparison of four different methods. Acta Otolaryngol 70(1):71–76PubMed

105.

Laine K, Maatta T, Varonen H, Makela M (1998) Diagnosing acute maxillary sinusitis in primary care: a comparison of ultrasound, clinical examination and radiography. Rhinology 36(1):2–6PubMed

106.

Varonen H, Kunnamo I, Savolainen S, Makela M, Revonta M, Ruotsalainen J, Malmberg H (2003) Treatment of acute rhinosinusitis diagnosed by clinical criteria or ultrasound in primary care. A placebo-controlled randomised trial. Scand J Prim Health Care 21(2):121–126PubMed

107.

Merenstein D, Whittaker C, Chadwell T, Wegner B, D’Amico F (2005) Are antibiotics beneficial for patients with sinusitis complaints? A randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Fam Pract 54(2):144–151PubMed

108.

Rizk H (2011) Role of aspirin desensitization in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 19(3):210–217PubMed

109.

Lemiengre MB, van Driel ML, Merenstein D, Young J, De Sutter AIM (2012) Antibiotics for clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006089.pub4 CrossRefPubMed

110.

Rantanen T, Arvilommi H (1973) Double-blind trial of doxicycline in acute maxillary sinusitis. A clinical and bacteriological study. Acta Otolaryngol 76(1):58–62PubMed

111.

Kaiser L, Morabia A, Stalder H, Ricchetti A, Auckenthaler R, Terrier F, Hirschel B, Khaw N, Lacroix JS, Lew D (2001) Role of nasopharyngeal culture in antibiotic prescription for patients with common cold or acute sinusitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20(7):445–451PubMed

112.

Bjerrum L, Gahrn-Hansen B, Munck AP (2004) C‑reactive protein measurement in general practice may lead to lower antibiotic prescribing for sinusitis. Br J Gen Pract 54(506):659–662PubMedPubMedCentral

113.

Lindbaek M, Johnsen UL, Kaastad E, Dolvik S, Moll P, Laerum E, Hjortdahl P (1996) CT findings in general practice patients with suspected acute sinusitis. Acta Radiol 37(5):708–713PubMed

114.

Norrelund N (1978) Treatment of sinusitis in general practice. A controlled investigation of pivampicillin (Pondocillin). Ugeskr Laeger 140(45):2792–2795PubMed

115.

Kristo A, Uhari M, Luotonen J, Ilkko E, Koivunen P, Alho O (2005) Cefuroxime axetil versus placebo for children with acute respiratory infection and imaging evidence of sinusitis: a randomized, controlled trial. Acta Paediatr 94(9):1208–1213PubMed

116.

Keerl R, Weber R, Drees G, Draf W (1996) Individuelle Lernkurven der endonasalen mikro-endoskopischen Pansinusoperation. Laryngorhinootologie 75(6):338–343PubMed

117.

Alkire BC, Bhattacharyya N (2010) An assessment of sinonasal anatomic variants potentially associated with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 120(3):631–634PubMed

118.

Marple BF, Stankiewicz JA, Baroody FM, Chow JM, Conley DB, Corey JP, Ferguson BJ, Kern RC, Lusk RP, Naclerio RM, Orlandi RR, Parker MJ (2009) Diagnosis and management of chronic rhinosinusitis in adults. Postgrad Med 121(6):121–139PubMed

119.

Di Cicco M, Alicandro G, Claut L, Cariani L, Luca N, Defilippi G, Costantini D, Colombo C (2014) Efficacy and tolerability of a new nasal spray formulation containing hyaluronate and tobramycin in cystic fibrosis patients with bacterial rhinosinusitis. J Cyst Fibros 13(4):455–460PubMed

120.

Rimmer J, Fokkens W, Chong LY, Hopkins C (2014) Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006991.pub2 CrossRefPubMed

121.

Poetker DM, Litvack JR, Mace JC, Smith TL (2008) Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis: presentation and outcomes of sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol 22(3):329–333PubMed

122.

Venekamp R, De Sutter A, Sachs A, Bons S, Wiersma T, De Jongh E (2014) NHG-Standaard Acute rhinosinusitis M33. (derde herziening). Huisarts Wet 57(10):537

123.

Desrosiers M, Evans GA, Keith PK, Wright ED, Kaplan A, Bouchard J, Ciavarella A, Doyle PW, Javer AR, Leith ES, Mukherji A, Schellenberg RR, Small P, Witterick IJ (2011) Canadian clinical practice guidelines for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 7(1):2PubMedPubMedCentral

124.

Reinert S, Krimmel M (2014) Therapie odontogener Kieferhöhlenerkrankungen. MKG Chir 7(3):195–205

125.

Weber RK (2015) Aktueller Stand der endonasalen Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie. Laryngorhinootologie 94(Suppl 1):S64–S142PubMed

126.

Lambrecht JT (1995) Odontogenic diseases of the maxillary sinuses. Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir 40:106–113PubMed

127.

Wijewickrama RC, Catalano PJ, Gupta R, Willen SN, More Y, Jonnalagadda S, Warman M (2013) Efficacy of targeted middle meatal antibiotics and endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol Allergy 27(4):329–332PubMed

128.

Luo Q, Deng J, Xu R, Zuo K, Li H, Shi J (2014) Clinical effect of clarithromycin therapy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 49(2):103–108PubMed

129.

Zeng M, Long X, Cui Y, Liu Z (2011) Comparison of efficacy of mometasone furoate versus clarithromycin in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in Chinese adults. Am J Rhinol Allergy 25(6):e203–e207PubMed

130.

Majima Y, Kurono Y, Hirakawa K, Ichimura K, Haruna S, Suzaki H, Kawauchi H, Takeuchi K, Naito K, Kase Y, Harada T, Moriyama H (2012) Efficacy of combined treatment with S‑carboxymethylcysteine (carbocisteine) and clarithromycin in chronic rhinosinusitis patients without nasal polyp or with small nasal polyp. Auris Nasus Larynx 39(1):38–47PubMed

131.

Videler WJ, Badia L, Harvey RJ, Gane S, Georgalas C, van der Meulen FW, Menger DJ, Lehtonen MT, Toppila-Salmi SK, Vento SI, Hytonen M, Hellings PW, Kalogjera L, Lund VJ, Scadding G, Mullol J, Fokkens WJ (2011) Lack of efficacy of long-term, low-dose azithromycin in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. Allergy 66(11):1457–1468PubMed

132.

Fan Y, Xu R, Hong H, Luo Q, Xia W, Ding M, Shi J, Lv M, Li H (2014) High and low doses of clarithromycin treatment are associated with different clinical efficacies and immunomodulatory properties in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Laryngol Otol 128(3):236–241PubMed

133.

Wallwork B, Coman W, Mackay-Sim A, Greiff L, Cervin A (2006) A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of macrolide in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 116(2):189–193PubMed

134.

Jervis-Bardy J, Boase S, Psaltis A, Foreman A, Wormald P (2012) A randomized trial of mupirocin sinonasal rinses versus saline in surgically recalcitrant staphylococcal chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 122(10):2148–2153PubMed

135.

Uren B, Psaltis A, Wormald P (2008) Nasal lavage with mupirocin for the treatment of surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 118(9):1677–1680PubMed

136.

Videler WJM, van Drunen CM, Reitsma JB, Fokkens WJ (2008) Nebulized bacitracin/colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study. Rhinology 46(2):92–98PubMed

137.

