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Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie 2/2009

01.02.2009 | Leitthema

Die operative Behandlung der adulten Skoliose

Osteoporose und Versagen des Anschlusssegments als besondere Herausforderung bei der operativen Versorgung

verfasst von: PD Dr. M. Quante, A. Richter, B. Thomsen, M. Köszegvary, H. Halm

Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie | Ausgabe 2/2009

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Zusammenfassung

Die adulte Skoliose ist als frontale strukturelle Seitausbiegung der Wirbelsäule von >10° bei Patienten nach Abschluss des Knochenwachstums definiert. Führende Symptome der Patienten sind der Rückenschmerz, oftmals wird dieser von einer Claudicatio spinalis als Folge einer zentralen, foraminalen oder rezessalen Stenose begleitet. Die pathophysiologisch maßgebliche asymmetrische Degeneration führt zu einer asymmetrischen Lastverteilung, was wiederum die weitere Degeneration und Deformität antreibt (Merkmale: frontale Dekompensation, segmentale Kyphose). Dabei entwickelt sich eine Progression der Skoliose (0,5–1,0°/Jahr) sowie der Kyphose.
Zur Diagnostik gehören Röntgenbilder inklusive Funktionsaufnahmen, MRT, Myelo-CT und invasiv-diagnostische Maßnahmen wie Diskographien, Facettenblockaden, Wurzelblockaden und epidurale Injektionen. Die Therapie (konservativ oder operativ) zielt auf die individuelle Symptomatologie des Patienten. Insbesondere ist die chirurgische Therapie anspruchsvoll und mitunter wegen des Alters und der Komorbiditäten der Patienten, der Ausdehnung der Fusionsstrecke, des Zustands des Anschlusssegments und des Iliosakralgelenks, der Osteoporose oder Osteopenie und eventueller Voroperationen problematisch. Im Falle einer Korrektur ist das Hauptziel die Wiederherstellung der sagittalen und frontalen Balance.
Diese Übersicht befasst sich mit den besonderen Indikationen für die Zementaugmentation bei Osteoporose und der Problematik der Anschlussdegeneration und deren chirurgischem Management.
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Metadaten
Titel
Die operative Behandlung der adulten Skoliose
Osteoporose und Versagen des Anschlusssegments als besondere Herausforderung bei der operativen Versorgung
verfasst von
PD Dr. M. Quante
A. Richter
B. Thomsen
M. Köszegvary
H. Halm
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Orthopädie / Ausgabe 2/2009
Print ISSN: 2731-7145
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-008-1391-5

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