Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Pediatric Radiology 5/2017

01.05.2017 | Minisymposium: MR techniques in pediatric radiology

Gadolinium-based contrast agents in pediatric magnetic resonance imaging

verfasst von: Eric M. Gale, Peter Caravan, Anil G. Rao, Robert J. McDonald, Matthew Winfeld, Robert J. Fleck, Michael S. Gee

Erschienen in: Pediatric Radiology | Ausgabe 5/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Gadolinium-based contrast agents can increase the accuracy and expediency of an MRI examination. However the benefits of a contrast-enhanced scan must be carefully weighed against the well-documented risks associated with administration of exogenous contrast media. The purpose of this review is to discuss commercially available gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in the context of pediatric radiology. We discuss the chemistry, regulatory status, safety and clinical applications, with particular emphasis on imaging of the blood vessels, heart, hepatobiliary tree and central nervous system. We also discuss non-GBCA MRI contrast agents that are less frequently used or not commercially available.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhargava R, Hahn G, Hirsch W et al (2013) Contrast-enhanced magnetric resonance imaging in pediatric patients: review and recommendations for current practice. Magn Reson Insights 6:95–111PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bhargava R, Hahn G, Hirsch W et al (2013) Contrast-enhanced magnetric resonance imaging in pediatric patients: review and recommendations for current practice. Magn Reson Insights 6:95–111PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Young IR (2000) Methods in biomedical magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Wiley, Chichester Young IR (2000) Methods in biomedical magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Wiley, Chichester
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Edelman GM, Hesselink JR, Zlatkin MB et al (2006) Clinical magnetic resonance imaging — volume 3. Elsevier Health, St. Louis Edelman GM, Hesselink JR, Zlatkin MB et al (2006) Clinical magnetic resonance imaging — volume 3. Elsevier Health, St. Louis
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Carr DH, Bydder GM, Weinmann H-J et al (1984) Intravenous chelated gadolinium as a contrast agent in NMR imaging of cerebral tumors. Lancet 323:484–486CrossRef Carr DH, Bydder GM, Weinmann H-J et al (1984) Intravenous chelated gadolinium as a contrast agent in NMR imaging of cerebral tumors. Lancet 323:484–486CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Caravan P, Ellison JJ, McMurry TJ et al (1999) Gadolinium(III) chelates as MRI contrast agents: structure, dynamics and applications. Chem Rev 99:2293–2352PubMedCrossRef Caravan P, Ellison JJ, McMurry TJ et al (1999) Gadolinium(III) chelates as MRI contrast agents: structure, dynamics and applications. Chem Rev 99:2293–2352PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Caravan P, Farrar CT, Frullano L et al (2009) Influence of molecular parameters and increasing magnetic field strength on relaxivity of gadolinium- and manganese-based T1-contrast agents. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 4:89–100PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Caravan P, Farrar CT, Frullano L et al (2009) Influence of molecular parameters and increasing magnetic field strength on relaxivity of gadolinium- and manganese-based T1-contrast agents. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 4:89–100PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Caravan P (2006) Strategies for increasing the sensitivity of gadolinium based MRI contrast agents. Chem Soc Rev 35:512–523PubMedCrossRef Caravan P (2006) Strategies for increasing the sensitivity of gadolinium based MRI contrast agents. Chem Soc Rev 35:512–523PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Caravan P (2009) Protein-targeted gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents: design and mechanism of action. Acc Chem Res 42:851–862PubMedCrossRef Caravan P (2009) Protein-targeted gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents: design and mechanism of action. Acc Chem Res 42:851–862PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Caravan P, Cloutier NJ, Greenfield MT et al (2002) The interaction of MS-325 with human serum albumin and its effect on proton relaxation rates. J Am Chem Soc 124:3152–3162PubMedCrossRef Caravan P, Cloutier NJ, Greenfield MT et al (2002) The interaction of MS-325 with human serum albumin and its effect on proton relaxation rates. J Am Chem Soc 124:3152–3162PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Vander Elst L, Chapelle F, Laurent S et al (2001) Stereospecific binding of MRI contrast agents to human serum albumin: the case of Gd-(S)-EOB-DTPA (Eovist) and its ® isomer. J Biol Inorg Chem 6:196–200PubMedCrossRef Vander Elst L, Chapelle F, Laurent S et al (2001) Stereospecific binding of MRI contrast agents to human serum albumin: the case of Gd-(S)-EOB-DTPA (Eovist) and its ® isomer. J Biol Inorg Chem 6:196–200PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Shen Y, Goerner FL, Snyder C et al (2015) T1 Relaxivities of Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents in Human Whole Blood at 1.5, 3, and 7 T. Investig Radiol 50:330–338CrossRef Shen Y, Goerner FL, Snyder C et al (2015) T1 Relaxivities of Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents in Human Whole Blood at 1.5, 3, and 7 T. Investig Radiol 50:330–338CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Morcos SK (2008) Extracellular gadolinium contrast agents: Differences in stability. Eur J Radiol 66:175–179PubMedCrossRef Morcos SK (2008) Extracellular gadolinium contrast agents: Differences in stability. Eur J Radiol 66:175–179PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Henoumon C et al (2010) How to measure the transmetallation of a gadolinium complex. