Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 2/2004

01.02.2004 | Übersicht

Zerebrale Mikrodialyse beim Schlaganfall

verfasst von: Dr. C. Berger, C. Dohmen, M. H. Maurer, R. Graf, S. Schwab

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 2/2004

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die zerebrale Mikrodialyse ist ein invasives Verfahren zum neurochemischen Monitoring des Gehirns, das bei intensivmedizinisch zu überwachenden Patienten mit Subarachnoidalblutungen oder schweren Schädel-Hirn-Traumen etabliert ist. Wir stellen die an 50 Schlaganfallpatienten gewonnenen Ergebnisse der Projektgruppen „Zerebrale Mikrodialyse“ des Kompetenznetzes Schlaganfall vor, die wegen einer großen, potenziell raumfordernden Ischämie im Territorium der A. cerebri media intensivmedizinisch behandelt werden mussten. Durch Korrelation von Mikrodialysedaten mit computertomographischen Verlaufsuntersuchungen konnten wir die neurochemischen Charakteristika von nicht infarziertem Hirngewebe, an die Infarktzone angrenzendem Hirngewebe sowie den Infarktkern definieren. Ferner lassen sich zeitgemittelte Messwerte mit initialen PET-Untersuchungen korrelieren und so neurochemische Prädiktoren für einen malignen Verlauf des Schlaganfalls beschreiben. Wir diskutieren die Wertigkeit und Vorhersagekraft der Methode bezüglich des klinischen Langzeitergebnisses im Kontext mit anderen Anwendungsgebieten der zerebralen Mikrodialyse und erörtern die Vor- und Nachteile dieser Methode als Monitoringverfahren.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bachli H, Langemann H, Mendelowitsch A, Alessandri B, Landolt H, Gratzl O (1996) Microdialytic monitoring during cerebrovascular surgery. Neurol Res 18: 370–376PubMed Bachli H, Langemann H, Mendelowitsch A, Alessandri B, Landolt H, Gratzl O (1996) Microdialytic monitoring during cerebrovascular surgery. Neurol Res 18: 370–376PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Baunach S, Meixensberger J, Gerlach M, Lan J, Roosen K (1998) Intraoperative microdialysis and tissue-pO2 measurement in human glioma. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 71: 241–243 Baunach S, Meixensberger J, Gerlach M, Lan J, Roosen K (1998) Intraoperative microdialysis and tissue-pO2 measurement in human glioma. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 71: 241–243
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Benveniste H (1989) Brain microdialysis. J Neurochem 52: 1667–1679PubMed Benveniste H (1989) Brain microdialysis. J Neurochem 52: 1667–1679PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Berger C, Annecke A, Aschoff A, Spranger M, Schwab S (1999) Neurochemical monitoring of fatal middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 30: 460–463PubMed Berger C, Annecke A, Aschoff A, Spranger M, Schwab S (1999) Neurochemical monitoring of fatal middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 30: 460–463PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Berger C, Schabitz WR, Georgiadis D, Steiner T, Aschoff A, Schwab S (2002) Effects of hypothermia on excitatory amino acids and metabolism in stroke patients: a microdialysis study. Stroke 33: 519–524CrossRefPubMed Berger C, Schabitz WR, Georgiadis D, Steiner T, Aschoff A, Schwab S (2002) Effects of hypothermia on excitatory amino acids and metabolism in stroke patients: a microdialysis study. Stroke 33: 519–524CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bullock R, Zauner A, Woodward J, Young HF (1995) Massive persistent release of excitatory amino acids following human occlusive stroke. Stroke 26: 2187–2189PubMed Bullock R, Zauner A, Woodward J, Young HF (1995) Massive persistent release of excitatory amino acids following human occlusive stroke. Stroke 26: 2187–2189PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bullock R, Zauner A, Woodward JJ et al. (1998) Factors affecting excitatory amino acid release following severe human head injury. J Neurosurg 89: 507–518PubMed Bullock R, Zauner A, Woodward JJ et al. (1998) Factors affecting excitatory amino acid release following severe human head injury. J Neurosurg 89: 507–518PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Busto R, Globus MY, Dietrich WD, Martinez E, Valdes I, Ginsberg MD (1989) Effect of mild hypothermia on ischemia-induced release of neurotransmitters and free fatty acids in rat brain. Stroke 20: 904–910PubMed Busto R, Globus MY, Dietrich WD, Martinez E, Valdes I, Ginsberg MD (1989) Effect of mild hypothermia on ischemia-induced release of neurotransmitters and free fatty acids in rat brain. Stroke 20: 904–910PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Butcher SP, Bullock R, Graham DI, McCulloch J (1990) Correlation between amino acid release and neuropathologic outcome in rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 21: 1727–1733PubMed Butcher SP, Bullock R, Graham DI, McCulloch J (1990) Correlation between amino acid release and neuropathologic outcome in rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 21: 1727–1733PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Cesarini KG, Enblad P, Ronne-Engstrom E et al. (2002) Early cerebral hyperglycolysis after subarachnoid haemorrhage correlates with favourable outcome. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 144: 1121–1131 Cesarini KG, Enblad P, Ronne-Engstrom E et al. (2002) Early cerebral hyperglycolysis after subarachnoid haemorrhage correlates with favourable outcome. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 144: 1121–1131
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Davidsson P, Westman-Brinkmalm A, Nilsson CL et al. (2002) Proteome analysis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in Alzheimer patients. Neuroreport 13: 611–615PubMed Davidsson P, Westman-Brinkmalm A, Nilsson CL et al. (2002) Proteome analysis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in Alzheimer patients. Neuroreport 13: 611–615PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Enblad P, Valtysson J, Andersson J et al. (1996) Simultaneous intracerebral microdialysis and positron emission tomography in the detection of ischemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16: 637–644PubMed Enblad P, Valtysson J, Andersson J et al. (1996) Simultaneous intracerebral microdialysis and positron emission tomography in the detection of ischemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16: 637–644PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Globus MY, Busto R, Dietrich WD, Martinez E, Valdes I, Ginsberg MD (1988) Effect of ischemia on the in vivo release of striatal dopamine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid studied by intracerebral microdialysis. J Neurochem 51: 1455–1464PubMed Globus MY, Busto R, Dietrich WD, Martinez E, Valdes I, Ginsberg MD (1988) Effect of ischemia on the in vivo release of striatal dopamine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid studied by intracerebral microdialysis. J Neurochem 51: 1455–1464PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodman JC, Gopinath SP, Valadka AB et al. (1996) Lactic acid and amino acid fluctuations measured using microdialysis reflect physiological derangements in head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 67: 37–39 Goodman JC, Gopinath SP, Valadka AB et al. (1996) Lactic acid and amino acid fluctuations measured using microdialysis reflect physiological derangements in head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 67: 37–39
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodman JC, Valadka AB, Gopinath SP, Uzura M, Robertson CS (1999) Extracellular lactate and glucose alterations in the brain after head injury measured by microdialysis. Crit Care Med 27: 1965–1973PubMed Goodman JC, Valadka AB, Gopinath SP, Uzura M, Robertson CS (1999) Extracellular lactate and glucose alterations in the brain after head injury measured by microdialysis. Crit Care Med 27: 1965–1973PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Görg A, Obermaier C, Boguth G et al. (2000) The current state of two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. Electrophoresis 21: 1037–1053PubMed Görg A, Obermaier C, Boguth G et al. (2000) The current state of two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. Electrophoresis 21: 1037–1053PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Heiss WD, Kracht LW, Thiel A, Grond M, Pawlik G (2001) Penumbral probability thresholds of cortical flumazenil binding and blood flow predicting tissue outcome in patients with cerebral ischaemia. Brain 124: 20–29CrossRefPubMed Heiss WD, Kracht LW, Thiel A, Grond M, Pawlik G (2001) Penumbral probability thresholds of cortical flumazenil binding and blood flow predicting tissue outcome in patients with cerebral ischaemia. Brain 124: 20–29CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Hillered L, Hallstrom A, Segersvard S, Persson L, Ungerstedt U (1989) Dynamics of extracellular metabolites in the striatum after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat monitored by intracerebral microdialysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 9: 607–616PubMed Hillered L, Hallstrom A, Segersvard S, Persson L, Ungerstedt U (1989) Dynamics of extracellular metabolites in the striatum after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat monitored by intracerebral microdialysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 9: 607–616PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Hillered L, Persson L, Ponten U, Ungerstedt U (1990) Neurometabolic monitoring of the ischaemic human brain using microdialysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 102: 91–97 Hillered L, Persson L, Ponten U, Ungerstedt U (1990) Neurometabolic monitoring of the ischaemic human brain using microdialysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 102: 91–97
