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Pulse pressure variations to predict fluid responsiveness: influence of tidal volume

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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the influence of tidal volume on the capacity of pulse pressure variation (ΔPP) to predict fluid responsiveness.

Design

Prospective interventional study.

Setting

A 31-bed university hospital medico-surgical ICU.

Patients and participants

Sixty mechanically ventilated critically ill patients requiring fluid challenge, separated according to their tidal volume.

Intervention

Fluid challenge with either 1,000 ml crystalloids or 500 ml colloids.

Measurements and results

Complete hemodynamic measurements including ΔPP were obtained before and after fluid challenge. Tidal volume was lower than 7 ml/kg in 26 patients, between 7–8 ml/kg in 9 patients, and greater than 8 ml/kg in 27 patients. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of ΔPP at different tidal volume thresholds, and 8 ml/kg best identified different behaviors. Overall, the cardiac index increased from 2.66 (2.00–3.47) to 3.04 (2.44–3.96) l/min m2 ( P <0.001). It increased by more than 15% in 33 patients (fluid responders). Pulmonary artery occluded pressure was lower and ΔPP higher in responders than in non-responders, but fluid responsiveness was better predicted with ΔPP (ROC curve area 0.76±0.06) than with pulmonary artery occluded pressure (0.71±0.07) and right atrial (0.56±0.08) pressures. Despite similar response to fluid challenge in low (<8 ml/kg) and high tidal volume groups, the percent of correct classification of a 12% ΔPP was 51% in the low tidal volume group and 88% in the high tidal volume group.

Conclusions

ΔPP is a reliable predictor of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients only when tidal volume is at least 8 ml/kg.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital of the Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Daniel De Backer, Sarah Heenen, Michael Piagnerelli, Marc Koch & Jean-Louis Vincent

Authors
  1. Daniel De Backer
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  2. Sarah Heenen
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  3. Michael Piagnerelli
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  4. Marc Koch
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  5. Jean-Louis Vincent
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel De Backer.

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De Backer, D., Heenen, S., Piagnerelli, M. et al. Pulse pressure variations to predict fluid responsiveness: influence of tidal volume. Intensive Care Med 31, 517–523 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2586-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2586-4

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