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 5:305–308PubMedCrossRef Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Henoumon C et al (2010) How to measure the transmetallation of a gadolinium complex. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 5:305–308PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Copoix F et al (2001) Stability of MRI paramagnetic contrast media: a proton relaxometric protocol for transmetallation assessment. Investig Radiol 36:115–122CrossRef Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Copoix F et al (2001) Stability of MRI paramagnetic contrast media: a proton relaxometric protocol for transmetallation assessment. Investig Radiol 36:115–122CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Aime S, Caravan P (2009) Biodistribution of gadolinium-based contrast agents, including gadolinium deposition. J Magn Res Imaging 30:1259–1267CrossRef Aime S, Caravan P (2009) Biodistribution of gadolinium-based contrast agents, including gadolinium deposition. J Magn Res Imaging 30:1259–1267CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jung G, Heindel W, Krahe T et al (1998) Influence of the hepatobiliary contrast agent mangafodipir trisodium (MN-DPDP) on the imaging properties of abdominal organs. Magn Reson Imaging 16:925–931PubMedCrossRef Jung G, Heindel W, Krahe T et al (1998) Influence of the hepatobiliary contrast agent mangafodipir trisodium (MN-DPDP) on the imaging properties of abdominal organs. Magn Reson Imaging 16:925–931PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB et al (2013) Metabolic imaging of patients with prostate cancer using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Sci Transl Med 5:198ra108PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB et al (2013) Metabolic imaging of patients with prostate cancer using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Sci Transl Med 5:198ra108PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Sieber MA, Steger-Hartmann T, Lengsfeld P et al (2009) Gadolinium-based contrast agents and NSF: evidence from animal experience. J Magn Res Imaging 30:1268–1276CrossRef Sieber MA, Steger-Hartmann T, Lengsfeld P et al (2009) Gadolinium-based contrast agents and NSF: evidence from animal experience. J Magn Res Imaging 30:1268–1276CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Jost G, Lenhard DC, Sieber MA et al (2016) Signal increase on unenhanced T1-weighted images in the rat brain after repeated, extended doses of gadolinium-based contrast agents comparison of linear and macrocyclic agents. Investig Radiol 51:83–89CrossRef Jost G, Lenhard DC, Sieber MA et al (2016) Signal increase on unenhanced T1-weighted images in the rat brain after repeated, extended doses of gadolinium-based contrast agents comparison of linear and macrocyclic agents. Investig Radiol 51:83–89CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ellis JH, Davenport MS, Dillman JR et al (2015) ACR manual on contrast media v10.1. American College of Radiology, Reston Ellis JH, Davenport MS, Dillman JR et al (2015) ACR manual on contrast media v10.1. American College of Radiology, Reston
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Grobner T (2006) Gadolinium — a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis? Nephrol Dial Transplant 21:1104–1108PubMedCrossRef Grobner T (2006) Gadolinium — a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis? Nephrol Dial Transplant 21:1104–1108PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K et al (2006) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: suspected causative role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:2359–2362PubMedCrossRef Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K et al (2006) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: suspected causative role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:2359–2362PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang L, Krefting I, Gorovets A et al (2012) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and class labeling of gadolinium-based contrast agents by the Food and Drug Administration. Radiology 265:248–253PubMedCrossRef Yang L, Krefting I, Gorovets A et al (2012) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and class labeling of gadolinium-based contrast agents by the Food and Drug Administration. Radiology 265:248–253PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Swan SK, Lambrecht LJ, Townsend R et al (1999) Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of gadobenate dimeglumine in subjects with renal impairment. Investig Radiol 34:443–448CrossRef Swan SK, Lambrecht LJ, Townsend R et al (1999) Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of gadobenate dimeglumine in subjects with renal impairment. Investig Radiol 34:443–448CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Marcos SK, Thomsen HS, Dawson P (2006) Is there a causal relation between the administration of gadolinium based contrast media and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)? Clin Radiol 61:905–906CrossRef Marcos SK, Thomsen HS, Dawson P (2006) Is there a causal relation between the administration of gadolinium based contrast media and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)? Clin Radiol 61:905–906CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Swan SK, Baker JF, Free R et al (1999) Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of gadoversetamide injection (OptiMARK) in subjects with central nervous