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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 1/2019

20.08.2018 | Schizophrenie | Übersichten

Antipsychotikaassoziierte motorische Symptome bei schizophrenen Psychosen – Teil 2

Katatone Symptome und malignes neuroleptisches Syndrom

verfasst von: PD Dr. D. Hirjak, A. Sartorius, K. M. Kubera, R. C. Wolf

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 1/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Pharmakotherapie bei schizophrenen Psychosen kann in seltenen Fällen mit folgenschweren antipsychotikaassoziierten Bewegungsstörungen einhergehen. Die zwei schwerwiegendsten Komplikationen der antipsychotischen Behandlung sind „antipsychotikaassoziierte katatone Symptome“ (AKS) und das „maligne neuroleptische Syndrom“ (MNS). Beide Konstellationen erfordern ein schnelles ärztliches Handeln, allerdings kann die differenzialdiagnostische Abgrenzung eine Herausforderung sein. Therapeutisch sollte bei AKS (hier konzipiert als eine spezifische Unterform katatoner Symptome) ein Versuch mit Benzodiazepinen erfolgen; auch Memantine könnte hilfreich sein. In schweren pharmakorefraktären Fällen kann eine Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) indiziert sein. Das MNS stellt eine lebensbedrohliche Konstellation dar, die häufig intensivmedizinisch behandelt werden muss. Die medikamentöse Behandlung mit Benzodiazepinen, Bromocriptin, Amantadin, Dantrolen und/oder EKT hat sich als effektiv erwiesen. Nicht zuletzt fasst diese Übersichtsarbeit auch die vorliegende Literatur zur Therapie genuiner katatoner Symptome zusammen. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass diese klinischen Syndrome schnellstmöglich erkannt und behandelt werden müssen. Ihre Früherkennung und Frühbehandlung kann unter Umständen lebensrettend sein und das spätere klinische Outcome günstig beeinflussen.
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Fußnoten
1
Die hier vorgestellten 5 Schritte für die Behandlung von AKS, MNS und genuinen katatonen Symptomen bei schizophrenen Psychosen stellen keinesfalls wissenschaftlich validierte Leitlinien dar. Sie spiegeln vielmehr die aktuelle Datenlage und die klinische Erfahrung der Autoren wider.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Antipsychotikaassoziierte motorische Symptome bei schizophrenen Psychosen – Teil 2
Katatone Symptome und malignes neuroleptisches Syndrom
verfasst von
PD Dr. D. Hirjak
A. Sartorius
K. M. Kubera
R. C. Wolf
Publikationsdatum
20.08.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-018-0581-6

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