nach oben

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Erschienen in:

01.10.2008 | Guidelines

Guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer

verfasst von: M. Luster, S. E. Clarke, M. Dietlein, M. Lassmann, P. Lind, W. J. G. Oyen, J. Tennvall, E. Bombardieri

Erschienen in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Ausgabe 10/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Introduction

The purpose of the present guidelines on the radioiodine therapy (RAIT) of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) formulated by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) Therapy Committee is to provide advice to nuclear medicine clinicians and other members of the DTC-treating community on how to ablate thyroid remnant or treat inoperable advanced DTC or both employing large 131-iodine (¹³¹I) activities.

Discussion

For this purpose, recommendations have been formulated based on recent literature and expert opinion regarding the rationale, indications and contraindications for these procedures, as well as the radioiodine activities and the administration and patient preparation techniques to be used. Recommendations also are provided on pre-RAIT history and examinations, patient counselling and precautions that should be associated with ¹³¹I iodine ablation and treatment. Furthermore, potential side effects of radioiodine therapy and alternate or additional treatments to this modality are reviewed. Appendices furnish information on dosimetry and post-therapy scintigraphy.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Hodgson NC, Button J, Solorzano CC. Thyroid cancer: is the incidence still increasing? Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(12):1093–7.PubMed

Bondeson L, Ljungberg O. Occult thyroid carcinoma at autopsy in Malmo, Sweden. Cancer 1981;47(2):319–23.PubMed

Dinneen SF, et al. Distant metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma: 100 cases observed at one institution during 5 decades. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80(7):2041–5.PubMed

Durante C, et al. Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(8):2892–9.PubMed

Casara D, et al. Different features of pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: natural history and multivariate statistical analysis of prognostic variables. J Nucl Med. 1993;34(10):1626–31.PubMed

Mazzaferri EL, Kloos RT. Clinical review 128: current approaches to primary therapy for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(4):1447–63.PubMed

Eustatia-Rutten CF, et al. Survival and death causes in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(1):313–9.PubMed

Schlumberger MJ. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(5):297–306.PubMed

Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM. Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Am J Med. 1994;97(5):418–28.PubMed

10.

Baudin E, Schlumberger M. New therapeutic approaches for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8(2):148–56.PubMed

11.

Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide. Cancer I.A.f.R.o. Globocan 2005.

12.

Pacini F, et al. European consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154(6):787–803.PubMed

13.

Cooper DS, et al. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2006;16(2):109–42.PubMed

14.

Rodrigues F, et al. [Treatment and follow up protocol in differentiated thyroid carcinomas of follicular origin]. Acta Med Port. 2005;18(1):2–16.PubMed

15.

Dietlein M, et al. Procedure guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer (version 3). Nuklearmedizin 2007;46(5):213–9.PubMed

16.

Franzius C, et al. Procedure guideline for radioiodine therapy and (131)iodine whole-body scintigraphy in paediatric patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Nuklearmedizin 2007;46(5):224–31.PubMed

17.

Trattamento e Follow-up del Carcinoma Tiroideo Differenziato della Tiroide. Linee Guida SIE-AIMN-AIFM. 2004;1–75.

18.

Links TP, et al. [Guideline ‘Differentiated thyroid carcinoma’, including diagnosis of thyroid nodules]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2007;151(32):1777–82.PubMed

19.

Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Cancer in Adults, ed. P.U.o.t.R.C.o. Physicians. 2002, London, UK: British Thyroid Association and Royal College of Physicians.

20.

Sawka AM, et al. Clinical review 170: a systematic review and metaanalysis of the effectiveness of radioactive iodine remnant ablation for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(8):3668–76.PubMed

21.

Pacini F, et al. Post-surgical use of radioiodine (131I) in patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer and the issue of remnant ablation: a consensus report. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;153(5):651–9.PubMed

22.

Pacini F, et al. Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants after preparation with recombinant human thyrotropin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results of an international, randomized, controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):926–32.PubMed

23.

