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01.09.2011 | Original

Long-term use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract does not increase antibiotic resistance: a 5-year prospective cohort study

verfasst von: María E. Ochoa-Ardila, Ana García-Cañas, Karen Gómez-Mediavilla, Ana González-Torralba, Inmaculada Alía, Paloma García-Hierro, Nia Taylor, Hendrick K. F. van Saene, Miguel A. de la Cal

Erschienen in: Intensive Care Medicine | Ausgabe 9/2011

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Abstract

Purpose

Despite the evidence, the use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) remains controversial, largely because of concerns that it may promote the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term incidence of carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), its clinical impact on developing infections and to explore risk factors of acquiring resistance.

Methods

This study was conducted in one 18-bed medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU). All consecutive patients admitted to the ICU who were expected to require tracheal intubation for longer than 48 h were given a 4-day course of intravenous cefotaxime, and enteral polymyxin E, tobramycin, amphotericin B in an oropharyngeal paste and digestive solution. Oropharyngeal and rectal swabs were obtained on admission and once a week. Diagnostic samples were obtained on clinical indication.

Results

During 5 years 1,588 patients were included in the study. The incidence density of ARB was stable: 18.91 carriers per 1,000 patient-days. The incidence of resistant Enterobacteriaceae was stable; the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tobramycin, amikacin and ciprofloxacin was strongly reduced; there was an increase of P. aeruginosa resistant to ceftazidime and imipenem, associated with the increase in imipenem consumption; the incidence of other nonfermenter bacilli and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was close to zero. Ninety-seven patients developed 101 infections caused by ARB: 23 pneumonias, 20 bloodstream infections and 58 urinary tract infections. Abdominal surgery was the only risk factor associated with ARB acquisition [risk ratio 1.56 (1.10–2.19)].

Conclusions

Long-term use of SDD is not associated with an increase in acquisition of resistant flora.

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Titel: Long-term use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract does not increase antibiotic resistance: a 5-year prospective cohort study
verfasst von: María E. Ochoa-Ardila
Ana García-Cañas
Karen Gómez-Mediavilla
Ana González-Torralba
Inmaculada Alía
Paloma García-Hierro
Nia Taylor
Hendrick K. F. van Saene
Miguel A. de la Cal
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2011
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Intensive Care Medicine / Ausgabe 9/2011
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2307-0

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Long-term use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract does not increase antibiotic resistance: a 5-year prospective cohort study

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Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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