Piromchai P, Thanaviratananich S, Laopaiboon M (2011) Systemic antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008233.pub2 CrossRefPubMed

138.

Woodhouse BM, Cleveland KW (2011) Nebulized antibiotics for the treatment of refractory bacterial chronic rhinosinusitis. Ann Pharmacother 45(6):798–802PubMed

139.

Snidvongs K, Kalish L, Sacks R, Sivasubramaniam R, Cope D, Harvey RJ (2013) Sinus surgery and delivery method influence the effectiveness of topical corticosteroids for chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 27(3):221–233PubMedPubMedCentral

140.

Lal D, Hwang PH (2011) Oral corticosteroid therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis: a systematic review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 1(2):136–143PubMed

141.

Snidvongs K, Kalish L, Sacks R, Craig JC, Harvey RJ (2011) Topical steroid for chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009274 CrossRefPubMed

142.

Thamboo A, Manji J, Szeitz A, Santos RD, Hathorn I, Gan EC, Alsaleh S, Javer AR (2014) The safety and efficacy of short-term budesonide delivered via mucosal atomization device for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 4(5):397–402PubMed

143.

Han JK, Forwith KD, Smith TL, Kern RC, Brown WJ, Miller SK, Ow RA, Poetker DM, Karanfilov B, Matheny KE, Stambaugh J, Gawlicka AK (2014) RESOLVE: a randomized, controlled, blinded study of bioabsorbable steroid-eluting sinus implants for in-office treatment of recurrent sinonasal polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 4(11):861–870PubMed

144.

Hansen FS, Djupesland PG, Fokkens WJ (2010) Preliminary efficacy of fluticasone delivered by a novel device in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology 48(3):292–299PubMed

145.

Smith TL, Sautter NB (2014) Is montelukast indicated for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis? Laryngoscope 124(8):1735–1736PubMed

146.

Wentzel JL, Soler ZM, DeYoung K, Nguyen SA, Lohia S, Schlosser RJ (2013) Leukotriene antagonists in nasal polyposis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Am J Rhinol Allergy 27(6):482–489PubMedPubMedCentral

147.

Ueda T (2003) Efficacy of combined drug therapy using a macrolide antibiotic and an antihistamine for adult patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis. Jpn J Antibiot 56(Suppl A):162–165PubMed

148.

Parikh A, Scadding GK, Darby Y, Baker RC (2001) Topical corticosteroids in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray. Rhinology 39(2):75–79PubMed

149.

Dautremont JF, Rudmik L (2015) When are we operating for chronic rhinosinusitis? A systematic review of maximal medical therapy protocols prior to endoscopic sinus surgery. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 5(12):1095–1103PubMed

150.

Matheny KE, Jr Carter KB, Tseng EY, Fong KJ (2014) Safety, feasibility, and efficacy of placement of steroid-eluting bioabsorbable sinus implants in the office setting: a prospective case series. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 4(10):808–815PubMed

151.

Vaidyanathan S, Barnes M, Williamson P, Hopkinson P, Donnan PT, Lipworth B (2011) Combined oral and intranasal corticosteroid therapy for nasal polyps. Ann Intern Med 155(4):277–278PubMed

152.

Hissaria P, Smith W, Wormald PJ, Taylor J, Vadas M, Gillis D, Kette F (2006) Short course of systemic corticosteroids in sinonasal polyposis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with evaluation of outcome measures. J Allergy Clin Immunol 118(1):128–133PubMed

153.

Kirtsreesakul V, Wongsritrang K, Ruttanaphol S (2012) Does oral prednisolone increase the efficacy of subsequent nasal steroids in treating nasal polyposis? Am J Rhinol Allergy 26(6):455–462PubMedPubMedCentral

154.

Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Burton MJ, Schilder AGM (2016) Different types of intranasal steroids for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011993.pub2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

155.

Head K, Chong LY, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Burton MJ, Schilder AGM (2016) Short-course oral steroids alone for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011991.pub2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

156.

van Zele T, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Beule A, Wormald PJ, Mayr S, Hens G, Hellings P, Ebbens FA, Fokkens W, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C (2010) Oral steroids and doxycycline: two different approaches to treat nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125(5):1069–1076.e4PubMed

157.

Wang C, Lou H, Wang X, Wang Y, Fan E, Li Y, Wang H, Bachert C, Zhang L (2015) Effect of budesonide transnasal nebulization in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135(4):922–929.e6PubMed

158.

Reychler G, Colbrant C, Huart C, Le Guellec S, Vecellio L, Liistro G, Rombaux P (2015) Effect of three-drug delivery modalities on olfactory function in chronic sinusitis. Laryngoscope 125(3):549–555PubMed

159.

Vendelo Johansen L, Illum P, Kristensen S, Winther L, Vang Petersen S, Synnerstad B (1993) The effect of budesonide (Rhinocort) in the treatment of small and medium-sized nasal polyps. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 18(6):524–527PubMed

160.

Bülbül T, Bülbül OG, Guclu O, Bilsel AS, Gursan SO (2013) Effect of glucocorticoids on nasal polyposis, with detection of inflammatory response by measurement of nitric oxide levels in nasal polyp tissue. J Laryngol Otol 127(6):584–589PubMed

161.

Head K, Chong LY, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Schilder AGM, Burton MJ (2016) Short-course oral steroids as an adjunct therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011992.pub2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

162.

Klimek L, Dollner R, Pfaar O, Mullol J (2014) Aspirin desensitization: useful treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 14(6):441PubMed

163.

Umbreit C, Virchow JC, Thorn C, Hormann K, Klimek L, Pfaar O (2010) Aspirin-Intolerance-Syndrom. A common and interdisciplinary disease. Internist (Berl) 51(9):1196–1198 (1200–1201)

164.

Klimek L, Pfaar O (2009) Aspirin intolerance: Does desensitization alter the course of the disease? Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 29(4):669–675PubMed

165.

Xiong M, Peng G, Yang C, Lai H, Wang J (2013) Quadrupedal head position enhances recovery from chronic maxillary sinusitis. Am J Otolaryngol 34(5):496–500PubMed

166.

Randerath WJ, Galetke W (2007) Differenzialdiagnose der rezidivierenden Polyposis nasi. Dtsch Arztebl Int 104(46):A-3178

167.

Weber R, Trautmann A, Randerath W, Heppt W, Hosemann W (2012) ASS-Toleranzinduktion. Therapieoption bei Patienten mit analgetikainduzierter Erkrankung der Atemwege. HNO 60(4):369–383PubMed

168.

Lee JY, Simon RA, Stevenson DD (2007) Selection of aspirin dosages for aspirin desensitization treatment in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 119(1):157–164PubMed

169.

Havel M, Ertl L, Braunschweig F, Markmann S, Leunig A, Gamarra F, Kramer MF (2013) Sinonasal outcome under aspirin desensitization following functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with aspirin triad. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 270(2):571–578PubMed

170.

Fruth K, Pogorzelski B, Schmidtmann I, Springer J, Fennan N, Fraessdorf N, Boessert A, Schaefer D, Gosepath J, Mann WJ (2013) Low-dose aspirin desensitization in individuals with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Allergy 68(5):659–665PubMed

171.