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Hillered L, Valtysson J, Enblad P, Persson L (1998) Interstitial glycerol as a marker for membrane phospholipid degradation in the acutely injured human brain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64: 486–491PubMed Hillered L, Valtysson J, Enblad P, Persson L (1998) Interstitial glycerol as a marker for membrane phospholipid degradation in the acutely injured human brain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64: 486–491PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchinson PJ, Al-Rawi PG, O’Connell MT et al. (1999) Monitoring of brain metabolism during aneurysm surgery using microdialysis and brain multiparameter sensors. Neurol Res 21: 352–358PubMed Hutchinson PJ, Al-Rawi PG, O’Connell MT et al. (1999) Monitoring of brain metabolism during aneurysm surgery using microdialysis and brain multiparameter sensors. Neurol Res 21: 352–358PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchinson PJ, Al-Rawi PG, O’Connell MT et al. (2000) Head injury monitoring using cerebral microdialysis and paratrend multiparameter sensors. Zentralbl Neurochir 61: 88–94PubMed Hutchinson PJ, Al-Rawi PG, O’Connell MT et al. (2000) Head injury monitoring using cerebral microdialysis and paratrend multiparameter sensors. Zentralbl Neurochir 61: 88–94PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchinson PJ, Al-Rawi PG, O’Connell MT, Gupta AK, Pickard JD, Kirkpatrick PJ (2000) Biochemical changes related to hypoxia during cerebral aneurysm surgery: combined microdialysis and tissue oxygen monitoring: case report. Neurosurgery 46: 201–205PubMed Hutchinson PJ, Al-Rawi PG, O’Connell MT, Gupta AK, Pickard JD, Kirkpatrick PJ (2000) Biochemical changes related to hypoxia during cerebral aneurysm surgery: combined microdialysis and tissue oxygen monitoring: case report. Neurosurgery 46: 201–205PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchinson PJ, O’Connell MT, Al-Rawi PG et al. (2000) Clinical cerebral microdialysis: a methodological study. J Neurosurg 93: 37–43 Hutchinson PJ, O’Connell MT, Al-Rawi PG et al. (2000) Clinical cerebral microdialysis: a methodological study. J Neurosurg 93: 37–43
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanthan R, Shuaib A (1995) Clinical evaluation of extracellular amino acids in severe head trauma by intracerebral in vivo microdialysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 59: 326–327PubMed Kanthan R, Shuaib A (1995) Clinical evaluation of extracellular amino acids in severe head trauma by intracerebral in vivo microdialysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 59: 326–327PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanthan R, Goplen G, Griebel R et al. (1995) Clinical evaluation of vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage by in vivo microdialysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 59: 646–647 Kanthan R, Goplen G, Griebel R et al. (1995) Clinical evaluation of vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage by in vivo microdialysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 59: 646–647
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Koura SS, Doppenberg EM, Marmarou A, Choi S, Young HF, Bullock R (1998) Relationship between excitatory amino acid release and outcome after severe human head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 71: 244–246 Koura SS, Doppenberg EM, Marmarou A, Choi S, Young HF, Bullock R (1998) Relationship between excitatory amino acid release and outcome after severe human head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 71: 244–246
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Landolt H, Langemann H (1996) Cerebral microdialysis as a diagnostic tool in acute brain injury. Eur J Anaesth 13: 269–278 Landolt H, Langemann H (1996) Cerebral microdialysis as a diagnostic tool in acute brain injury. Eur J Anaesth 13: 269–278
