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01.07.2009 | Aktuelles

Neuro-Enhancement

Gehirndoping

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. H. Förstl

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 7/2009

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Zusammenfassung

„Cognitive enhancement“, die Steigerung der geistigen Leistungsfähigkeit durch psychoaktive Substanzen und andere Interventionen, hat durch die Entwicklung innovativer Prinzipien erneuten Auftrieb erhalten. Derzeit werden mehr als 100 Pharmaka als „cognitive enhancers“ untersucht oder bereits angeboten. Die folgenden Substanzgruppen haben in bestimmten Indikationsbereichen eine gesicherte Wirkung und können demnächst möglicherweise eine Rolle als „cognitive enhancers“ bei gesunden Personen spielen: Antidementiva mit neuroprotektiver (Dimebon, Methylenblau, Selegelin) und primär symptomatischer Wirkung (Cholinesterasehemmer, Memantin), Ampakine (Ampalax, Farampator), Antidepressiva (Fluoxetin) und Stimulanzien (Methylphenidate, Modafinil). Neben den prinzipiellen ethischen Vorbehalten gegen eine „unnatürliche“ Steigerung der geistigen Leistungsfähigkeit, stellen sich für die Nervenheilkunde konkret die folgenden Fragen: (1) Ist der längerfristige Gebrauch von „cognitive enhancers“ vorteilhaft oder kommt es zu Rebound-Effekten bzw. Defiziten in anderen Leistungsbereichen? (2) Welche neuropsychiatrischen Konsequenzen können aus einem etwaigen sanften Druck zur Einnahme von „cognitive enhancers“ in Beruf und Freizeit erwachsen? (3) Können nach langfristigem Gebrauch in großen Bevölkerungsschichten neben Erschöpfung und Abhängigkeit spezifische, bisher unbekannte neuropsychiatrische Erkrankungen auftreten?

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Titel: Neuro-Enhancement
Gehirndoping
verfasst von: Prof. Dr. H. Förstl
Publikationsdatum: 01.07.2009
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 7/2009
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-009-2801-6

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