Pilli T, et al. A comparison of 1850 (50 mCi) and 3700 MBq (100 mCi) 131-iodine administered doses for recombinant thyrotropin-stimulated postoperative thyroid remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(9):3542–6.PubMed

24.

Hay ID, et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma managed at the Mayo Clinic during six decades (1940–1999): temporal trends in initial therapy and long-term outcome in 2444 consecutively treated patients. World J Surg. 2002;26(8):879–85.PubMed

25.

Chow SM, et al. Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid-Prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis and multifocality. Cancer 2003;98(1):31–40.PubMed

26.

Pelizzo MR, et al. Natural history, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC): a mono-institutional 12-year experience. Nucl Med Commun. 2004;25(6):547–52.PubMed

27.

Robbins RJ, et al. Real-time prognosis for metastatic thyroid carcinoma based on 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography scanning. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(2):498–505.PubMed

28.

Chiu AC, Delpassand ES, Sherman SI. Prognosis and treatment of brain metastases in thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82(11):3637–42.PubMed

29.

Besic N, et al. The role of radioactive iodine in the treatment of Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Thyroid 2003;13(6):577–84.PubMed

30.

Berg G, et al. Radioiodine ablation and therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer under stimulation with recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone. J Endocrinol Investig. 2002;25(1):44–52.

31.

Sandeep TC, et al. Second primary cancers in thyroid cancer patients: a multinational record linkage study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(5):1819–25.PubMed

32.

Hackshaw A, et al. 131I activity for remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(1):28–38.PubMed

33.

Jarzab B, Handkiewicz-Junak D, Wloch J. Juvenile differentiated thyroid carcinoma and the role of radioiodine in its treatment: a qualitative review. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005;12(4):773–803.PubMed

34.

Reynolds J. Comparison of I-131 absorbed radiation doses in children and adults: a tool for estimating therapeutic I-131 doses in children. In: Robbins J, editor. Treatment of thyroid cancer in children. Washington, DC: US Department of Energy and US Department of Commerce, Technology, Administration, National Technical Information; 1993. p. 127–35.

35.

Leeper RD. The effect of 131 I therapy on survival of patients with metastatic papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1973;36(6):1143–52.PubMedCrossRef

36.

Beierwaltes WH, et al. Survival time and “cure” in papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma with distant metastases: statistics following University of Michigan therapy. J Nucl Med. 1982;23(7):561–8.PubMed

37.

Bernier MO, et al. Survival and therapeutic modalities in patients with bone metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(4):1568–73.PubMed

38.

Pacini F, et al. Outcome of 309 patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with radioiodine. World J Surg. 1994;18(4):600–4.PubMed

39.

Song H, et al. Lung dosimetry for radioiodine treatment planning in the case of diffuse lung metastases. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(12):1985–94.PubMed

40.

Sisson JC, Carey JE. Thyroid carcinoma with high levels of function: treatment with (131)I. J Nucl Med. 2001;42(6):975–83.PubMed

41.

Maxon HR 3rd, et al. Radioiodine-131 therapy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer—a quantitative radiation dosimetric approach: outcome and validation in 85 patients. J Nucl Med. 1992;33(6):1132–6.PubMed

42.

Benua RS, et al. The relation of radioiodine dosimetry to results and complications in the treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1962;87:171–82.PubMed

43.

Freudenberg L, Jentzen W, Goerges R, Petrich T, Marlowe RJ, Knust J, Bockisch A. ¹²⁴I-PET dosimetry in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. Therapeutic impact. Nuklearmedizin 2007;46:121–8.PubMed

44.

Lassmann M, Hänscheid H, Chiesa C, Hindorf C, Flux G, Luster M. EANM Dosimetry Committee series on standard operational procedures for pre-therapeutic dosimetry I: blood and bone marrow dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(7):1405–12. doi:10.1007/s00259-008-0761-x.PubMed

45.