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Landolt H, Lutz TW, Langemann H et al. (1992) Extracellular antioxidants and amino acids in the cortex of the rat: monitoring by microdialysis of early ischemic changes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12: 96–102PubMed Landolt H, Lutz TW, Langemann H et al. (1992) Extracellular antioxidants and amino acids in the cortex of the rat: monitoring by microdialysis of early ischemic changes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12: 96–102PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Langemann H, Mendelowitsch A, Landolt H, Alessandri B, Gratzl O (1995) Experimental and clinical monitoring of glucose by microdialysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 97: 149–155CrossRefPubMed Langemann H, Mendelowitsch A, Landolt H, Alessandri B, Gratzl O (1995) Experimental and clinical monitoring of glucose by microdialysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 97: 149–155CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindefors N, Amberg G, Ungerstedt U (1989) Intracerebral microdialysis: I. Experimental studies of diffusion kinetics. J Pharmacol Methods 22: 141–156CrossRefPubMed Lindefors N, Amberg G, Ungerstedt U (1989) Intracerebral microdialysis: I. Experimental studies of diffusion kinetics. J Pharmacol Methods 22: 141–156CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Marshall T, Williams KM (1991) The simplified technique of high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: biomedical applications in health and disease. Electrophoresis 12: 461–471 Marshall T, Williams KM (1991) The simplified technique of high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: biomedical applications in health and disease. Electrophoresis 12: 461–471
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendelowitsch A (2001) Microdialysis: intraoperative and posttraumatic applications in neurosurgery. Methods 23: 73–81CrossRefPubMed Mendelowitsch A (2001) Microdialysis: intraoperative and posttraumatic applications in neurosurgery. Methods 23: 73–81CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendelowitsch A, Sekhar LN, Wright DC et al. (1998) An increase in extracellular glutamate is a sensitive method of detecting ischaemic neuronal damage during cranial base and cerebrovascular surgery. An in vivo microdialysis study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 140: 349–355 Mendelowitsch A, Sekhar LN, Wright DC et al. (1998) An increase in extracellular glutamate is a sensitive method of detecting ischaemic neuronal damage during cranial base and cerebrovascular surgery. An in vivo microdialysis study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 140: 349–355
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrison RS, Kinoshita Y, Johnson MD et al. (2002) Proteomic analysis in the neurosciences. Mol Cell Proteomics 1: 553–560CrossRefPubMed Morrison RS, Kinoshita Y, Johnson MD et al. (2002) Proteomic analysis in the neurosciences. Mol Cell Proteomics 1: 553–560CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Nilsson P, Hillered L, Ponten U, Ungerstedt U (1990) Changes in cortical extracellular levels of energy-related metabolites and amino acids following concussive brain injury in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 10: 631–637PubMed Nilsson P, Hillered L, Ponten U, Ungerstedt U (1990) Changes in cortical extracellular levels of energy-related metabolites and amino acids following concussive brain injury in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 10: 631–637PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Nilsson OG, Saveland H, Boris-Moller F, Brandt L, Wieloch T (1996) Increased levels of glutamate in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage as measured by intracerebral microdialysis. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 67: 45–47 Nilsson OG, Saveland H, Boris-Moller F, Brandt L, Wieloch T (1996) Increased levels of glutamate in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage as measured by intracerebral microdialysis. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 67: 45–47