Comert S, Celebioglu E, Yucel T, Erdogan T, Karakaya G, Onerci M, Kalyoncu AF (2013) Aspirin 300 mg/day is effective for treating aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Allergy 68(11):1443–1451PubMed

172.

Rozsasi A, Polzehl D, Deutschle T, Smith E, Wiesmiller K, Riechelmann H, Keck T (2008) Long-term treatment with aspirin desensitization: a prospective clinical trial comparing 100 and 300 mg aspirin daily. Allergy 63(9):1228–1234PubMed

173.

Khalil Y, Tharwat A, Abdou AG, Essa E, Elsawy AH, Elnakib O, Elnaidany NF (2011) The role of antifungal therapy in the prevention of recurrent allergic fungal rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, controlled study. Ear Nose Throat J 90(8):E1–E7PubMed

174.

Pinto JM, Mehta N, DiTineo M, Wang J, Baroody FM, Naclerio RM (2010) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of anti-IgE for chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology 48(3):318–324PubMed

175.

Gevaert P, Calus L, van Zele T, Blomme K, de Ruyck N, Bauters W, Hellings P, Brusselle G, de Bacquer D, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C (2013) Omalizumab is effective in allergic and nonallergic patients with nasal polyps and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131(1):110–116.e1PubMed

176.

Guglielmo M, Gulotta C, Mancini F, Sacchi M, Tarantini F (2009) Recalcitrant nasal polyposis: achievement of total remission following treatment with omalizumab. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 19(2):158–159PubMed

177.

Schaper C, Noga O, Koch B, Ewert R, Felix SB, Glaser S, Kunkel G, Gustavus B (2011) Anti-inflammatory properties of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist in patients with asthma and nasal polyposis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 21(1):51–58PubMed

178.

Stewart RA, Ram B, Hamilton G, Weiner J, Kane KJ (2008) Montelukast as an adjunct to oral and inhaled steroid therapy in chronic nasal polyposis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 139(5):682–687PubMed

179.

Gevaert P, Lang-Loidolt D, Lackner A, Stammberger H, Staudinger H, van Zele T, Holtappels G, Tavernier J, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C (2006) Nasal IL-5 levels determine the response to anti-IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 118(5):1133–1141PubMed

180.

Liang K, Su M, Shiao J, Tseng H, Hsin C, Lin J, Jiang R (2008) Amphotericin B irrigation for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Am J Rhinol 22(1):52–58PubMed

181.

Gerlinger I, Fittler A, Fonai F, Patzko A, Mayer A, Botz L (2009) Postoperative application of amphotericin B nasal spray in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, with a review of the antifungal therapy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 266(6):847–855PubMed

182.

Ebbens FA, Georgalas C, Luiten S, van Drunen CM, Badia L, Scadding GK, Hellings PW, Jorissen M, Mullol J, Cardesin A, Bachert C, van Zele TPJ, Lund VJ, Fokkens WJ (2009) The effect of topical amphotericin B on inflammatory markers in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Laryngoscope 119(2):401–408PubMed

183.

Gevaert P, van Bruaene N, Cattaert T, van Steen K, van Zele T, Acke F, de Ruyck N, Blomme K, Sousa AR, Marshall RP, Bachert C (2011) Mepolizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb, as a treatment option for severe nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128(5):989–995.e8PubMed

184.

Gerlinger I, Fittler A (2010) In reference to the effect of topical amphotericin B on inflammatory markers in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Laryngoscope 120(1):210–212 (author reply 213–214)PubMed

185.

Mafee MF, Tran BH, Chapa AR (2006) Imaging of rhinosinusitis and its complications. Plain film, CT, and MRI. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 30(3):165–186PubMed

186.

Hoxworth JM, Glastonbury CM (2010) Orbital and intracranial complications of acute sinusitis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 20(4):511–526PubMed

187.

Younis RT, Anand VK, Davidson B (2002) The role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with sinusitis with complications. Laryngoscope 112(2):224–229PubMed

188.

Shapiro GG, Furukawa CT, Pierson WE, Gilbertson E, Bierman CW (1986) Blinded comparison of maxillary sinus radiography and ultrasound for diagnosis of sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 77(1 Pt 1):59–64PubMed

189.

Setzen G, Ferguson BJ, Han JK, Rhee JS, Cornelius RS, Froum SJ, Gillman GS, Houser SM, Krakovitz PR, Monfared A, Palmer JN, Rosbe KW, Setzen M, Patel MM (2012) Clinical consensus statement: appropriate use of computed tomography for paranasal sinus disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 147(5):808–816PubMed

190.

Lau J, Zucker D, Engels EA, Balk E, Barza M, Terrin N, Devine D, Chew P, Lang T, Liu D (1999) Diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Evidence report/technology assessment no. 9. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville (Prepared by Tufts-New England medical center evidence-based practice center under contract no. 290-08-0019)

191.

McAlister WH, Lusk R, Muntz HR (1989) Comparison of plain radiographs and coronal CT scans in infants and children with recurrent sinusitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 153(6):1259–1264PubMed

192.

Zinreich SJ, Kennedy DW, Rosenbaum AE, Gayler BW, Kumar AJ, Stammberger H (1987) Paranasal sinuses: CT imaging requirements for endoscopic surgery. Radiology 163(3):769–775PubMed

193.

Iinuma T, Hirota Y, Kase Y (1994) Radio-opacity of the paranasal sinuses. Conventional views and CT. Rhinology 32(3):134–136PubMed

194.

Engels EA, Terrin N, Barza M, Lau J (2000) Meta-analysis of diagnostic tests for acute sinusitis. J Clin Epidemiol 53(8):852–862PubMed

195.

de Bock GH, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Springer MP, Kievit J, van Houwelingen JC (1994) Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests in acute maxillary sinusitis determined by maximum likelihood in the absence of an external standard. J Clin Epidemiol 47(12):1343–1352PubMed

196.

Rohr AS, Spector SL, Siegel SC, Katz RM, Rachelefsky GS (1986) Correlation between A‑mode ultrasound and radiography in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 78(1 Pt 1):58–61PubMed

197.

Min YG, Jung HW, Kim HS, Park SK, Yoo KY (1996) Prevalence and risk factors of chronic sinusitis in Korea: results of a nationwide survey. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 253(7):435–439PubMed

198.

Cho Y, Choi S, Park KH, Park HJ, Kim J, Moon IJ, Rhee C, Kim KS, Sun D, Lee SH, Koo J, Koh YW, Lee KH, Lee SW, Oh KW, Pyo EY, Lee A, Kim YT, Lee CH (2010) Prevalence of otolaryngologic diseases in South Korea: data from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2008. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 3(4):183–193PubMedPubMedCentral

199.

Gupta Y, Sinha R (2014) Role of anterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy and computed tomography in the detection of early polyposis of nasal mucosa. Int J Adv Health Sci 1(2):11–16

200.

Clayman GL, Adams GL, Paugh DR, Koopmann CF Jr (1991) Intracranial complications of paranasal sinusitis: a combined institutional review. Laryngoscope 101(3):234–239PubMed

201.

Lindbaek M, Hjortdahl P (2002) The clinical diagnosis of acute purulent sinusitis in general practice – a review. Br J Gen Pract 52(479):491–495PubMedPubMedCentral

202.