Murcutt G, et al. Hemodialysis of chronic kidney failure patients requiring ablative radioiodine therapy. Kidney Int. 2008;73(11):1316–9.PubMed

46.

Alevizaki C, et al. Iodine 131 treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients with end stage renal failure: dosimetric, radiation safety, and practical considerations. Hormones (Athens) 2006;5(4):276–87.

47.

Duntas LH, Biondi B. Short-term hypothyroidism after levothyroxine-withdrawal in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical and quality of life consequences. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;156(1):13–9.PubMed

48.

Luster M, et al. Thyroid hormone withdrawal in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a one hundred thirty-patient pilot survey on consequences of hypothyroidism and a pharmacoeconomic comparison to recombinant thyrotropin administration. Thyroid 2005;15(10):1147–55.PubMed

49.

Dow KH, Ferrell BR, Anello C. Quality-of-life changes in patients with thyroid cancer after withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy. Thyroid 1997;7(4):613–9.PubMed

50.

Schroeder PR, et al. A comparison of short-term changes in health-related quality of life in thyroid carcinoma patients undergoing diagnostic evaluation with recombinant human thyrotropin compared with thyroid hormone withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):878–84.PubMed

51.

Botella-Carretero JI, et al. Quality of life and psychometric functionality in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2003;10(4):601–10.PubMed

52.

Botella-Carretero JI, et al. Chronic thyrotropin-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine and short-term overt hypothyroidism after thyroxine withdrawal are associated with undesirable cardiovascular effects in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2004;11(2):345–56.PubMed

53.

Botella-Carretero JI, et al. The effects of thyroid hormones on circulating markers of cell-mediated immune response, as studied in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma before and during thyroxine withdrawal. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;153(2):223–30.PubMed

54.

Botella-Carretero JI, et al. Effects of thyroid hormones on serum levels of adipokines as studied in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma during thyroxine withdrawal. Thyroid 2006;16(4):397–402.PubMed

55.

Billewicz WZ, et al. Statistical methods applied to the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Q J Med. 1969;38(150):255–66.PubMed

56.

Tagay S, et al. Health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression in thyroid cancer patients under short-term hypothyroidism and TSH-suppressive levothyroxine treatment. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;153(6):755–63.PubMed

57.

Ladenson PW, et al. Comparison of administration of recombinant human thyrotropin with withdrawal of thyroid hormone for radioactive iodine scanning in patients with thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(13):888–96.PubMed

58.

Haugen BR, et al. A comparison of recombinant human thyrotropin and thyroid hormone withdrawal for the detection of thyroid remnant or cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(11):3877–85.PubMed

59.

Borget I, et al. Sick leave for follow-up control in thyroid cancer patients: comparison between stimulation with Thyrogen and thyroid hormone withdrawal. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;156(5):531–8.PubMed

60.

Nijhuis TF, van Wepperen W, de Klerk JMH. Costs associated with the withdrawal of thyroid hormone suppression therapy during the follow-up treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Tijd Nucl Geneeskd. 1999;21:98–100.

61.

Leclere J, Nunez S, Dejaz C, Sohmer V, Schvartz C. Quantitative and qualitative consequences of l-T4 suppressive withdrawal. 3 September 2000: Satellite Symposium Presentation, EANM Annual Congress, Paris, France.

62.

Grigsby PW, et al. Preparation of patients with thyroid cancer for 131I scintigraphy or therapy by 1–3 weeks of thyroxine discontinuation. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(4):567–70.PubMed

63.

Kuijt WJ, Huang SA. Children with differentiated thyroid cancer achieve adequate hyperthyrotropinemia within 14 days of levothyroxine withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(11):6123–5.PubMed

64.

Luster M. Acta Oncologica Lecture. Present status of the use of recombinant human TSH in thyroid cancer management. Acta Oncol. 2006;45(8):1018–30.PubMed

65.

