Abstract
The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles has been investigated and presented in this paper. Nanoparticles were prepared via non-hydrolytic solution process using zinc acetate di-hydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O) and aniline (C6H5NH2) in 6 h refluxing at ∼65 °C. In the presence of four pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the antibacterial study of zinc oxide nanoparticles were observed. The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were studied by spectroscopic method taking different concentrations (5–45 μg/ml) of ZnO-NPs. Our investigation reveals that the lowest concentration of ZnO-NPs solution inhibiting the growth of microbial strain is found to be 5 μg/ml for K. pneumoniae, whereas for E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium, it was calculated to be 15 μg/ml. The diameter of each ZnO-NPs lies between “20 and 30 nm” as observed from FESEM and transmission electron microscopy images. The composition of synthesized material was analyzed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and it shows the band of ZnO at 441 cm−1. Additionally, on the basis of morphological and chemical observations, the chemical reaction mechanism of ZnO-NPs was also proposed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brayner R, Ferrari-Illiou R, Briviois N, Djediat S, Benedetti MF, Fievet F (2006) Toxicological impact studies based on Escherichia coli bacteria in ultrafine ZnO nanoparticles colloidal medium. Nano Lett 6:866–870
Chen Y, Bangall DM, Koh HJ, Park KT, Hiraga K, Zhu Z, Yao T (1998) Plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy of ZnO on c -plane sapphire: growth and characterization. J appl phys 84:3912–3918
Cho KH, Park JE, Osaka T, Park SG (2005) The study of antimicrobial activity and preservative effects of nanosilver ingredient. Electrochim Acta 51:956–960
Chung SW, Yu JY, Health JR (2000) Silicon nanowire devices. Appl Phys Lett 76:2068–2070
Curtis A, Wilkinson C (2001) Nanotechniques and approaches in biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 19:97–101
Dhage SR, Pasricha R, Ravi V (2005) Synthesis of fine particles of ZnO at 100 °C. Mater Lett 59:779–781
Doménech J, Prieto A (1986) Stability of zinc oxide particles in aqueous suspensions under UV illumination. J Phys Chem 90:123–1126
Egelhaaf HJ, Oelkrug D (1996) Luminescence and nonradiative deactivation of excited states involving oxygen defect centers in polycrystalline ZnO. J Cryst Growth 161:190–194
Fu G, Vary PS, Lin CT (2005) Anatase TiO2 nanocomposites for antimicrobial coatings. J Phys Chem 109:8889–8898
Huang WC, Tsai PJ, Chen YC (2007) Functional gold nanoparticles as photo-thermal agents for selective-killing of pathogenic bacteria. Nanomedicine 2(6):777–787
Jin BJ, Bae SH, Lee SY, Im S (2000) Effects of native defects on optical and electrical properties of ZnO prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Mater Sci Eng B 71:301–305
Jones N, Ray B, Ranjit KT, Manna AC (2008) Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle suspensions on a broad spectrum of microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 279:71–76
Li W, Mao DS, Zheng ZH, Wang X, Liu XH, Zhu SC, Li Q, Xu JF (2000) ZnO/Zn phosphor thin films prepared by IBED. Surf Coat Technol 128:346–350
Lieri GS, Groppelli S, Nelli P, Tintinelli A, Giunta G (2005) A novel method for the preparation of NH3 sensors based on ZnO-In thin films. Sens Actuators B 25:588–590
Liu B, Zeng HC (2003) Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorods in the diameter regime of 50 nm. J Am Chem Soc 125(15):4430–4431
Pardeshi SK, Patil AB (2009) Effect of morphology and crystallite size on solar photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide synthesized by solution free mechanochemical method. J Mol Catal, A Chem 308:32–40
Pissuwan D, Valenzuela SM, Miller CM, Cortie MB (2007) A golden bullet? Selective targeting of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites using antibody-functionalized gold nanorods. Nano Lett 7:3808–3812
Rodriguez JA, Jirsak T, Dvorak J, Sambasivan S, Fischer DJ (2000) Reaction of NO2 with Zn and ZnO: photoemission, XANES, and density functional studies on the formation of NO3. J Phys Chem B104(2):319–328
Roselli M, Finamore A, Garaguso I, Britti MS, Mengheri E (2003) Zinc oxide protects cultured enterocytes from the damage induced by Escherichia coli. J Nutr 133:4077–4082
Stoimenov PK, Klinger RL, Marchin GL, Klabunde KJ (2002) Metal oxide nanoparticles as bactericidal agents. Langmuir 18:6679–6686
Studenikin SA, Golego N, Cocivera M (1998) Fabrication of green and orange photoluminescent, undoped ZnO films using spray pyrolysis. J Appl Phys 84:2287–2294
Sun Y, Fuge GM, Ashfold MNR (2004) Growth of aligned ZnO nanorod arrays by catalyst-free pulsed laser deposition methods. Chem Phys Lett 396:21–26
Wahab R, Ansari SG, Kim YS, Seo HK, Kim GS, Khang G, Shin HS (2007a) Low temperature solution synthesis and characterization of ZnO nano-flowers. Mater Res Bull 42:1640–1648
Wahab R, Ansari SG, Kim YS, Seo HK, Shin HS (2007b) Room temperature synthesis of needle-shaped ZnO nanorods via sonochemical method. Appl Surf Sci 253:7622–7626
Wahab R, Ansari SG, Kim YS, Khang G, Shin HS (2008) Effect of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the floral decoration of zinc oxide synthesized by solution method. Appl Surf Sci 254:2037–2042
Wahab R, Ansari SG, Kim YS, Song MW, Shin HS (2009a) The role of pH variation on the growth of zinc oxide nanostructures. Appl Surf Sci 255:4891–4896
Wahab R, Kim YS, Hwang IH, Shin HS (2009b) A non-aqueous synthesis, characteri zation of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their interaction with DNA. Synth Met 159:2443–2452
Wahab R, Ansari SG, Seo HK, Kim YS, Suh EK, Shin HS (2009c) Low temperature synthesis and characterization of rosette like nanostructures of ZnO using solution process. Solid State Sci 11:439–443
Wahab R, Kim YS, Shin HS (2009d) Synthesis, characterization and effect of pH variation on zinc oxide nanostructures. Mater Trans 8:2092–2097
Wang ZL (2004) Nanostructures of zinc oxide. Materials Today 7:26–33
Yamamoto O (2001) Influence of particle size on the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide. Int J Inorg Mater 3:643–646
Yamamoto O, Komatsu M, Sawai J, Nakagawa ZE (2004) Effect of lattice constant of zinc oxide on antibacterial characteristics. J Mater Sci Mater Med 15:847–851
Zharov VP, Mercer KE, Galitovskaya EN, Smetltzery MS (2006) Photothermal nanotherapeutics and nanodiagnostics for selective killing of bacteria targeted with gold nanoparticles. Biophys J 90:619–627
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the support received from KOSEF (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation); research grant no. R01-2007-000-20810-0 is fully acknowledged. We would also like to thank Mr. Kang Jong-Gyun, Center for University-wide Research Facilities, Chonbuk National University for his cooperation in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations and the KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute), Jeonju branch, for letting us use their FESEM facility.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wahab, R., Mishra, A., Yun, SI. et al. Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles prepared via non-hydrolytic solution route. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87, 1917–1925 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2692-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2692-2