Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Diabetologia 9/2010

01.09.2010 | Article

Diabetes, prediabetes and cancer mortality

verfasst von: X. H. Zhou, Q. Qiao, B. Zethelius, K. Pyörälä, S. Söderberg, A. Pajak, C. D. A. Stehouwer, R. J. Heine, P. Jousilahti, G. Ruotolo, P. M. Nilsson, G. Calori, J. Tuomilehto, for the DECODE Study Group

Erschienen in: Diabetologia | Ausgabe 9/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

We aimed to investigate the risk of cancer mortality in relation to the glucose tolerance status classified according to the 2 h OGTT.

Methods

Data from 17 European population-based or occupational cohorts involved in the DECODE study comprising 26,460 men and 18,195 women aged 25–90 years were collaboratively analysed. The cohorts were recruited between 1966 and 2004 and followed for 5.9 to 36.8 years. Cox proportional hazards analysis with adjustment for cohort, age, BMI, total cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking status was used to estimate HRs for cancer mortality.

Results

Compared with people in the normal glucose category, multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) for cancer mortality were 1.13 (1.00, 1.28), 1.27 (1.02, 1.57) and 1.71 (1.35, 2.17) in men with prediabetes, previously undiagnosed diabetes and known diabetes, respectively; in women they were 1.11 (0.94, 1.30), 1.31 (1.00, 1.70) and 1.43 (1.01, 2.02), respectively. Significant increases in deaths from cancer of the stomach, colon–rectum and liver in men with prediabetes and diabetes, and deaths from cancers of the liver and pancreas in women with diabetes were also observed. In individuals without known diabetes, the HR (95% CI) for cancer mortality corresponding to a one standard deviation increase in fasting plasma glucose was 1.06 (1.02, 1.09) and in 2 h plasma glucose was 1.07 (1.03, 1.11).

