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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 3/2014

01.03.2014 | Leitthema

Schizophrenie und Gewalt

verfasst von: Prof. S. Hodgins, R. Müller-Isberner

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 3/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Es gibt mittlerweile eine robuste Evidenz dafür, dass Schizophrenie das Risiko für Gewalttaten erhöht. Schizophrene Rechtsbrecher sind die Hauptursache für die europaweit zu beobachtende Zunahme forensischer Behandlungsplätze.

Fragestellung

Die Arbeit untersucht das empirisch gesicherte Wissen über den Zusammenhang von Schizophrenie und Gewalt.

Material und Methode

Es wurde eine systematische Literaturauswertung durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Menschen, die an einer Schizophrenie erkrankt sind, haben im Vergleich zur restlichen Bevölkerung ein erhöhtes Risiko, wegen Gewalttaten verurteilt zu werden oder sich anderweitig aggressiv zu verhalten. Psychotische Symptome erklären nur das in akuten Phasen häufige aggressive Verhalten, nicht aber vergleichbares Verhalten vor Ausbruch der Erkrankung oder außerhalb akuter Krankheitsphasen. Drei distinkte Phänotypen schizophrener Gewalttäter konnten identifiziert werden: Individuen mit einer im Kindesalter beginnenden Störung des Sozialverhaltens, die sowohl vor als auch nach Ausbruch der Schizophrenie antisoziales und aggressives Verhalten zeigen; Individuen ohne Vorgeschichte von Verhaltensproblemen, die mit Ausbruch der Erkrankung aggressives Verhalten zeigen; und Individuen, die nach vieljährigem Krankheitsverlauf schwere Gewalthandlungen begehen. Über die Ätiologie dieser drei Typen von Rechtsbrechern ist ebenso wenig bekannt wie über die neuronalen Mechanismen, die dieses Verhalten initiieren und aufrechterhalten.

Schlussfolgerung

Psychiatrische Versorgungssysteme müssen dem von schizophren erkrankten Menschen ausgehenden Gewaltrisiko durch angemessene Risikoeinschätzungen und Interventionen, die antisoziales und aggressives Verhalten fokussieren, Rechnung tragen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Schizophrenie und Gewalt
verfasst von
Prof. S. Hodgins
R. Müller-Isberner
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 3/2014
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-013-3900-y

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