system or liver pathology and varying degrees of renal function. J Magn Res Imaging 9:317–321CrossRef Swan SK, Baker JF, Free R et al (1999) Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of gadoversetamide injection (OptiMARK) in subjects with central nervous system or liver pathology and varying degrees of renal function. J Magn Res Imaging 9:317–321CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Krestin G (1991) Pharmacokinetics of Gd-DTPA in patients with chronic renal failure. Investig Radiol 26:975–979CrossRef Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Krestin G (1991) Pharmacokinetics of Gd-DTPA in patients with chronic renal failure. Investig Radiol 26:975–979CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Davenport MS, Dillman JR, Cohan RH et al (2013) Effect of abrupt substitution of gadobenate dimeglumine for gadopentetate dimeglumine on rate of allergic-like reactions. Radiology 266:773–782PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Davenport MS, Dillman JR, Cohan RH et al (2013) Effect of abrupt substitution of gadobenate dimeglumine for gadopentetate dimeglumine on rate of allergic-like reactions. Radiology 266:773–782PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Hahn G, Sorge I, Gruhn B et al (2009) Pharmacokinetics and safety of gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients. Investig Radiol 44:776–783CrossRef Hahn G, Sorge I, Gruhn B et al (2009) Pharmacokinetics and safety of gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients. Investig Radiol 44:776–783CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kunze CW, Mentel H-J, Krishnamurthy R et al (2016) Pharmacokinetics and safety of macrocyclic gadobutrol in children aged younger than 2 years including term newborns in comparison to older populations. Investig Radiol 51:50–57CrossRef Kunze CW, Mentel H-J, Krishnamurthy R et al (2016) Pharmacokinetics and safety of macrocyclic gadobutrol in children aged younger than 2 years including term newborns in comparison to older populations. Investig Radiol 51:50–57CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanda T, Kawaguchi H (2013) Hyperintense dentate nucleas and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images are associated with gadolinium-based contrast media. Neuroradiology 55:1268–1269 Kanda T, Kawaguchi H (2013) Hyperintense dentate nucleas and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images are associated with gadolinium-based contrast media. Neuroradiology 55:1268–1269
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanda T, Ishii K, Kawaguchi H et al (2014) High signal intensity in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images: relationship with increasing cumulative dose of a gadolinium-based contrast material. Radiology 270:834–841PubMedCrossRef Kanda T, Ishii K, Kawaguchi H et al (2014) High signal intensity in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images: relationship with increasing cumulative dose of a gadolinium-based contrast material. Radiology 270:834–841PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanda T, Fukusato T, Matsuda M et al (2015) Gadolinium-based contrast agent accumulates in the brain even in subjects without severe renal dysfunction: evaluation of autopsy brain specimens with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Radiology 276:228–232PubMedCrossRef Kanda T, Fukusato T, Matsuda M et al (2015) Gadolinium-based contrast agent accumulates in the brain even in subjects without severe renal dysfunction: evaluation of autopsy brain specimens with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Radiology 276:228–232PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanda T, Osawa M, Oba H et al (2015) High signal intensity in dentate nucleus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images: association with linear versus macrocyclic gadolinium chelate administration. Radiology 275:803–809PubMedCrossRef Kanda T, Osawa M, Oba H et al (2015) High signal intensity in dentate nucleus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images: association with linear versus macrocyclic gadolinium chelate administration. Radiology 275:803–809PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Radbruch A, Weberling LD, Kieslich PJ et al (2015) Gadolinium retention in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus is dependent on the class of contrast agent. Radiology 275:783–791PubMedCrossRef Radbruch A, Weberling LD, Kieslich PJ et al (2015) Gadolinium retention in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus is dependent on the class of contrast agent. Radiology 275:783–791PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller JH, Houchun HH, Pokorney A et al (2015) MRI brain signal intensity changes of a child during the course of 35 gadolinium contrast examinations. Pediatrics 136:e1637–e1640PubMedCrossRef Miller JH, Houchun HH, Pokorney A et al (2015) MRI brain signal intensity changes of a child during the course of 35 gadolinium contrast examinations. Pediatrics 136:e1637–e1640PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Murata N, Gonzalez-Cuyar LF, Murata K et al (2016) Macrocyclic and other non–group 1 gadolinium contrast agents deposit low levels of gadolinium in brain and bone tissue: preliminary results from 9 patients with normal renal function. Investig Radiol 51:447–453CrossRef Murata N, Gonzalez-Cuyar LF, Murata K et al (2016) Macrocyclic and other non–group 1 gadolinium contrast agents deposit low levels of gadolinium in brain and bone tissue: preliminary results from 9 patients with normal renal function. Investig Radiol 51:447–453CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Maximova N, Gregori M, Zennaro