Conclusions/interpretation

Diabetes and prediabetes were associated with an increased risk of cancer death, particularly death from liver cancer. Mortality from all cancers rose linearly with increasing glucose concentrations.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Huxley R, Ansary-Moghaddam A, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Barzi F, Woodward M (2005) Type-II diabetes and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Br J Cancer 92:2076–2083CrossRefPubMed Huxley R, Ansary-Moghaddam A, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Barzi F, Woodward M (2005) Type-II diabetes and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Br J Cancer 92:2076–2083CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A (2005) Diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:1679–1687CrossRefPubMed Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A (2005) Diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:1679–1687CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Serag HB, Hampel H, Javadi F (2006) The association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:369–380CrossRefPubMed El-Serag HB, Hampel H, Javadi F (2006) The association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:369–380CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsson SC, Orsini N, Brismar K, Wolk A (2006) Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia 49:2819–2823CrossRefPubMed Larsson SC, Orsini N, Brismar K, Wolk A (2006) Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia 49:2819–2823CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Friberg E, Orsini N, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A (2007) Diabetes mellitus and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia 50:1365–1374CrossRefPubMed Friberg E, Orsini N, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A (2007) Diabetes mellitus and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia 50:1365–1374CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsson SC, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A (2007) Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 121:856–862CrossRefPubMed Larsson SC, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A (2007) Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 121:856–862CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitri J, Castillo J, Pittas AG (2008) Diabetes and risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Diab Care 31:2391–2397CrossRef Mitri J, Castillo J, Pittas AG (2008) Diabetes and risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Diab Care 31:2391–2397CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Jonasson JM, Ljung R, Talback M, Haglund B, Gudbjornsdottir S, Steineck G (2009) Insulin glargine use and short-term incidence of malignancies—a population-based follow-up study in Sweden. Diabetologia 52:1745–1754CrossRefPubMed Jonasson JM, Ljung R, Talback M, Haglund B, Gudbjornsdottir S, Steineck G (2009) Insulin glargine use and short-term incidence of malignancies—a population-based follow-up study in Sweden. Diabetologia 52:1745–1754CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Hemkens LG, Grouven U, Bender R et al (2009) Risk of malignancies in patients with diabetes treated with human insulin or insulin analogues: a cohort study. Diabetologia 52:1732–1744CrossRefPubMed Hemkens LG, Grouven U, Bender R et al (2009) Risk of malignancies in patients with diabetes treated with human insulin or insulin analogues: a cohort study. Diabetologia 52:1732–1744CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Currie CJ, Poole CD, Gale EA (2009) The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 52:1766–1777CrossRefPubMed Currie CJ, Poole CD, Gale EA (2009) The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 52:1766–1777CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat van de Poll-Franse LV, Houterman S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Dercksen MW, Coebergh JW, Haak HR (2007) Less aggressive treatment and worse overall survival in cancer patients with diabetes: a large population based analysis. Int J Cancer 120:1986–1992CrossRefPubMed van de Poll-Franse LV, Houterman S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Dercksen MW, Coebergh JW, Haak HR (2007) Less aggressive treatment and worse overall survival in cancer patients with diabetes: a large population based analysis. Int J Cancer 120:1986–1992CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Landman GW, Ubink-Veltmaat LJ, Kleefstra N, Kollen BJ, Bilo HJ (2008) Increased cancer mortality in type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-3). Anticancer Res 28:1373–1375PubMed Landman GW, Ubink-Veltmaat LJ, Kleefstra N, Kollen BJ, Bilo HJ (2008) Increased cancer mortality in type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-3). Anticancer Res 28:1373–1375PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Tseng CH, Chong CK, Tai TY (2009) Secular trend for mortality from breast cancer and the association between diabetes and breast cancer in Taiwan between 1995 and 2006. Diabetologia 52:240–246CrossRefPubMed Tseng CH, Chong CK, Tai TY (2009) Secular trend for mortality from breast cancer and the association between diabetes and breast cancer in Taiwan between 1995 and 2006. Diabetologia 52:240–246CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Tseng CH, Chong CK, Tseng CP, Chan TT (2009) Age-related risk of mortality from bladder cancer in diabetic patients: a 12-year follow-up of a national cohort in Taiwan. Ann Med 41:371–379CrossRefPubMed Tseng CH, Chong CK, Tseng CP, Chan TT (2009) Age-related risk of mortality from bladder cancer in diabetic patients: a 12-year follow-up of a national cohort in Taiwan. Ann Med 41:371–379CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Oba S, Nagata C, Nakamura K, Takatsuka N, Shimizu H (2008) Self-reported diabetes mellitus and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in Takayama: a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. J Epidemiol 18:197–203CrossRefPubMed Oba S, Nagata C, Nakamura K, Takatsuka N, Shimizu H (2008) Self-reported diabetes mellitus and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in Takayama: a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. J Epidemiol 18:197–203CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Coughlin SS, Calle EE, Teras LR, Petrelli J, Thun MJ (2004) Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of cancer mortality in a large cohort of US adults. Am J Epidemiol 159:1160–1167CrossRefPubMed Coughlin SS, Calle EE, Teras LR, Petrelli J, Thun MJ (2004) Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of cancer mortality in a large cohort of US adults. Am J Epidemiol 159:1160–1167CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Batty GD, Shipley MJ, Marmot M, Smith GD (2004) Diabetes status and post-load plasma glucose concentration in relation to site-specific cancer mortality: findings from the original Whitehall study. Cancer Causes Control 15:873–881CrossRefPubMed Batty GD, Shipley MJ, Marmot M, Smith GD (2004) Diabetes status and post-load plasma glucose concentration in relation to