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24.01.2021 | Article

BMI and risk of gestational diabetes among women of South Asian and Chinese ethnicity: a population-based study

verfasst von: Stephanie H. Read, Laura C. Rosella, Howard Berger, Denice S. Feig, Karen Fleming, Joel G. Ray, Baiju R. Shah, Lorraine L. Lipscombe

Erschienen in: Diabetologia | Ausgabe 4/2021

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

The aim of this study was to examine how BMI influences the association between Asian ethnicity and risk of gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods

This population-based cohort study included pregnant women without pre-existing diabetes mellitus in Ontario, Canada between 2012 and 2014. Women of Chinese and South Asian ethnicity were identified using a validated surname algorithm. GDM was ascertained using hospitalisation codes. The relationship between ethnicity and GDM was modelled using modified Poisson regression, adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, previous GDM, long-term residency status, income quintile and smoking status. An interaction term between ethnicity and pre-pregnancy BMI was tested.

Results

Of 231,618 pregnant women, 9289 (4.0%) were of South Asian ethnicity and 12,240 (5.3%) were of Chinese ethnicity. Relative to women from the general population, in whom prevalence of GDM was 4.3%, the adjusted RR of GDM was higher among those of South Asian ethnicity (1.81 [95% CI 1.64, 1.99]) and Chinese ethnicity (1.66 [95% CI 1.53, 1.80]). The association between GDM and Asian ethnicity remained significant across BMI categories but differed according to BMI. The prevalence of GDM exceeded 5% at an estimated BMI of 21.5 kg/m² among South Asian women, 23.0 kg/m² among Chinese women and 29.5 kg/m² among the general population.

Conclusions/interpretation

The risk of GDM is significantly higher in South Asian and Chinese women, whose BMI is lower than that of women in the general population. Accordingly, targeted GDM prevention strategies may need to consider lower BMI cut-points for Asian populations.

Graphical abstract

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Titel: BMI and risk of gestational diabetes among women of South Asian and Chinese ethnicity: a population-based study
verfasst von: Stephanie H. Read
Laura C. Rosella
Howard Berger
Denice S. Feig
Karen Fleming
Joel G. Ray
Baiju R. Shah
Lorraine L. Lipscombe
Publikationsdatum: 24.01.2021
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Diabetologia / Ausgabe 4/2021
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05356-5

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BMI and risk of gestational diabetes among women of South Asian and Chinese ethnicity: a population-based study

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Aims/hypothesis

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Graphical abstract

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