Kim YS, Kim NH, Seong SY, Kim KR, Lee G, Kim K (2011) Prevalence and risk factors of chronic rhinosinusitis in Korea. Am J Rhinol Allergy 25(3):117–121PubMed

203.

Berger G, Berger RL (2011) The contribution of flexible endoscopy for diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 268(2):235–240PubMed

204.

Wuister AMH, Goto NA, Oostveen EJ, de Jong WU, van der Valk ES, Kaper NM, Aarts MCJ, Grolman W, van der Heijden GJMG (2014) Nasal endoscopy is recommended for diagnosing adults with chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 150(3):359–364PubMed

205.

Benninger MS, Payne SC, Ferguson BJ, Hadley JA, Ahmad N (2006) Endoscopically directed middle meatal cultures versus maxillary sinus taps in acute bacterial maxillary rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 134(1):3–9PubMed

206.

Varonen H, Makela M, Savolainen S, Laara E, Hilden J (2000) Comparison of ultrasound, radiography, and clinical examination in the diagnosis of acute maxillary sinusitis: a systematic review. J Clin Epidemiol 53(9):940–948PubMed

207.

Lindbaek M, Hjortdahl P, Johnsen UL (1996) Use of symptoms, signs, and blood tests to diagnose acute sinus infections in primary care: comparison with computed tomography. Fam Med 28(3):183–188PubMed

208.

Savolainen S, Jousimies-Somer H, Karjalainen J, Ylikoski J (1997) Do simple laboratory tests help in etiologic diagnosis in acute maxillary sinusitis? Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 529:144–147PubMed

209.

Cals JWL, Schot MJC, de Jong SAM, Dinant G, Hopstaken RM (2010) Point-of-care C‑reactive protein testing and antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med 8(2):124–133PubMedPubMedCentral

210.

Young J, Bucher H, Tschudi P, Periat P, Hugenschmidt C, Welge-Lussen A (2003) The clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in general practice and its therapeutic consequences. J Clin Epidemiol 56(4):377–384PubMed

211.

Hirshoren N, Hirschenbein A, Eliashar R (2010) Risk stratification of severe acute rhinosinusitis unresponsive to oral antibiotics. Acta Otolaryngol 130(9):1065–1069PubMed

212.

Hansen JG (2014) Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). Diagnosis and treatment of adults in general practice. Dan Med J 61(2):B4801PubMed

213.

Huang Y, Chen R, Wu T, Wei X, Guo A (2013) Association between point-of-care CRP testing and antibiotic prescribing in respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary care studies. Br J Gen Pract 63(616):e787–e794PubMedPubMedCentral

214.

Carraro S, Gottardi G, Bonetto G, Baraldi E (2007) Exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma and sinusitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 18(Suppl 18):28–30PubMed

215.

Settipane RA, Borish L, Peters AT (2013) Chapter 16: Determining the role of allergy in sinonasal disease. Am J Rhinol Allergy 27(Suppl 1):S56–S58PubMedPubMedCentral

216.

Hansen JG, Schmidt H, Grinsted P (2000) Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of penicillin V in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in adults in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care 18(1):44–47PubMed

217.

Schuetz P, Muller B, Christ-Crain M, Stolz D, Tamm M, Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Wolff M, Chastre J, Tubach F, Kristoffersen KB, Burkhardt O, Welte T, Schroeder S, Nobre V, Wei L, Bhatnagar N, Bucher HC, Briel M (2012) Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007498.pub2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

218.

Aabenhus R, Jensen JS, Jorgensen KJ, Hrobjartsson A, Bjerrum L (2014) Biomarkers as point-of-care tests to guide prescription of antibiotics in patients with acute respiratory infections in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010130.pub2 CrossRefPubMed

219.

Smith SS, Ference EH, Evans CT, Tan BK, Kern RC, Chandra RK (2015) The prevalence of bacterial infection in acute rhinosinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope 125(1):57–69PubMed

220.

Batra PS, Setzen M, Li Y, Han JK, Setzen G (2015) Computed tomography imaging practice patterns in adult chronic rhinosinusitis: survey of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and American Rhinologic Society membership. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 5(6):506–512PubMed

221.

Dammann F (2007) Bildgebung der Nasennebenhöhlen (NNH) in der heutigen Zeit. Radiologe 47(7):576–583PubMed

222.

Amodu EJ, Fasunla AJ, Akano AO, Daud Olusesi A (2014) Chronic rhinosinusitis: correlation of symptoms with computed tomography scan findings. Pan Afr Med J 18:40PubMedPubMedCentral

223.

Daramola OO, Lidder AK, Ramli R, Chandra RK, Shintani-Smith S, Conley DB, Kern RC, Tan BK (2015) Patient knowledge and perception of computed tomography scan in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms. Laryngoscope 125(4):791–795PubMed

224.

Zojaji R, Naghibzadeh M, Mazloum Farsi Baf M, Nekooei S, Bataghva B, Noorbakhsh S (2015) Diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography in the evaluation of chronic rhinosinusitis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 77(1):55–60PubMed

225.

Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft (2015) AWMF Leitlinien der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft. Algorithmen für die Durchführung radiologischer Untersuchungen der Kopf-Hals-Region. http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/039-093l_S1_Radiologische_Diagnostik_Kopf_Hals-Bereich_2015-05.pdf. Zugegriffen: 27. Sept. 2016

226.

Al-Okshi A, Lindh C, Sale H, Gunnarsson M, Rohlin M (2015) Effective dose of cone beam CT (CBCT) of the facial skeleton: a systematic review. Br J Radiol 88(1045):20140658PubMed

227.

Ludlow JB, Timothy R, Walker C, Hunter R, Benavides E, Samuelson DB, Scheske MJ (2015) Effective dose of dental CBCT-a meta analysis of published data and additional data for nine CBCT units. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 44(1):20140197PubMed

228.

Zhang G, Marshall N, Bogaerts R, Jacobs R, Bosmans H (2013) Monte Carlo modeling for dose assessment in cone beam CT for oral and maxillofacial applications. Med Phys 40(7):72103

229.

Lang S, Jager L, Grevers G (2002) Zur Aussagefähigkeit koronarer Sekundärrekonstruktionen computertomographischer Sequenzen der Nasennebenhöhlen. Laryngorhinootologie 81(6):418–421PubMed

230.

Lell MM, May MS, Brand M, Eller A, Buder T, Hofmann E, Uder M, Wuest W (2015) Imaging the parasinus region with a third-generation dual-source CT and the effect of tin filtration on image quality and radiation dose. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36(7):1225–1230PubMedPubMedCentral

231.

Rajan JP, Wineinger NE, Stevenson DD, White AA (2015) Prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease among asthmatic patients: a meta-analysis of the literature. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135(3):676–681.e1PubMed

232.

Maresch G, Ulm C, Solar P, Watzek G (1999) Ursachen odontogener Kieferhöhlenentzündungen. HNO 47(8):748–755PubMed

233.

Krouse HJ, Krouse JH (2015) Samter’s triad to aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: historical perspective and current clinical practice. ORL Head Neck Nurs 33(4):14–18PubMed

234.

van Buchem L, Peeters M, Beaumont J, Knottnerus JA (1995) Acute maxillary sinusitis in general practice. The relation between clinical picture and objective findings. Eur J Gen Pract 1(4):155–160

235.

Jones NS (2002) CT of the paranasal sinuses: a review of the correlation with clinical, surgical and histopathological findings. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 27(1):11–17PubMed

236.

