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Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

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15.02.2017 | Original Paper

The impact of parental offending on offspring aggression in early childhood: a population-based record linkage study

verfasst von: Stacy Tzoumakis, Kimberlie Dean, Melissa J. Green, Catherine Zheng, Maina Kariuki, Felicity Harris, Vaughan J. Carr, Kristin R. Laurens

Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Ausgabe 4/2017

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Abstract

Purpose

To examine the impact of parental criminal offending, both paternal and maternal, on offspring aggression at age 5 years, while also considering key risk factors, including parental mental illness, child’s sex, and socioeconomic disadvantage.

Methods

The sample comprised 69,116 children, with linked parental information, from the New South Wales Child Development Study, a population-based multi-agency, multi-generational record linkage study that combines information from a teacher-reported cross-sectional survey of early childhood development at age 5 years (the 2009 Australian Early Development Census; AEDC) with data obtained via administrative records from multiple sources (e.g., health, crime, education, and welfare). Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the effects of maternal and paternal criminal court appearances (frequency and type of offending), and mental health service contacts, on offspring aggression measured in the AEDC.

Results

Having a parent with a history of offending was significantly associated with high levels of offspring aggression in early childhood. The strength of association was greatest when parents were involved in frequent (≥6 offences: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range = 1.55–1.73) and violent (aOR range = 1.49–1.63) offending. Both maternal and paternal offending remained significant predictors of offspring aggression after accounting for parental mental illness, and associations were similar in magnitude for maternal and paternal offending histories.

Conclusions

Parental history of severe criminal offending increased the risk of high levels of aggression in offspring during early childhood, highlighting the need for intervention with families during this key developmental period.

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In order to conduct the linkage, parents were identified using the children’s birth registration records.

Identified as having special needs by their teachers based on medical diagnosis if they required special assistance due to chronic medical, physical, or intellectually disabling conditions.

Parental mental illness included the following non-mutually exclusive categories: common (e.g., depression, anxiety; 7.7% of mothers; 2.8% of fathers), severe (e.g. bipolar, schizophrenia; 1.1% of mothers; 1.0% of fathers), substance use (2.6% of mothers; 2.8% of fathers), personality (0.7% of mothers; 0.5% of fathers), other adulthood onset (e.g., mental disorders due to brain damage, dementia; 5.0% of mothers; 2.8% of fathers), and other childhood onset disorders (e.g., conduct, attention deficit disorders; 0.2% of mothers; 0.2% of fathers).

To account for the potential influence of parental absence due to incarceration, analyses were conducted excluding the 1996 children with a parent who had been incarcerated (296 mothers and 1818 fathers). Results were unchanged.

Analyses were also conducted excluding children whose parents had a court appearance for non-criminal regulation offences only (e.g., speeding fines, debts; n = 2639) from the reference group. Results were unchanged.

The prevalence of other mental health problems known to be associated with offending (i.e., antisocial personality and childhood externalizing disorders) was too low to be examined separately.

Model diagnostics indicated the presence of underdispersion in the data. As a result, all analyses were also conducted using quasi-binomial generalized linear models (not presented here). The results did not differ from the logistic models, other than small increases in the standard errors.

Analyses with interaction effects between parental offending and mental illness were examined and were non-significant.

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Titel: The impact of parental offending on offspring aggression in early childhood: a population-based record linkage study
verfasst von: Stacy Tzoumakis
Kimberlie Dean
Melissa J. Green
Catherine Zheng
Maina Kariuki
Felicity Harris
Vaughan J. Carr
Kristin R. Laurens
Publikationsdatum: 15.02.2017
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Ausgabe 4/2017
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1347-3

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The impact of parental offending on offspring aggression in early childhood: a population-based record linkage study

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Purpose

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