F et al (2016) Hepatic gadolinium deposition and reversibility after contrast agent-enhanced MR imaging of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Radiology 281:418–426PubMedCrossRef Maximova N, Gregori M, Zennaro F et al (2016) Hepatic gadolinium deposition and reversibility after contrast agent-enhanced MR imaging of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Radiology 281:418–426PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Chavhan GB, Babyn PS, John P et al (2015) Pediatric body MR angiography: principles, techniques, and current status in body imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 205:173–184PubMedCrossRef Chavhan GB, Babyn PS, John P et al (2015) Pediatric body MR angiography: principles, techniques, and current status in body imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 205:173–184PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Grist TM, Thornton FJ (2005) Magnetic resonance angiography in children: technique, indications, and imaging findings. Pediatr Radiol 35:26–39PubMedCrossRef Grist TM, Thornton FJ (2005) Magnetic resonance angiography in children: technique, indications, and imaging findings. Pediatr Radiol 35:26–39PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyazaki M, Akahane M (2012) Non-contrast enhanced MR angiography: established techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging 35:1–19PubMedCrossRef Miyazaki M, Akahane M (2012) Non-contrast enhanced MR angiography: established techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging 35:1–19PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Chung T (2005) Magnetic resonance angiography of the body in pediatric patients: experience with a contrast-enhanced time-resolved technique. Pediatr Radiol 35:3–10PubMedCrossRef Chung T (2005) Magnetic resonance angiography of the body in pediatric patients: experience with a contrast-enhanced time-resolved technique. Pediatr Radiol 35:3–10PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Rofsky NM, Lee VS, Laub G et al (1999) Abdominal MR imaging with a volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination. Radiology 212:876–884PubMedCrossRef Rofsky NM, Lee VS, Laub G et al (1999) Abdominal MR imaging with a volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination. Radiology 212:876–884PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Cornfield D, Mojibian H (2009) Clinical uses of time-resolved imaging in the body and peripheral vascular system. AJR Am J Roentgenol 193:W546–W557CrossRef Cornfield D, Mojibian H (2009) Clinical uses of time-resolved imaging in the body and peripheral vascular system. AJR Am J Roentgenol 193:W546–W557CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis M, Yanny S, Malcolm PN (2012) Advantages of blood pool contrast agents in MR angiography: a pictorial review. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 56:187–191PubMedCrossRef Lewis M, Yanny S, Malcolm PN (2012) Advantages of blood pool contrast agents in MR angiography: a pictorial review. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 56:187–191PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Krishnamurthy R, Bahouth SM, Muthapillai R (2016) 4D contrast-enhanced MR angiography with the keyhole technique in children: technique and clinical applications. Radiographics 36:14CrossRef Krishnamurthy R, Bahouth SM, Muthapillai R (2016) 4D contrast-enhanced MR angiography with the keyhole technique in children: technique and clinical applications. Radiographics 36:14CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Sundareswaran K, Frakes D, d Zelicourt D et al (2008) Comparison of power losses, hepatic flow splits, and vortex sizes in different fontan types using non invasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 118:S1057CrossRef Sundareswaran K, Frakes D, d Zelicourt D et al (2008) Comparison of power losses, hepatic flow splits, and vortex sizes in different fontan types using non invasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 118:S1057CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Makowski M, Wiethoff A, Uribe S et al (2011) Congenital heart disease: cardiovascular MR imaging by using an intravascular blood pool contrast agent. Radiology 260:680–688PubMedCrossRef Makowski M, Wiethoff A, Uribe S et al (2011) Congenital heart disease: cardiovascular MR imaging by using an intravascular blood pool contrast agent. Radiology 260:680–688PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsiao A, Lustig M, Alley M et al (2012) Rapid pediatric cardiac assessment of flow and ventricular volume with compressed sensing parallel imaging volumetric cine phase-contrast MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 198:W250–W259PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hsiao A, Lustig M, Alley M et al (2012) Rapid pediatric cardiac assessment of flow and ventricular volume with compressed sensing parallel imaging volumetric cine phase-contrast MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 198:W250–W259PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Gabbour M, Schnell S, Jarvis K et al (2015) 4-D flow magnetic resonance imaging: blood flow quantification compared to 2-D phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler echocardiography. Pediatr Radiol 45:804–813PubMedCrossRef Gabbour M, Schnell S, Jarvis K et al (2015) 4-D flow magnetic resonance imaging: blood flow quantification compared to 2-D phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler echocardiography. Pediatr Radiol 45:804–813PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Ordovas K, Higgins C (2011) Delayed contrast enhancement on MR images of myocardium: past, present, future. Radiology 261:358–374PubMedCrossRef Ordovas K, Higgins C (2011) Delayed contrast enhancement on MR images of myocardium: past, present, future. Radiology 261:358–374PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Simonetti O, Kim R, Fieno D et al (2001) An improved MR imaging technique for the visualization of myocardial infarction. Radiology 218:215–223PubMedCrossRef Simonetti O, Kim R, Fieno D et al (2001) An improved MR imaging technique for the visualization of myocardial infarction. Radiology 218:215–223PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Kellman P, Wilson J, Xue H et al (2012) Extracellular volume fraction mapping in the myocardium, part 1: evaluation of an automated method. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:63PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kellman P, Wilson J, Xue H et al (2012) Extracellular volume fraction mapping in the myocardium, part 1: evaluation of an automated method. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:63PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Tandon A, Villa CR, Hor KN et al (2015) Myocardial fibrosis burden predicts left ventricular ejection fraction and is associated with age and steroid treatment duration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Am Heart Assoc 4:e001338PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tandon A, Villa CR, Hor KN et al (2015) Myocardial fibrosis burden predicts left ventricular ejection fraction and is associated with age and steroid treatment duration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Am Heart Assoc 4:e001338PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat O'Hanlon R, Grasso A, Roughton M et al (2010) Prognostic significance of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 56:867–874PubMedCrossRef O'Hanlon R, Grasso A, Roughton M et al (2010) Prognostic significance of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 56:867–874PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Moon J, Messroghli D, Kellman P et al (2013) Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 15:92PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Moon J, Messroghli D, Kellman P et al (2013) Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 15:92PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerber B, Raman S, Nayak K et al (2008) Myocardial first-pass perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance: history, theory, and current state of the art. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 10:18PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Gerber B, Raman S, Nayak K et al (2008) Myocardial first-pass perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance: history, theory, and current state of the art. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 10:18PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Manso B, Castellote A, Dos L et al (2010) Myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging for detecting coronary function anomalies in asymptomatic paediatric patients with a previous arterial switch operation for the transposition of great arteries. Cardiol Young 20:410–417PubMedCrossRef Manso B, Castellote A, Dos L et al (2010) Myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging for detecting coronary function anomalies in asymptomatic paediatric patients with a previous arterial switch operation for the transposition of great arteries. Cardiol Young 20:410–417PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Prakash A, Powell A, Krishnamurthy R et al (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of myocardial perfusion and viability in congenital and acquired pediatric heart disease. Am J Cardiol 93:657–661PubMedCrossRef Prakash A, Powell A, Krishnamurthy R et al (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of myocardial perfusion and viability in congenital and acquired pediatric heart disease. Am J Cardiol 93:657–661PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedrich M, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J et al (2009) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: a JACC white paper. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:1475–1487PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Friedrich M, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J et al (2009) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: a JACC white paper. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:1475–1487PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Banka P, Robinson J, Uppu S et al (2015) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques and findings in children with myocarditis: a multicenter retrospective study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 17:96PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Banka P, Robinson J, Uppu S et al (2015) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques and findings in children with myocarditis: a multicenter retrospective study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 17:96PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferreira V, Piechnik S, Dall'Armellina E et al (2012) T1-mapping has a high diagnostic performance in patients presenting with acute myocarditis: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Heart 98:A52–A53CrossRef Ferreira V, Piechnik S, Dall'Armellina E et al (2012) T1-mapping has a high diagnostic performance in patients presenting with acute myocarditis: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Heart 98:A52–A53CrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferreira V, Piechnik S, Dall'Armellina E et al (2013) T(1) mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis using CMR: comparison to