Troeltzsch M, Pache C, Troeltzsch M, Kaeppler G, Ehrenfeld M, Otto S, Probst F (2015) Etiology and clinical characteristics of symptomatic unilateral maxillary sinusitis: a review of 174 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 43(8):1522–1529PubMed

237.

Hastan D, Fokkens WJ, Bachert C, Newson RB, Bislimovska J, Bockelbrink A, Bousquet PJ, Brozek G, Bruno A, Dahlen SE, Forsberg B, Gunnbjornsdottir M, Kasper L, Kramer U, Kowalski ML, Lange B, Lundback B, Salagean E, Todo-Bom A, Tomassen P, Toskala E, van Drunen CM, Bousquet J, Zuberbier T, Jarvis D, Burney P (2011) Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe – an underestimated disease. A GA(2)LEN study. Allergy 66(9):1216–1223PubMed

238.

Beule AG (2015) Epidemiologie der chronischen Rhinosinusitis, ausgewählter Risikofaktoren und Komorbiditäten, und ihre ökonomischen Folgen. Laryngorhinootologie 94(Suppl 1):S1–S23PubMed

239.

Elies W, Bestehorn M, Thate-Waschke I (2007) Häufigkeit und Therapie der Sinusitis. Chemother J 16:167–175

240.

Tan BK, Schleimer RP, Kern RC (2010) Perspectives on the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 18(1):21–26PubMedPubMedCentral

241.

Bachert C, Holtappels G (2015) Pathophysiologie der chronischen Rhinosinusitis, konservative Therapieoptionen. Laryngorhinootologie 94(S 01):S32–S63PubMed

242.

Hansen JG, Schmidt H, Rosborg J, Lund E (1995) Predicting acute maxillary sinusitis in a general practice population. BMJ 311(6999):233–236PubMedPubMedCentral

243.

Stuck BA, Bachert C, Federspil P, Hosemann W, Klimek L, Mosges R, Pfaar O, Rudack C, Sitter H, Wagenmann M, Hormann K (2007) Leitlinie „Rhinosinusitis“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie. HNO 55(10):758–766PubMed

244.

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (2008) Leitlinien Rhinosinusitis. Version 01.08.2008. 053-012. http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/053-012.html. Zugegriffen: 27. Sept. 2016

245.

Stuck BA, Bachert C, Federspil P, Hosemann W, Klimek L, Mosges R, Pfaar O, Rudack C, Sitter H, Wagenmann M, Weber R, Hormann K (2012) Leitlinie „Rhinosinusitis“ – Langfassung. S2-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie. HNO 60(2):141–162PubMed

246.

Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (2001) Das Leitlinien-Manual von AWMF und ÄZQ. Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich 95:1–84

247.

Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (2012) Ständige Kommission Leitlinien. AWMF-Regelwerk „Leitlinien“. http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/awmf-regelwerk.html. Zugegriffen: 6. Apr. 2016

248.

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mund‑, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie Leitlinie Sinusitis maxillaris. (2008) Leitlinien-Detailansicht Sinusitis maxillaris. Version 01.04.2008. 007-086. http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/007-086.html. Zugegriffen: 27. Sept. 2016

249.

Hauer AJ, Luiten EL, van Erp NF, Blase PE, Aarts MCJ, Kaper NM, van der Heijden GJMG (2014) No evidence for distinguishing bacterial from viral acute rhinosinusitis using fever and facial/dental pain: a systematic review of the evidence base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 150(1):28–33PubMed

250.

Gwaltney JM Jr, Wiesinger BA, Patrie JT (2004) Acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis: the value of antimicrobial treatment and the natural history. Clin Infect Dis 38(2):227–233PubMed

251.

van den Broek MFM, Gudden C, Kluijfhout WP, Stam-Slob MC, Aarts MCJ, Kaper NM, van der Heijden GJMG (2014) No evidence for distinguishing bacterial from viral acute rhinosinusitis using symptom duration and purulent rhinorrhea: a systematic review of the evidence base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 150(4):533–537PubMed

252.

Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, Bachert C, Alobid I, Baroody F, Cohen N, Cervin A, Douglas R, Gevaert P, Georgalas C, Goossens H, Harvey R, Hellings P, Hopkins C, Jones N, Joos G, Kalogjera L, Kern B, Kowalski M, Price D, Riechelmann H, Schlosser R, Senior B, Thomas M, Toskala E, Voegels R, Wang DY, Wormald PJ (2012) European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. Rhinol Suppl 23:1–298

253.

Rosenfeld RM, Piccirillo JF, Chandrasekhar SS, Brook I, Ashok Kumar K, Kramper M, Orlandi RR, Palmer JN, Patel ZM, Peters A, Walsh SA, Corrigan MD (2015) Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 152(2 Suppl):S1–S39PubMed

254.

Rudmik L, Smith TL (2011) Quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 11(3):247–252PubMed

255.

Alt JA, Smith TL (2013) Chronic rhinosinusitis and sleep: a contemporary review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 3(11):941–949PubMed

256.

Tan BK, Kern RC, Schleimer RP, Schwartz BS (2013) Chronic rhinosinusitis: the unrecognized epidemic. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188(11):1275–1277PubMedPubMedCentral

257.

Rudmik L, Soler ZM (2015) Medical therapies for adult chronic sinusitis: a systematic review. JAMA 314(9):926–939PubMed

258.

Halawi AM, Smith SS, Chandra RK (2013) Chronic rhinosinusitis: epidemiology and cost. Allergy Asthma Proc 34(4):328–334PubMed

259.

Macdonald KI, McNally JD, Massoud E (2009) The health and resource utilization of Canadians with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 119(1):184–189PubMed

260.

Friedman RA, Harris JP (1991) Sinusitis. Annu Rev Med 42:471–489PubMed

261.

Bucher HC, Tschudi P, Young J, Periat P, Welge-Luussen A, Zust H, Schindler C (2003) Effect of amoxicillin-clavulanate in clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial in general practice. Arch Intern Med 163(15):1793–1798PubMed

262.

de Bock GH (1993) NHG-standaard Sinusitis. Huisarts Wet 36:255

263.

Gliklich RE, Metson R (1995) The health impact of chronic sinusitis in patients seeking otolaryngologic care. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 113(1):104–109PubMed

264.

Kuehnemund M, Ismail C, Brieger J, Schaefer D, Mann WJ (2004) Untreated chronic rhinosinusitis: a comparison of symptoms and mediator profiles. Laryngoscope 114(3):561–565PubMed

265.

de Sutter A, Lemiengre M, van Maele G, van Driel M, de Meyere M, Christiaens T, de Maeseneer J (2006) Predicting prognosis and effect of antibiotic treatment in rhinosinusitis. Ann Fam Med 4(6):486–493PubMedPubMedCentral

266.

Mann W, Jonas I (1981) Untersuchungen zur Spontanheilung der Sinusitis maxillaris. HNO 29(3):92–94PubMed

267.

van Buchem FL, Knottnerus JA, Schrijnemaekers VJ, Peeters MF (1997) Primary-care-based randomised placebo-controlled trial of antibiotic treatment in acute maxillary sinusitis. Lancet 349(9053):683–687PubMed

268.

Mehra P, Murad H (2004) Maxillary sinus disease of odontogenic origin. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2(37):347–364

269.