site-specific cancer mortality: findings from the original Whitehall study. Cancer Causes Control 15:873–881CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Saydah SH, Loria CM, Eberhardt MS, Brancati FL (2003) Abnormal glucose tolerance and the risk of cancer death in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 157:1092–1100CrossRefPubMed Saydah SH, Loria CM, Eberhardt MS, Brancati FL (2003) Abnormal glucose tolerance and the risk of cancer death in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 157:1092–1100CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Jee SH, Ohrr H, Sull JW, Yun JE, Ji M, Samet JM (2005) Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women. JAMA 293:194–202CrossRefPubMed Jee SH, Ohrr H, Sull JW, Yun JE, Ji M, Samet JM (2005) Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women. JAMA 293:194–202CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Stocks T, Rapp K, Bjorge T et al (2009) Blood glucose and risk of incident and fatal cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (me-can): analysis of six prospective cohorts. PLoS Med 6:e1000201CrossRefPubMed Stocks T, Rapp K, Bjorge T et al (2009) Blood glucose and risk of incident and fatal cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (me-can): analysis of six prospective cohorts. PLoS Med 6:e1000201CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Levine W, Dyer AR, Shekelle RB, Schoenberger JA, Stamler J (1990) Post-load plasma glucose and cancer mortality in middle-aged men and women. 12-year follow-up findings of the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Am J Epidemiol 131:254–262PubMed Levine W, Dyer AR, Shekelle RB, Schoenberger JA, Stamler J (1990) Post-load plasma glucose and cancer mortality in middle-aged men and women. 12-year follow-up findings of the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Am J Epidemiol 131:254–262PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat DECODE Study Group on behalf of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group (1998) Will new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus change phenotype of patients with diabetes? Reanalysis of European epidemiological data. DECODE Study Group on behalf of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group. BMJ 317:371–375 DECODE Study Group on behalf of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group (1998) Will new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus change phenotype of patients with diabetes? Reanalysis of European epidemiological data. DECODE Study Group on behalf of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group. BMJ 317:371–375
23.
Zurück zum Zitat DECODE Study Group on behalf of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group (1999) Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. The DECODE study group. European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in Europe. Lancet 354:617–621CrossRef DECODE Study Group on behalf of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group (1999) Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. The DECODE study group. European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in Europe. Lancet 354:617–621CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Berglund G, Nilsson P, Eriksson KF et al (2000) Long-term outcome of the Malmo preventive project: mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. J Intern Med 247:19–29CrossRefPubMed Berglund G, Nilsson P, Eriksson KF et al (2000) Long-term outcome of the Malmo preventive project: mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. J Intern Med 247:19–29CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ (1998) Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15:539–553CrossRefPubMed Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ (1998) Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15:539–553CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327:557–560CrossRefPubMed Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327:557–560CrossRefPubMed
27.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajpathak SN, Gunter MJ, Wylie-Rosett J et al (2009) The role of insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 25:3–12CrossRefPubMed Rajpathak SN, Gunter MJ, Wylie-Rosett J et al (2009) The role of insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 25:3–12CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollak M (2008) Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signalling in neoplasia. Nat Rev Cancer 8:915–928CrossRefPubMed Pollak M (2008) Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signalling in neoplasia. Nat Rev Cancer 8:915–928CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Richardson LC, Pollack LA (2005) Therapy insight: Influence of type 2 diabetes on the development, treatment and outcomes of cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2:48–53CrossRefPubMed Richardson LC, Pollack LA (2005) Therapy insight: Influence of type 2 diabetes on the development, treatment and outcomes of cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2:48–53CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Bowker SL, Majumdar SR, Veugelers P, Johnson JA (2006) Increased cancer-related mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes who use sulfonylureas or insulin. Diab Care 29:254–258CrossRef Bowker SL, Majumdar SR, Veugelers P, Johnson JA (2006) Increased cancer-related mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes who use sulfonylureas or insulin. Diab Care 29:254–258CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat The International Expert Committee (2009) International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diab Care 32:1327–1334CrossRef The International Expert Committee (2009) International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diab Care 32:1327–1334CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka Y, Atsumi Y, Matsuoka K et al (2001) Usefulness of stable HbA1c for supportive marker to diagnose diabetes mellitus in Japanese subjects. Diab Res Clin Pract 53:41–45CrossRef Tanaka Y, Atsumi Y, Matsuoka K et al (2001) Usefulness of stable HbA1c for supportive marker to diagnose diabetes mellitus in Japanese subjects. Diab Res Clin Pract 53:41–45CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou XH, Ji LN, Luo YY, Zhang XY, Han XY, Qiao Q (2009) Performance of HbA(1c) for detecting newly diagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in Chinese communities living in Beijing. Diabet Med 26:1262–1268CrossRefPubMed Zhou XH, Ji LN, Luo YY, Zhang XY, Han XY, Qiao Q (2009) Performance of HbA(1c) for detecting newly diagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in Chinese communities living in Beijing. Diabet Med 26:1262–1268CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Schroll M, Hagerup L (1979) Relationship of fasting blood glucose to prevalence of ECG abnormalities and 10 yr risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in men born in 1914: from the Glostrup population studies. J Chron Dis 32:699–707CrossRefPubMed Schroll M, Hagerup L (1979) Relationship of fasting blood glucose to prevalence