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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 7/2006

01.07.2006 | Originalien

Schizophrenie und Depression

verfasst von: K. Maurer, G. Trendler, M. Schmidt, W. an der Heiden, R. Könnecke, Prof. Dr. Dr. Dres. h.c. H. Häfner

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 7/2006

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Der Vergleich der von Psychopharmaka noch unbeeinflussten Entwicklung von Symptomen und sozialer Rollenkompetenz schizophren und unipolar depressiv Erkrankter mit gesunden Kontrollen gibt Aufschluss über den Frühverlauf beider Krankheiten.

Stichproben und Methoden

Drei Stichproben wurden mit IRAOS und mehreren Querschnittsinstrumenten zur Symptomatik, funktionellen Beeinträchtigung und sozialen Behinderung untersucht und verglichen.

Ergebnisse

In frühen Stadien überlappen sich Symptom- und Beeinträchtigungsmuster von Schizophrenie und schwerer Depression. Erst im weiteren Verlauf entwickeln sich mit dem Auftreten psychotischer Symptome beide Krankheiten auseinander. Depressive Symptome erreichen ihr Maximum in der ersten und in nachfolgenden psychotischen Episoden und sinken mit der Remission wieder ab. Depressive Patienten berichten für die Zeit vom Erkrankungsbeginn bis zur Erstaufnahme über mehr funktionelle Beeinträchtigung und soziale Behinderung als schizophren Erkrankte, was auf Unterschiede kognitiver Bewertung zurückzuführen ist.

Schlussfolgerung

Aufgrund der Symptomentwicklung und der früh auftretenden sozialen Beeinträchtigung scheint eine Früherkennung von Schizophrenie oder Depression möglich zu sein. Eine frühe diagnostische Unterscheidung und Vorhersage von Psychose- vs. Depressionsrisiko ist in der präpsychotischen Prodromalphase wegen Überlappung von Symptomatik und Beeinträchtigungsmustern nicht aussichtsreich.
Fußnoten
1
Die relativ hohen Prävalenzraten depressiver Symptome in der gesunden Vergleichsgruppe haben damit zu tun, dass es sich um kumulative Werte durchschnittlich über mehr als 8 Jahre handelt. Nicht nur Diagnosen, sondern auch Einzelsymptome wie depressive Verstimmung sind erfasst worden. Die Raten sind deshalb mit den Diagnose- oder Krankheitsprävalenzraten aus Bevölkerungsstudien nicht vergleichbar.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Schizophrenie und Depression
verfasst von
K. Maurer
G. Trendler
M. Schmidt
W. an der Heiden
R. Könnecke
Prof. Dr. Dr. Dres. h.c. H. Häfner
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2006
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 7/2006
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-005-1920-y

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