Patel NA, Ferguson BJ (2012) Odontogenic sinusitis: an ancient but under-appreciated cause of maxillary sinusitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 20(1):24–28PubMed

270.

Brook I (2006) Sinusitis of odontogenic origin. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135(3):349–355PubMed

271.

Stalman W, van Essen GA, van der Graaf Y, de Melker RA (1997) The end of antibiotic treatment in adults with acute sinusitis-like complaints in general practice? A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized doxycycline trial. Br J Gen Pract 47(425):794–799PubMedPubMedCentral

272.

Puhakka T, Makela MJ, Alanen A, Kallio T, Korsoff L, Arstila P, Leinonen M, Pulkkinen M, Suonpaa J, Mertsola J, Ruuskanen O (1998) Sinusitis in the common cold. J Allergy Clin Immunol 102(3):403–408PubMedPubMedCentral

273.

Lindbaek M, Hjortdahl P (1998) Predictors of duration of acute sinusitis episodes treated with antibiotics. Scand J Prim Health Care 16(1):24–29PubMed

274.

Lamberts H, Brouwer H, Mohrs J (1991) Reason for encounter-, episode- and process-oriented standard output. From the Transition Project. Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (op.)

275.

Stalman W (1997) Maxillary sinusitis in adults. An evaluation of placebo-controlled double-blind trials. Fam Pract 14(2):124–129PubMed

276.

de Ferranti SD, Ioannidis JP, Lau J, Anninger WV, Barza M (1998) Are amoxycillin and folate inhibitors as effective as other antibiotics for acute sinusitis? A meta-analysis. BMJ 317(7159):632–637PubMedPubMedCentral

277.

Dutta R, Dubal PM, Eloy JA (2015) The connection between seasonal allergies, food allergies, and rhinosinusitis: What is the evidence? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 23(1):2–7PubMed

278.

de Schryver E, Devuyst L, Derycke L, Dullaers M, van Zele T, Bachert C, Gevaert P (2015) Local immunoglobulin e in the nasal mucosa: clinical implications. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 7(4):321–331PubMedPubMedCentral

279.

Wilson KF, McMains KC, Orlandi RR (2014) The association between allergy and chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: an evidence-based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 4(2):93–103PubMed

280.

Klimek L, Hammerbacher AS, Hellings PW, Fokkens WJ, Hoffmann HJ, Muraro A, Papadopoulos N (2015) The influence of European legislation on the use of diagnostic test allergens for nasal allergen provocation in routine care of patients with allergic rhinitis. Rhinology 53(3):260–269PubMed

281.

Verkerk MM, Bhatia D, Rimmer J, Earls P, Sacks R, Harvey RJ (2015) Intranasal steroids and the myth of mucosal atrophy: a systematic review of original histological assessments. Am J Rhinol Allergy 29(1):3–18PubMed

282.

Toppila-Salmi S, van Drunen CM, Fokkens WJ, Golebski K, Mattila P, Joenvaara S, Renkonen J, Renkonen R (2015) Molecular mechanisms of nasal epithelium in rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 15(2):495PubMed

283.

Hellings PW, Fokkens WJ, Akdis C, Bachert C, Cingi C, Dietz de Loos D, Gevaert P, Hox V, Kalogjera L, Lund V, Mullol J, Papadopoulos NG, Passalacqua G, Rondon C, Scadding G, Timmermans M, Toskala E, Zhang N, Bousquet J (2013) Uncontrolled allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: Where do we stand today? Allergy 68(1):1–7PubMed

284.

Geissler K, Guntinas-Lichius O (2015) Allergische Rhinitis im Kontext der chronischen Rhinosinusitis. Laryngorhinootologie 94(4):250–266 (quiz 267–269)PubMed

285.

DeYoung K, Wentzel JL, Schlosser RJ, Nguyen SA, Soler ZM (2014) Systematic review of immunotherapy for chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 28(2):145–150PubMed

286.

Robinson S, Douglas R, Wormald P (2006) The relationship between atopy and chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol 20(6):625–628PubMed

287.

Georgalas C, Vlastos I, Picavet V, van Drunen C, Garas G, Prokopakis E (2014) Is chronic rhinosinusitis related to allergic rhinitis in adults and children? Applying epidemiological guidelines for causation. Allergy 69(7):828–833PubMed

288.

Wei JL (2015) Chronic nasal dysfunction in children: Allergic rhinitis? Infectious? What to do if neither? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 23(6):491–498PubMed

289.

Akdis CA, Akdis M (2015) Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and immune tolerance to allergens. World Allergy Organ J 8(1):17PubMedPubMedCentral

290.

Price D, Scadding G, Ryan D, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Mullol J, Klimek L, Pitman R, Acaster S, Murray R, Bousquet J (2015) The hidden burden of adult allergic rhinitis: UK healthcare resource utilisation survey. Clin Transl Allergy 5:39PubMedPubMedCentral

291.

Brehler R, Klimek L, Kopp MV, Virchow JC (2013) Specific immunotherapy-indications and mode of action. Dtsch Arztebl Int 110(9):148–158PubMedPubMedCentral

292.

Licari A, Caimmi S, Bosa L, Marseglia A, Marseglia GL, Caimmi D (2014) Rhinosinusitis and asthma: a very long engagement. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 27(4):499–508PubMed

293.

Pfaar O, Bachert C, Bufe A, Buhl R, Ebner C, Eng P, Friedrichs F, Fuchs T, Hamelmann E, Hartwig-Bade D, Hering T, Huttegger I, Jung K, Klimek L, Kopp MV, Merk H, Rabe U, Saloga J, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Schuster A, Schwerk N, Sitter H, Umpfenbach U, Wedi B, Wohrl S, Worm M, Kleine-Tebbe J, Kaul S, Schwalfenberg A (2014) Guideline on allergen-specific immunotherapy in IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Allergo J Int 23(8):282–319PubMedPubMedCentral

294.

Ulanovski D, Barenboim E, Raveh E, Grossman A, Azaria B, Shpitzer T (2008) Sinusitis in pilots of different aircraft types: Is allergic rhinitis a predisposing factor? Am J Rhinol 22(2):122–124PubMed

295.

Jung JA, Kita H, Yawn BP, Boyce TG, Yoo KH, McGree ME, Weaver AL, Wollan P, Jacobson RM, Juhn YJ (2010) Increased risk of serious pneumococcal disease in patients with atopic conditions other than asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125(1):217–221PubMedPubMedCentral

296.

DeMore JP, Weisshaar EH, Vrtis RF, Swenson CA, Evans MD, Morin A, Hazel E, Bork JA, Kakumanu S, Sorkness R, Busse WW, Gern JE (2009) Similar colds in subjects with allergic asthma and nonatopic subjects after inoculation with rhinovirus-16. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124(2):245–252PubMedPubMedCentral

297.

Juhn YJ (2014) Risks for infection in patients with asthma (or other atopic conditions): Is asthma more than a chronic airway disease? J Allergy Clin Immunol 134(2):247–257PubMedPubMedCentral

298.

Mbarek C, Akrout A, Khamassi K, Ben Gamra O, Hariga I, Ben Amor M, Zribi S, El Khedim A (2008) Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in children and allergy. A cross-sectional study of 100 cases. Tunis Med 86(4):358–361PubMed

299.