of ECG abnormalities and 10 yr risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in men born in 1914: from the Glostrup population studies. J Chron Dis 32:699–707CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Stengard JH, Tuomilehto J, Pekkanen J et al (1992) Diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and mortality among elderly men: the Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Diabetologia 35:760–765PubMed Stengard JH, Tuomilehto J, Pekkanen J et al (1992) Diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and mortality among elderly men: the Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Diabetologia 35:760–765PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Vartiainen E, Jousilahti P, Alfthan G, Sundvall J, Pietinen P, Puska P (2000) Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland, 1972–1997. Int J Epidemiol 29:49–56CrossRefPubMed Vartiainen E, Jousilahti P, Alfthan G, Sundvall J, Pietinen P, Puska P (2000) Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland, 1972–1997. Int J Epidemiol 29:49–56CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Borodulin K, Laatikainen T, Lahti-Koski M et al (2005) Associations between estimated aerobic fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with different levels of abdominal obesity. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 12:126–131CrossRefPubMed Borodulin K, Laatikainen T, Lahti-Koski M et al (2005) Associations between estimated aerobic fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with different levels of abdominal obesity. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 12:126–131CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Pyorala K, Savolainen E, Lehtovirta E, Punsar S, Siltanen P (1979) Glucose tolerance and coronary heart disease: Helsinki Policemen Study. J Chron Dis 32:729–745CrossRefPubMed Pyorala K, Savolainen E, Lehtovirta E, Punsar S, Siltanen P (1979) Glucose tolerance and coronary heart disease: Helsinki Policemen Study. J Chron Dis 32:729–745CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajala U, Qiao Q, Laakso M, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S (2000) Antihypertensive drugs as predictors of type 2 diabetes among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diab Res Clin Pract 50:231–239CrossRef Rajala U, Qiao Q, Laakso M, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S (2000) Antihypertensive drugs as predictors of type 2 diabetes among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diab Res Clin Pract 50:231–239CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, Lindberg O et al (1996) High plasma insulin is associated with lower LDL cholesterol in elderly individuals. Atherosclerosis 121:267–273CrossRefPubMed Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, Lindberg O et al (1996) High plasma insulin is associated with lower LDL cholesterol in elderly individuals. Atherosclerosis 121:267–273CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Garancini MP, Calori G, Ruotolo G et al (1995) Prevalence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in Italy: an OGTT-based population study. Diabetologia 38:306–313CrossRefPubMed Garancini MP, Calori G, Ruotolo G et al (1995) Prevalence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in Italy: an OGTT-based population study. Diabetologia 38:306–313CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Beks PJ, Mackaay AJ, de Neeling JN, de Vries H, Bouter LM, Heine RJ (1995) Peripheral arterial disease in relation to glycaemic level in an elderly Caucasian population: the Hoorn Study. Diabetologia 38:86–96CrossRefPubMed Beks PJ, Mackaay AJ, de Neeling JN, de Vries H, Bouter LM, Heine RJ (1995) Peripheral arterial disease in relation to glycaemic level in an elderly Caucasian population: the Hoorn Study. Diabetologia 38:86–96CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Pajak A, Williams OD, Broda G et al (1997) Changes over time in blood lipids and their correlates in Polish rural and urban populations: the Poland–United States Collaborative Study in cardiopulmonary disease epidemiology. Ann Epidemiol 7:115–124CrossRefPubMed Pajak A, Williams OD, Broda G et al (1997) Changes over time in blood lipids and their correlates in Polish rural and urban populations: the Poland–United States Collaborative Study in cardiopulmonary disease epidemiology. Ann Epidemiol 7:115–124CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Rautio A, Eliasson M, Stegmayr B (2008) Favorable trends in the incidence and outcome in stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects: findings from the Northern Sweden MONICA Stroke Registry in 1985 to 2003. Stroke 39:3137–3144CrossRefPubMed Rautio A, Eliasson M, Stegmayr B (2008) Favorable trends in the incidence and outcome in stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects: findings from the Northern Sweden MONICA Stroke Registry in 1985 to 2003. Stroke 39:3137–3144CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Skarfors ET, Selinus KI, Lithell HO (1991) Risk factors for developing non-insulin dependent diabetes: a 10 year follow up of men in Uppsala. BMJ 303:755–760CrossRefPubMed Skarfors ET, Selinus KI, Lithell HO (1991) Risk factors for developing non-insulin dependent diabetes: a 10 year follow up of men in Uppsala. BMJ 303:755–760CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Wareham NJ, Byrne CD, Williams R, Day NE, Hales CN (1999) Fasting proinsulin concentrations predict the development of type 2 diabetes. Diab Care 22:262–270CrossRef Wareham NJ, Byrne CD, Williams R, Day NE, Hales CN (1999) Fasting proinsulin concentrations predict the development of type 2 diabetes. Diab Care 22:262–270CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Gould MM, Mohamed-Ali V, Goubet SA, Yudkin JS, Haines AP (1993) Microalbuminuria: associations with height and sex in non-diabetic subjects. BMJ 306:240–242CrossRefPubMed Gould MM, Mohamed-Ali V, Goubet SA, Yudkin JS, Haines AP (1993) Microalbuminuria: associations with height and sex in non-diabetic subjects. BMJ 306:240–242CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Unwin N, Harland J, White M et al (1997) Body mass index, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio, and glucose intolerance in Chinese and Europid adults in Newcastle, UK. J Epidemiol Community Health 51:160–166CrossRefPubMed Unwin N, Harland J, White M et al (1997) Body mass index, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio, and glucose intolerance in Chinese and Europid adults in Newcastle, UK. J Epidemiol Community Health 51:160–166CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Diabetes, prediabetes and cancer mortality
verfasst von
X. H. Zhou
Q. Qiao
B. Zethelius
K. Pyörälä
S. Söderberg
A. Pajak
C. D. A. Stehouwer
R. J. Heine
P. Jousilahti
G. Ruotolo
P. M. Nilsson
G. Calori
J. Tuomilehto
for the DECODE Study Group
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Diabetologia / Ausgabe 9/2010
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-010-1796-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2010

Diabetologia 9/2010 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.