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Nilsson OG, Brandt L, Ungerstedt U, Saveland H (1999) Bedside detection of brain ischemia using intracerebral microdialysis: subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed ischemic deterioration. Neurosurgery 45: 1176–1184PubMed Nilsson OG, Brandt L, Ungerstedt U, Saveland H (1999) Bedside detection of brain ischemia using intracerebral microdialysis: subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed ischemic deterioration. Neurosurgery 45: 1176–1184PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Persson L, Hillered L (1992) Chemical monitoring of neurosurgical intensive care patients using intracerebral microdialysis. J Neurosurg 76: 72–80PubMed Persson L, Hillered L (1992) Chemical monitoring of neurosurgical intensive care patients using intracerebral microdialysis. J Neurosurg 76: 72–80PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Persson L, Valtysson J, Enblad P et al. (1996) Neurochemical monitoring using intracerebral microdialysis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 84: 606–616 Persson L, Valtysson J, Enblad P et al. (1996) Neurochemical monitoring using intracerebral microdialysis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 84: 606–616
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Rambeck B, Jürgens UH, Pannek H-W et al. (2002) Intraoperative examinations in epilepsy surgery concentrations of neurotransmitters and antiepileptically active drugs in the extracellular space of the brain. Klin Neurophysiol 3: 156–162CrossRef Rambeck B, Jürgens UH, Pannek H-W et al. (2002) Intraoperative examinations in epilepsy surgery concentrations of neurotransmitters and antiepileptically active drugs in the extracellular space of the brain. Klin Neurophysiol 3: 156–162CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Ronne-Engstrom E, Cesarini KG, Enblad P et al. (2001) Intracerebral microdialysis in neurointensive care: the use of urea as an endogenous reference compound. J Neurosurg 94: 397–402PubMed Ronne-Engstrom E, Cesarini KG, Enblad P et al. (2001) Intracerebral microdialysis in neurointensive care: the use of urea as an endogenous reference compound. J Neurosurg 94: 397–402PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarrafzadeh AS, Unterberg AW, Lanksch WR (1998) Bedside-microdialysis for early detection of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report and review of the literature. Zentralbl Neurochir 59: 269–273PubMed Sarrafzadeh AS, Unterberg AW, Lanksch WR (1998) Bedside-microdialysis for early detection of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report and review of the literature. Zentralbl Neurochir 59: 269–273PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Saveland H, Nilsson OG, Boris-Moller F, Wieloch T, Brandt L (1996) Intracerebral microdialysis of glutamate and aspartate in two vascular territories after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 38: 12–19PubMed Saveland H, Nilsson OG, Boris-Moller F, Wieloch T, Brandt L (1996) Intracerebral microdialysis of glutamate and aspartate in two vascular territories after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 38: 12–19PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Schneweis S, Grond M, Staub F et al. (2001) Predictive value of neurochemical monitoring in large middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 32: 1863–1867PubMed Schneweis S, Grond M, Staub F et al. (2001) Predictive value of neurochemical monitoring in large middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 32: 1863–1867PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Schulz MK, Wang LP, Tange M, Bjerre P (2000) Cerebral microdialysis monitoring: determination of normal and ischemic cerebral metabolisms in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 93: 808–814PubMed Schulz MK, Wang LP, Tange M, Bjerre P (2000) Cerebral microdialysis monitoring: determination of normal and ischemic cerebral metabolisms in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 93: 808–814PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwab S, Schwarz S, Spranger M, Keller E, Bertram M, Hacke W (1998) Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 29: 2461–2466PubMed Schwab S, Schwarz S, Spranger M, Keller E, Bertram M, Hacke W (1998) Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 29: 2461–2466PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwab S, Georgiadis D, Berrouschot J, Schellinger PD, Graffagnino C, Mayer SA (2001) Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction. Stroke 32: 2033–2035PubMed Schwab S, Georgiadis D, Berrouschot J, Schellinger PD, Graffagnino C, Mayer SA (2001) Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction. Stroke 32: 2033–2035PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Shevchenko A, Wilm M, Vorm O, Mann M (1996) Mass spectrometric sequencing of proteins silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Anal Chem 68: 850–858CrossRefPubMed