Marple BF (2003) Allergy and the contemporary rhinologist. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 36(5):941–955PubMed

300.

Wiesenauer M, Gaus W, Bohnacker U, Haussler S (1989) Efficiency of homeopathic preparation combinations in sinusitis. Results of a randomized double blind study with general practitioners. Arzneimittelforschung 39(5):620–625PubMed

301.

Weiser M, Clasen B (1994) Randomisierte plazebokontrollierte Doppelblindstudie zur Untersuchung der klinischen Wirksamkeit der homöopathischen Euphorbium compositum-Nasen-tropfen S bei chronischer Sinusitis. Forsch Komplementmed 1(6):251–259

302.

Stavem K, Rossberg E, Larsson PG (2008) Health-related quality of life in a trial of acupuncture, sham acupuncture and conventional treatment for chronic sinusitis. BMC Res Notes 1:37PubMedPubMedCentral

303.

Lundeberg T, Laurell G, Thomas M (1988) Effect of acupuncture on sinus pain and experimentally induced pain. Ear Nose Throat J 67(8):565–566 (571–572, 574–575)PubMed

304.

Takeuchi H, Jawad MS, Eccles R (1999) The effects of nasal massage of the „yingxiang“ acupuncture point on nasal airway resistance and sensation of nasal airflow in patients with nasal congestion associated with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Am J Rhinol 13(2):77–79PubMed

305.

Friese K, Zabalotnyi DI (2007) Homöopathie bei akuter Rhinosinusitis Homöopathie bei akuter Rhinosinusitis: Eine doppelblinde, placebokontrollierte Studie belegt die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit eines homöopathischen Kombinationsarzneimittels. HNO 55(4):271–277PubMed

306.

Liang K, Su M, Tseng H, Jiang R (2008) Impact of pulsatile nasal irrigation on the prognosis of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 37(2):148–153PubMed

307.

Rudmik L, Hoy M, Schlosser RJ, Harvey RJ, Welch KC, Lund V, Smith TL (2013) Topical therapies in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: an evidence-based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 3(4):281–298PubMed

308.

Wei CC, Adappa ND, Cohen NA (2013) Use of topical nasal therapies in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 123(10):2347–2359PubMed

309.

Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Begaud B, Rossignol M, Avouac B, Lert F, Rouillon F, Benichou J, Massol J, Duru G, Magnier A, Abenhaim L, Guillemot D (2014) Management of upper respiratory tract infections by different medical practices, including homeopathy, and consumption of antibiotics in primary care: the EPI3 cohort study in France 2007–2008. PLOS ONE 9(3):e89990PubMedPubMedCentral

310.

Guppy MP, Mickan SM, Del Mar CB, Thorning S, Rack A (2011) Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004419.pub3 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

311.

Eichner H et al (1987) Akupunkturbehandlung bei akuter Sinusitis bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Akupunktur Theor Prax (1):6–15

312.

Ophir D, Elad Y (1987) Effects of steam inhalation on nasal patency and nasal symptoms in patients with the common cold. Am J Otolaryngol 8(3):149–153PubMed

313.

Ophir D, Elad Y, Fink A, Fishler E, Marshak G (1988) Effects of elevated intranasal temperature on subjective and objective findings in perennial rhinitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 97(3 Pt 1):259–263PubMed

314.

Huang A, Govindaraj S (2013) Topical therapy in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 21(1):31–38PubMed

315.

Hildenbrand T, Weber R, Heubach C, Mosges R (2011) Nasenspülungen bei akuter Rhinosinusitis. Laryngorhinootologie 90(6):346–351PubMed

316.

King D, Mitchell B, Williams CP, Spurling GKP (2015) Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006821.pub3 CrossRefPubMed

317.

Tyrrell D, Barrow I, Arthur J (1989) Local hyperthermia benefits natural and experimental common colds. BMJ 298(6683):1280–1283PubMedPubMedCentral

318.

Möller W, Saba GK, Haussinger K, Becker S, Keller M, Schuschnig U (2011) Nasally inhaled pulsating aerosols: lung, sinus and nose deposition. Rhinology 49(3):286–291PubMed

319.

Espenschied S, Dodenhoft J, Lehr S, Bohne-Lampert P, Weber R (2010) Topische nasale Therapie nach endonasaler NNH-Op: pulsierende Inhalation versus Pumpspray. Laryngorhinootologie 89(10):599–605PubMed

320.

Djupesland PG, Skretting A, Winderen M, Holand T (2006) Breath actuated device improves delivery to target sites beyond the nasal valve. Laryngoscope 116(3):466–472PubMed

321.

Deitmer T, Broer E, Durweiler B (1989) Wirkung der Warminhalation auf das nasale Flimmerepithel. HNO 37(7):299–302PubMed

322.

Pruliere-Escabasse V, Michel J, Percodani J, Serrano E, Gilain L, Crampette L, Jankowski R, Stoll D, de Gabory L (2014) Consensus document for prescription of nebulization in rhinology. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 131(6):371–374

323.

Soler ZM, Schlosser RJ (2012) The role of fungi in diseases of the nose and sinuses. Am J Rhinol Allergy 26(5):351–358PubMedPubMedCentral

324.

Mehra P, Jeong D (2008) Maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin. Curr Infect Dis Rep 10(3):205–210PubMed

325.

McCoul ED, Jourdy DN, Schaberg MR, Anand VK (2012) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sinusitis in nonhospitalized patients: a systematic review of prevalence and treatment outcomes. Laryngoscope 122(10):2125–2131PubMed

326.

Szczeklik A, Sanak M (2006) The broken balance in aspirin hypersensitivity. Eur J Pharmacol 533(1–3):145–155PubMed

327.

Anon JB, Jacobs MR, Poole MD, Ambrose PG, Benninger MS, Hadley JA, Craig WA (2004) Antimicrobial treatment guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130(1 Suppl):1–45PubMed

328.

Brook I (2004) Microbiology and antimicrobial management of sinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 37(2):253–266PubMed

329.

Kremer B, Jacobs JA, Soudijn ER, van der Ven AJ (2001) Clinical value of bacteriological examinations of nasal and paranasal mucosa in patients with chronic sinusitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 258(5):220–225PubMed

330.

Gold SM, Tami TA (1997) Role of middle meatus aspiration culture in the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis. Laryngoscope 107(12 Pt 1):1586–1589PubMed

331.

Yan M, Pamp SJ, Fukuyama J, Hwang PH, Cho D, Holmes S, Relman DA (2013) Nasal microenvironments and interspecific interactions influence nasal microbiota complexity and S. aureus carriage. Cell Host Microbe 14(6):631–640PubMedPubMedCentral

332.

de Foer C, Fossion E, Vaillant JM (1990) Sinus aspergillosis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 18(1):33–40PubMed

333.

Niederfuhr A, Kirsche H, Riechelmann H, Wellinghausen N (2009) The bacteriology of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135(2):131–136PubMed

334.

Dollner R, Hörmann K, Stuck BA, Pfaar O, Klimek L (2014) In-vitro-Diagnostik des ASS-Intoleranz- Syndroms (Aspirin-exacerbated Respiratory Disease AERD). Allergologie 37(01):11–19

335.

Schwitzguebel AJ, Jandus P, Lacroix J, Seebach JD, Harr T (2015) Immunoglobulin deficiency in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 136(6):1523–1531PubMed

336.