T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhanced imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 6:1048–1058PubMedCrossRef Ferreira V, Piechnik S, Dall'Armellina E et al (2013) T(1) mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis using CMR: comparison to T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhanced imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 6:1048–1058PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Seale MK, Catalano OA, Saini S et al (2009) Hepatobiliary-specific MR contrast agents: role in imaging the liver and biliary tree. Radiographics 29:1725–1748PubMedCrossRef Seale MK, Catalano OA, Saini S et al (2009) Hepatobiliary-specific MR contrast agents: role in imaging the liver and biliary tree. Radiographics 29:1725–1748PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Tran VT, Vasanawala S (2013) Pediatric hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging. Radiol Clin N Am 51:599–614PubMedCrossRef Tran VT, Vasanawala S (2013) Pediatric hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging. Radiol Clin N Am 51:599–614PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Guglielmo FF, Mitchell DG, Gupta S (2014) Gadolinium contrast agent selection and optimal use for body MR imaging. Radiol Clin N Am 52:637–656PubMedCrossRef Guglielmo FF, Mitchell DG, Gupta S (2014) Gadolinium contrast agent selection and optimal use for body MR imaging. Radiol Clin N Am 52:637–656PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Nandwana SB, Moreno CC, Osipow MT et al (2015) Gadobenate dimeglumine administration and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: is there a real risk in patients with impaired renal function? Radiology 276:741–747PubMedCrossRef Nandwana SB, Moreno CC, Osipow MT et al (2015) Gadobenate dimeglumine administration and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: is there a real risk in patients with impaired renal function? Radiology 276:741–747PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Lauenstein T, Ramirez-Garrido F, Kim YH et al (2015) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis risk after liver magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetate disodium in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment: results of a prospective, open-label, multicenter study. Investig Radiol 50:416–422CrossRef Lauenstein T, Ramirez-Garrido F, Kim YH et al (2015) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis risk after liver magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetate disodium in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment: results of a prospective, open-label, multicenter study. Investig Radiol 50:416–422CrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaneckova M, Herman M, Smith MP et al (2015) The benefits of high relaxivity for brain tumor imaging: results of a multicenter intraindividual crossover comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine with gadoterate meglumine (The BENEFIT study). AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36:1589–1598PubMedCrossRef Vaneckova M, Herman M, Smith MP et al (2015) The benefits of high relaxivity for brain tumor imaging: results of a multicenter intraindividual crossover comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine with gadoterate meglumine (The BENEFIT study). AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36:1589–1598PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Rigsby CK, Popescu AR, Nelson P et al (2015) Safety of blood pool contrast agent administration in children and young adults. AJR Am J Roentgenol 205:1114–1120PubMedCrossRef Rigsby CK, Popescu AR, Nelson P et al (2015) Safety of blood pool contrast agent administration in children and young adults. AJR Am J Roentgenol 205:1114–1120PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Rigsby CK, Hilpipre N, McNeal GR et al (2014) Analysis of an automated background correction method for cardiovascular MR phase contrast imaging in children and young adults. Pediatr Radiol 44:265–273PubMedCrossRef Rigsby CK, Hilpipre N, McNeal GR et al (2014) Analysis of an automated background correction method for cardiovascular MR phase contrast imaging in children and young adults. Pediatr Radiol 44:265–273PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Farmakis SG, Khanna G (2014) Extracardiac applications of MR blood pool contrast agent in children. Pediatr Radiol 44:1598–1609PubMedCrossRef Farmakis SG, Khanna G (2014) Extracardiac applications of MR blood pool contrast agent in children. Pediatr Radiol 44:1598–1609PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Cha S (2006) Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging in pediatric patients. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 16:137–147PubMedCrossRef Cha S (2006) Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging in pediatric patients. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 16:137–147PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y-XJ, Hussain SM, KRestin GP (2001) Superparamaganetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. Eur Radiol 11:2319–2331PubMedCrossRef Wang Y-XJ, Hussain SM, KRestin GP (2001) Superparamaganetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. Eur Radiol 11:2319–2331PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y-XJ (2011) Superparamagnetic iron oxide based MRI contrast agents: current status of clinical application. Quant Imaging Med Surg 11:35–40 Wang Y-XJ (2011) Superparamagnetic iron oxide based MRI contrast agents: current status of clinical application. Quant Imaging Med Surg 11:35–40