Shevchenko A, Wilm M, Vorm O, Mann M (1996) Mass spectrometric sequencing of proteins silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Anal Chem 68: 850–858CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Staub F, Graf R, Gabel P, Kochling M, Klug N, Heiss WD (2000) Multiple interstitial substances measured by microdialysis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 47: 1106–1115PubMed Staub F, Graf R, Gabel P, Kochling M, Klug N, Heiss WD (2000) Multiple interstitial substances measured by microdialysis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 47: 1106–1115PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Thiel A, Lottgen J, Grond M, Pietrzyk U, Heiss WD (2001) Estimation of regional cerebral blood flow levels in ischemia using [(15)O]water of [(11)C]flumazenil PET without arterial input function. J Comput Assist Tomogr 25: 446–451CrossRefPubMed Thiel A, Lottgen J, Grond M, Pietrzyk U, Heiss WD (2001) Estimation of regional cerebral blood flow levels in ischemia using [(15)O]water of [(11)C]flumazenil PET without arterial input function. J Comput Assist Tomogr 25: 446–451CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Toyota S, Graf R, Valentino M, Yoshimine T, Heiss WD (2002) Malignant infarction in cats after prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion: glutamate elevation related to decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure. Stroke 33: 1383–1391CrossRefPubMed Toyota S, Graf R, Valentino M, Yoshimine T, Heiss WD (2002) Malignant infarction in cats after prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion: glutamate elevation related to decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure. Stroke 33: 1383–1391CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Ungerstedt U, Pycock C (1974) Functional correlates of dopamine neurotransmission. Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 30: 44–55PubMed Ungerstedt U, Pycock C (1974) Functional correlates of dopamine neurotransmission. Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 30: 44–55PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Whittle IR, Glasby M, Lammie A, Bell H, Ungerstedt U (1998) Neuropathological findings after intracerebral implantation of microdialysis catheters. Neuroreport 9: 2821–2825PubMed Whittle IR, Glasby M, Lammie A, Bell H, Ungerstedt U (1998) Neuropathological findings after intracerebral implantation of microdialysis catheters. Neuroreport 9: 2821–2825PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Wienhard K, Dahlbom M, Eriksson L et al. (1994) The ECAT EXACT HR: performance of a new high resolution positron scanner. J Comput Assist Tomogr 18: 110–118PubMed Wienhard K, Dahlbom M, Eriksson L et al. (1994) The ECAT EXACT HR: performance of a new high resolution positron scanner. J Comput Assist Tomogr 18: 110–118PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan X, Russell T, Wood G, Desiderio DM (2002) Analysis of the human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid proteome. Electrophoresis 23: 1185–1196CrossRefPubMed Yuan X, Russell T, Wood G, Desiderio DM (2002) Analysis of the human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid proteome. Electrophoresis 23: 1185–1196CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Zauner A, Doppenberg EM, Woodward JJ, Choi SC, Young HF, Bullock R (1997) Continuous monitoring of cerebral substrate delivery and clearance: initial experience in 24 patients with severe acute brain injuries. Neurosurgery 41: 1082–1091PubMed Zauner A, Doppenberg EM, Woodward JJ, Choi SC, Young HF, Bullock R (1997) Continuous monitoring of cerebral substrate delivery and clearance: initial experience in 24 patients with severe acute brain injuries. Neurosurgery 41: 1082–1091PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Zauner A, Doppenberg E, Soukup J, Menzel M, Young HF, Bullock R (1998) Extended neuromonitoring: new therapeutic opportunities? Neurol Res [Suppl 1] 20: S 85–90 Zauner A, Doppenberg E, Soukup J, Menzel M, Young HF, Bullock R (1998) Extended neuromonitoring: new therapeutic opportunities? Neurol Res [Suppl 1] 20: S 85–90
Metadaten
Titel
Zerebrale Mikrodialyse beim Schlaganfall
verfasst von
Dr. C. Berger
C. Dohmen
M. H. Maurer
R. Graf
S. Schwab
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2004
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 2/2004
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-003-1627-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2004

Der Nervenarzt 2/2004 Zur Ausgabe

Neu in den Fachgebieten Neurologie und Psychiatrie