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Erschienen in: Der Radiologe 6/2018

16.05.2018 | Ultraschall | Leitthema

CEUS – Diagnostik solider Nierentumoren

verfasst von: PD Dr. K. Stock, H. Kübler, T. Maurer, J. Slotta-Huspenina, K. Holzapfel

Erschienen in: Die Radiologie | Ausgabe 6/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisches/methodisches Problem

Nierentumoren werden immer früher erkannt, häufig als Zufallsbefund bei Ultraschalluntersuchungen. Die Differenzialdiagnostik der verschiedenen Tumorentitäten ist schwierig.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Alle Nierentumoren >1 cm sollten mittels CT/MRT untersucht werden, um bösartige Nierenläsionen auszuschließen. Zeigt der Nierentumor keinen Fettnachweis, werden die Patienten je nach Befund entweder weiterer Diagnostik oder einer tumorstadiengerechten urologischen Therapie zugeführt.

Methodische Innovationen

Durch kontrastverstärkten Ultraschall (CEUS) kann dabei im Rahmen einer multimodalen Ultraschalluntersuchung die Mikroperfusion von Nierentumoren exakt erfasst werden.

Leistungsfähigkeit

Bei papillären Nierenzellkarzinomen kann CEUS helfen, eingeblutete Zysten von Tumoren zu unterscheiden. Zudem kann mittels CEUS die Nierentumordetektion im Vergleich zu klassischen Ultraschallmodalitäten bei schwierigen anatomischen Verhältnissen verbessert werden. Pseudoläsionen, Parenchymzapfen im Nierenparenchym können mittels CEUS sicher diagnostiziert werden.

Bewertung

Eine sichere Trennung zwischen benignen und malignen Nierenläsionen >1 cm gelingt mittels CEUS nur in Ausnahmefällen. Das Verfahren jedoch geeignet, auch bei fokaler Pyelonephritis, Abzessen und Lymphomverdacht wichtige differenzialdiagnostische Informationen zu liefern und auch ultraschallgesteuerte Tumorbiopsien optimal zu planen.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Entscheidend für die exakte Diagnostik bei Nierentumoren ist die Zusammenschau unterschiedlicher bildgebender Möglichkeiten in einem interdisziplinären Tumorboard zur individuellen Therapieentscheidung unter Berücksichtigung aller bildgebenden Informationen. Die CEUS von Nierenläsionen sollte als Videos präsentiert und kommentiert werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
CEUS – Diagnostik solider Nierentumoren
verfasst von
PD Dr. K. Stock
H. Kübler
T. Maurer
J. Slotta-Huspenina
K. Holzapfel
Publikationsdatum
16.05.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Radiologie / Ausgabe 6/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7048
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7056
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-018-0392-6

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