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Bellin M-F, Roy C, Kinkel K et al (1998) Lymph node metastases: safety and effectiveness of MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles —initial clinical experience. Radiology 207:799–808PubMedCrossRef Bellin M-F, Roy C, Kinkel K et al (1998) Lymph node metastases: safety and effectiveness of MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles —initial clinical experience. Radiology 207:799–808PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Li S-D, Huang L (2008) Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 5:496–504PubMedCrossRef Li S-D, Huang L (2008) Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 5:496–504PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Arami H, Khandhar A, Liggitt D et al (2015) In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Sci Rev 44:8576–8607CrossRef Arami H, Khandhar A, Liggitt D et al (2015) In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Sci Rev 44:8576–8607CrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Li W, Tutton S, Vu AT et al (2004) First-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in humans using ferumoxytol, a novel ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-based blood pool agent. J Magn Res Imaging 21:46–52CrossRef Li W, Tutton S, Vu AT et al (2004) First-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in humans using ferumoxytol, a novel ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-based blood pool agent. J Magn Res Imaging 21:46–52CrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Harisinghani MG, Berentsz J, Hahn PF et al (2003) Noninvasive detection of clinically occult lymph-node metastases in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 348:2491–2499PubMedCrossRef Harisinghani MG, Berentsz J, Hahn PF et al (2003) Noninvasive detection of clinically occult lymph-node metastases in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 348:2491–2499PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Heesakkers RAM, Jager GJ, Hövels AM et al (2009) Prostate cancer: detection of lymph node metastases outside the routine surgical area with ferumoxtran-10 - enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 251:408–414PubMedCrossRef Heesakkers RAM, Jager GJ, Hövels AM et al (2009) Prostate cancer: detection of lymph node metastases outside the routine surgical area with ferumoxtran-10 - enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 251:408–414PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Prince MR, Zhang HL, Chabra SG et al (2003) A pilot investigation of new superparamagnetic iron oxide (ferumoxytol) as a contrast agent for cardiovascular MRI. J Xray Sci Technol 11:231–240PubMed Prince MR, Zhang HL, Chabra SG et al (2003) A pilot investigation of new superparamagnetic iron oxide (ferumoxytol) as a contrast agent for cardiovascular MRI. J Xray Sci Technol 11:231–240PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruangwattanapaisarn N, Hsiao A, Vasanawala SS (2015) Ferumoxytol as an off-label contrast agent in body 3T MR angiography: a pilot study in children. Pediatr Radiol 45:831–839PubMedCrossRef Ruangwattanapaisarn N, Hsiao A, Vasanawala SS (2015) Ferumoxytol as an off-label contrast agent in body 3T MR angiography: a pilot study in children. Pediatr Radiol 45:831–839PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Luhar A, Khan S, Finn JP et al (2016) Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease: initial experience with ferumoxytol. Pediatr Radiol 46:1332–1340PubMedCrossRef Luhar A, Khan S, Finn JP et al (2016) Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease: initial experience with ferumoxytol. Pediatr Radiol 46:1332–1340PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson EM, Guillaume DJ, Dósa E et al (2012) Dual contrast perfusion MRI in a single imaging session for assessment of pediatric brain tumors. J Neurooncol 109:105–114PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Thompson EM, Guillaume DJ, Dósa E et al (2012) Dual contrast perfusion MRI in a single imaging session for assessment of pediatric brain tumors. J Neurooncol 109:105–114PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Schiller B, Bhat P, Sharma A (2014) Safety and effectiveness of ferumoxytol in hemodialysis patients at 3 dialysis chains in the United States over a 12-month period. Clin Ther 36:70–83PubMedCrossRef Schiller B, Bhat P, Sharma A (2014) Safety and effectiveness of ferumoxytol in hemodialysis patients at 3 dialysis chains in the United States over a 12-month period. Clin Ther 36:70–83PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Muehe AM, Fang D, von Eyben R et al (2016) Safety report of ferumoxytol for magnetic resonance imaging in children and young adults. Investig Radiol 51:221–227CrossRef Muehe AM, Fang D, von Eyben R et al (2016) Safety report of ferumoxytol for magnetic resonance imaging in children and young adults. Investig Radiol 51:221–227CrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Lauffer RB (1987) Paramagnetic metal complexes as water proton relaxation agents for NMR imaging: theory and design. Chem Rev 87:901–927CrossRef Lauffer RB (1987) Paramagnetic metal complexes as water proton relaxation agents for NMR imaging: theory and design. Chem Rev 87:901–927CrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Elizondo G, Fretz CJ, Stark DD et al (1991) Preclinical evaluation of MnDPDP: new paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agent for MR imaging. Radiology 178:73–78PubMedCrossRef Elizondo G, Fretz CJ, Stark DD et al (1991) Preclinical evaluation of MnDPDP: new paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agent for MR imaging. Radiology 178:73–78PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamm B, Vogl