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Erschienen in: Der Unfallchirurg 10/2004

01.10.2004 | Originalien

Entscheidungsfindung und Prioritäten der operativen Behandlungsstrategie während und nach der Schockraumversorgung

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. H. C. Pape, F. Hildebrand, C. Krettek

Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie | Ausgabe 10/2004

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Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung.

Die in der Literatur vorgeschlagenen Therapiestrategien und Maßgaben zur operativen Verfahrenswahl zur Versorgung polytraumatisierter Patienten innerhalb der ersten 24 h werden evaluiert.

Methodik.

Klinische Studien wurden über systematische Literatursuchen (Medline, Cochrane und konventionelle Suche) und Klassifikation hinsichtlich der Evidenzgüte (Level 1–5 nach Oxford-Schema) kontrolliert.

Ergebnisse.

Therapiemaßnahmen beim polytraumatisierten Patienten werden in 4 Abschnitte (Akut-, Primär-, Sekundär- und Tertiärphase) eingeteilt. In der akuten Phase hat die Versorgung von Massenblutungen Priorität, welche zeitlich mit der Behandlung intrakranieller Verletzungen abzustimmen ist. In der anschließenden Primärphase erfolgt die operative Versorgung in der Reihenfolge Schädel → Mittelgesicht → Wirbelsäule → Abdomen → Extremitäten, wobei ein simultanes Vorgehen möglich ist. Eine primäre Definitivversorgung der Verletzungen ist anzustreben, allerdings sollte bei instabilen Patienten oder unsicherem Allgemeinzustand („Borderline-Patienten“) zur Minimierung des Operationstraumas eine primär temporäre Therapie durchgeführt werden.

Schlussfolgerung.

Der klinische Verlauf nach Polytrauma wird durch drei wesentliche Faktoren beeinflusst. Zum initialen Verletzungsbild („first hit“) kann sich die Systembelastung der chirurgischen Eingriffe („second hit“) addieren. Als dritter Belastungsfaktor ist die individuelle biologische Konstitution des Patienten zu werten, zur Beurteilung kann hier das Monitoring mittels immunologischer Parameter hilfreich sein.
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Metadaten
Titel
Entscheidungsfindung und Prioritäten der operativen Behandlungsstrategie während und nach der Schockraumversorgung
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. H. C. Pape
F. Hildebrand
C. Krettek
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2004
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Unfallchirurgie / Ausgabe 10/2004
Print ISSN: 2731-7021
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-703X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-004-0848-1

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