Nayan S, Alizadehfar R, Desrosiers M (2015) Humoral primary Immunodeficiencies in chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 15(8):46PubMed

337.

Wentzel JL, Virella-Lowell I, Schlosser RJ, Soler ZM (2015) Quantitative sinonasal symptom assessment in an unselected pediatric population with cystic fibrosis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 29(5):357–361PubMed

338.

Stevens WW, Lee RJ, Schleimer RP, Cohen NA (2015) Chronic rhinosinusitis pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 136(6):1442–1453PubMedPubMedCentral

339.

Chaaban MR, Kejner A, Rowe SM, Woodworth BA (2013) Cystic fibrosis chronic rhinosinusitis: a comprehensive review. Am J Rhinol Allergy 27(5):387–395PubMedPubMedCentral

340.

Stevens WW, Peters AT (2015) Immunodeficiency in chronic sinusitis: recognition and treatment. Am J Rhinol Allergy 29(2):115–118PubMed

341.

Kirsche H, Klimek L (2015) ASS-Intoleranz-Syndrom und persistierende Rhinosinusitis. Differentialdiagnostik und Therapie. HNO 63(5):357–363PubMed

342.

Kowalski ML, Makowska JS, Blanca M, Bavbek S, Bochenek G, Bousquet J, Bousquet P, Celik G, Demoly P, Gomes ER, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Romano A, Sanchez-Borges M, Sanz M, Torres MJ, de Weck A, Szczeklik A, Brockow K (2011) Hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – classification, diagnosis and management: review of the EAACI/ENDA and GA2LEN/HANNA. Allergy 66(7):818–829PubMed

343.

Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Bochenek G, Mastalerz L, Swierczynska M, Picado C, Scadding G, Kowalski ML, Setkowicz M, Ring J, Brockow K, Bachert C, Wohrl S, Dahlen B, Szczeklik A (2007) EAACI/GA2LEN guideline: aspirin provocation tests for diagnosis of aspirin hypersensitivity. Allergy 62(10):1111–1118PubMed

344.

Ocampo CJ, Peters AT (2013) Antibody deficiency in chronic rhinosinusitis: epidemiology and burden of illness. Am J Rhinol Allergy 27(1):34–38PubMedPubMedCentral

345.

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Immunologie (2011) Leitlinie: Diagnostik von primären Immundefekten. 027-050. http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/027-050.html. Zugegriffen: 21. Sept. 2016

346.

Singhal D, Foreman A, Jervis-Bardy J, Wormald P (2011) Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: nemesis of endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope 121(7):1578–1583PubMed

347.

Tatar EC, Tatar I, Ocal B, Korkmaz H, Saylam G, Ozdek A, Celik HH (2012) Prevalence of biofilms and their response to medical treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 146(4):669–675PubMed

348.

Cleland EJ, Bassiouni A, Boase S, Dowd S, Vreugde S, Wormald P (2014) The fungal microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis: richness, diversity, postoperative changes and patient outcomes. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 4(4):259–265PubMed

349.

Glowacki R, Tomaszewski KA, Strek P, Tomaszewska IM, Zgorska-Swierzy K, Markiewicz B, Skladzien J (2014) The influence of bacterial biofilm on the clinical outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, double-blind, scanning electron microscopy study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 271(5):1015–1021PubMed

350.

Das S, Rosas LE, Jurcisek JA, Novotny LA, Green KB, Bakaletz LO (2014) Improving patient care via development of a protein-based diagnostic test for microbe-specific detection of chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 124(3):608–615PubMed

351.

Hai PVT, Lidstone C, Wallwork B (2010) The effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on bacterial biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 142(3 Suppl 1):S27–S32PubMed

352.

Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA et al (2008) Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 63(86):8–160PubMed

353.

Scadding GK (2015) Optimal management of allergic rhinitis. Arch Dis Child 100(6):576–582PubMed

354.

Bousquet J, Burney PG, Zuberbier T et al (2009) GA2LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network) addresses the allergy and asthma ‚epidemic‘. Allergy 64(7):969–977PubMed

355.

Cohen M, Kofonow J, Nayak JV, Palmer JN, Chiu AG, Leid JG, Cohen NA (2009) Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: a review. Am J Rhinol Allergy 23(3):255–260PubMed

356.

Foreman A, Wormald P (2010) Different biofilms, different disease? A clinical outcomes study. Laryngoscope 120(8):1701–1706PubMed

357.

Healy DY, Leid JG, Sanderson AR, Hunsaker DH (2008) Biofilms with fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 138(5):641–647PubMed

358.

Feazel LM, Frank DN, Ramakrishnan VR (2011) Update on bacterial detection methods in chronic rhinosinusitis: implications for clinicians and research scientists. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 1(6):451–459PubMed

359.

Foreman A, Singhal D, Psaltis AJ, Wormald P (2010) Targeted imaging modality selection for bacterial biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 120(2):427–431PubMed

360.

Guo C, Ghadersohi S, Kephart GM, Laine RA, Sherris DA, Kita H, Ponikau JU (2012) Improving the detection of fungi in eosinophilic mucin: seeing what we could not see before. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 147(5):943–949PubMed

361.

Axelsson A, Brorson JE (1973) The correlation between bacteriological findings in the nose and maxillary sinus in acute maxillary sinusitis. Laryngoscope 83(12):2003–2011PubMed

362.

Jousimies-Somer HR, Savolainen S, Ylikoski JS (1989) Comparison of the nasal bacterial floras in two groups of healthy subjects and in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. J Clin Microbiol 27(12):2736–2743PubMedPubMedCentral

363.

Hochstim CJ, Choi JY, Lowe D, Masood R, Rice DH (2010) Biofilm detection with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 136(5):453–456PubMed

364.

Keir J, Pedelty L, Swift AC (2011) Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review and suggestions for future research. J Laryngol Otol 125(4):331–337PubMed

365.

Hunsaker DH, Leid JG (2008) The relationship of biofilms to chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 16(3):237–241PubMed

366.

Liu CM, Soldanova K, Nordstrom L, Dwan MG, Moss OL, Contente-Cuomo TL, Keim P, Price LB, Lane AP (2013) Medical therapy reduces microbiota diversity and evenness in surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 3(10):775–781PubMedPubMedCentral

367.

Desrosiers M, Hussain A, Frenkiel S, Kilty S, Marsan J, Witterick I, Wright E (2007) Intranasal corticosteroid use is associated with lower rates of bacterial recovery in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 136(4):605–609PubMed

368.

Korkmaz H, Ocal B, Tatar EC, Tatar I, Ozdek A, Saylam G, Celik HH (2014) Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps: Is eradication possible? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 271(10):2695–2702PubMed

Springer Medizin

Leitlinie „Rhinosinusitis“ – Langfassung

S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e. V.

Auszug

Leitlinien kompakt für die Allgemeinmedizin

Facharzt-Training Allgemeinmedizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Allgemeinmedizin

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

Metformin rückt in den Hintergrund

Myokarditis nach Infekt – Richtig schwierig wird es bei Profisportlern

Update Allgemeinmedizin

Springer Medizin

Auszug

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2018

„Aufbruch zu neuen Ufern“

Dank an die Gutachter 2017

Mittelohr

Ethnic rhinoplasty

Objektive Audiometrie und klinische Anwendung

Postrhinoplasty fibrotic syndrome