TJ, Branding G et al (1992) Focal liver lesions: MR imaging with MnDPDP initial clinical results in 40 patients. Radiology 182:167–174PubMedCrossRef Hamm B, Vogl TJ, Branding G et al (1992) Focal liver lesions: MR imaging with MnDPDP initial clinical results in 40 patients. Radiology 182:167–174PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Vogl TJ, Hamm B, Schnell B et al (1993) Mn-DPDP enhancement patterns of hepatocellular lesions on MR images. J Magn Res Imaging 3:51–58CrossRef Vogl TJ, Hamm B, Schnell B et al (1993) Mn-DPDP enhancement patterns of hepatocellular lesions on MR images. J Magn Res Imaging 3:51–58CrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Gallez B, Bacic G, Swartz HM (1996) Evidence for the dissociation of the hepatobiliary MRI contrast agent Mn-DPDP. Magn Reson Med 35:14–19PubMedCrossRef Gallez B, Bacic G, Swartz HM (1996) Evidence for the dissociation of the hepatobiliary MRI contrast agent Mn-DPDP. Magn Reson Med 35:14–19PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Toft KG, Hustvedt SO, Grat D et al (1997) Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of MnDPDP in man. Acta Radiol 38:677–689PubMedCrossRef Toft KG, Hustvedt SO, Grat D et al (1997) Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of MnDPDP in man. Acta Radiol 38:677–689PubMedCrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Aschner JL, Aschner M (2005) Nutritional aspects of manganese homeostasis. Mol Asp Med 26:353–362CrossRef Aschner JL, Aschner M (2005) Nutritional aspects of manganese homeostasis. Mol Asp Med 26:353–362CrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang Y, Schühle DT, Dai G et al (2012) 1H chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging probes with high sensitivity for multiplex imaging. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 7:276–279PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yang Y, Schühle DT, Dai G et al (2012) 1H chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging probes with high sensitivity for multiplex imaging. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 7:276–279PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Harvey P, Blamire AM, Wilson JI et al (2013) Moving the goal posts: enhancing the sensitivity of PARASHIFT proton magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Chem Sci 4:4251–4258CrossRef Harvey P, Blamire AM, Wilson JI et al (2013) Moving the goal posts: enhancing the sensitivity of PARASHIFT proton magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Chem Sci 4:4251–4258CrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Mizukami S, Takikawa R, Sugihara F et al (2008) Paramagnetic relaxation-based 19F MRI probe to detect protease activity. J Am Chem Soc 130:794–795PubMedCrossRef Mizukami S, Takikawa R, Sugihara F et al (2008) Paramagnetic relaxation-based 19F MRI probe to detect protease activity. J Am Chem Soc 130:794–795PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Tirotta I, Mastropietro A, Cordiglieri C et al (2014) A superfluorinated molecular probe for highly sensitive in vivo19F‐MRI. J Am Chem Soc 136:8524–8527PubMedCrossRef Tirotta I, Mastropietro A, Cordiglieri C et al (2014) A superfluorinated molecular probe for highly sensitive in vivo19F‐MRI. J Am Chem Soc 136:8524–8527PubMedCrossRef
107.
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu G, Gilad AA, Bulte JWM et al (2010) High-Throuput Screening of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MR Contrast Agents. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 5:162–170PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Liu G, Gilad AA, Bulte JWM et al (2010) High-Throuput Screening of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MR Contrast Agents. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 5:162–170PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Brindle KM, Bohndiek SE, Gallagher FA, Kettunen MI (2011) Tumor imaging using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 66(2):505–19 Brindle KM, Bohndiek SE, Gallagher FA, Kettunen MI (2011) Tumor imaging using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 66(2):505–19
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Svenningsen S, Kirby M, Starr D et al (2013) Hyperpolarized 3He and 129Xe MRI: differences in asthma before bronchodilation. J Magn Res Imaging 38:1521–1530CrossRef Svenningsen S, Kirby M, Starr D et al (2013) Hyperpolarized 3He and 129Xe MRI: differences in asthma before bronchodilation. J Magn Res Imaging 38:1521–1530CrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Qing K, Ruppert K, Jiang Y et al (2014) Regional mapping of gas uptake by blood and tissue in the human lung using hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 39:346–359PubMedCrossRef Qing K, Ruppert K, Jiang Y et al (2014) Regional mapping of gas uptake by blood and tissue in the human lung using hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 39:346–359PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Gadolinium-based contrast agents in pediatric magnetic resonance imaging
verfasst von
Eric M. Gale
Peter Caravan
Anil G. Rao
Robert J. McDonald
Matthew Winfeld
Robert J. Fleck
Michael S. Gee
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Pediatric Radiology / Ausgabe 5/2017
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3806-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2017

Pediatric Radiology 5/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Minisymposium: MR techniques in pediatric radiology

Pediatric brain MRI, Part 2: Advanced techniques

Minisymposium: MR techniques in pediatric radiology

Advanced imaging techniques in pediatric body MRI

Update Radiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.