Tuttle RM, et al. Recombinant human TSH-assisted radioactive iodine remnant ablation achieves short-term clinical recurrence rates similar to those of traditional thyroid hormone withdrawal. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(5):764–70.PubMed

66.

Barbaro D, et al. Radioiodine treatment with 30 mCi after recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation in thyroid cancer: effectiveness for postsurgical remnants ablation and possible role of iodine content in l-thyroxine in the outcome of ablation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(9):4110–5.PubMed

67.

Barbaro D, et al. Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone is effective for radioiodine ablation of post-surgical thyroid remnants. Nucl Med Commun. 2006;27(8):627–32.PubMed

68.

Pacini F, et al. Ablation of thyroid residues with 30 mCi (131)I: a comparison in thyroid cancer patients prepared with recombinant human TSH or thyroid hormone withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(9):4063–8.PubMed

69.

Luster M, et al. rhTSH-aided radioiodine ablation and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a comprehensive review. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005;12(1):49–64.PubMed

70.

Robbins RJ, Driedger A, Magner J. Recombinant human thyrotropin-assisted radioiodine therapy for patients with metastatic thyroid cancer who could not elevate endogenous thyrotropin or be withdrawn from thyroxine. Thyroid 2006;16(11):1121–30.PubMed

71.

de Keizer B, et al. Tumour dosimetry and response in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer using recombinant human thyrotropin before radioiodine therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003;30(3):367–73.PubMed

72.

Taieb D, Lussato D, Mundler O. Subcutaneous administration of recombinant human thyrotropin as an alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal in patients with anticoagulated thyroid cancer: preliminary results. Thyroid 2004;14(6):463–4.PubMed

73.

Hänscheid H, et al. Iodine biokinetics and dosimetry in radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer: procedures and results of a prospective international controlled study of ablation after rhTSH or hormone withdrawal. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(4):648–54.PubMed

74.

Vaiano A, et al. Comparison between remnant and red-marrow absorbed dose in thyroid cancer patients submitted to 131I ablative therapy after rh-TSH stimulation versus hypothyroidism induced by l-thyroxine withdrawal. Nucl Med Commun. 2007;28(3):215–23.PubMed

75.

Borget I, Schlumberger M, Allyn M, De Pouvoirville G, Remy H, Ricard M. Radioiodine ablation in thyroid cancer patients: comparison of length and cost of hospital stay between preparation by thyroid hormone withdrawal and Thyrogen. Eur J Endocrinol 2008; in press.

76.

Pluijmen MJ, et al. Effects of low-iodide diet on postsurgical radioiodide ablation therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003;58(4):428–35.

77.

Maxon HR, et al. Relation between effective radiation dose and outcome of radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 1983;309(16):937–41.PubMed

78.

Pentlow KS, et al. Quantitative imaging of iodine-124 with PET. J Nucl Med. 1996;37(9):1557–62.PubMed

79.

Sgouros G, et al. Patient-specific dosimetry for 131I thyroid cancer therapy using 124I PET and 3-dimensional-internal dosimetry (3D-ID) software. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(8):1366–72.PubMed

80.

Mandel SJ, Mandel L. Radioactive iodine and the salivary glands. Thyroid. 2003;13(3):265–71.PubMed

81.

Nakada K, et al. Does lemon candy decrease salivary gland damage after radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer? J Nucl Med. 2005;46(2):261–6.PubMed

82.

Berg G, et al. Consequences of inadvertent radioiodine treatment of Graves’ disease and thyroid cancer in undiagnosed pregnancy. Can we rely on routine pregnancy testing? Acta Oncol. 2008;47(1):145–9.PubMed

83.

Schlumberger M, et al. Exposure to radioactive iodine-131 for scintigraphy or therapy does not preclude pregnancy in thyroid cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 1996;37(4):606–12.PubMed

84.

Ceccarelli C, et al. 131I therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer leads to an earlier onset of menopause: results of a retrospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(8):3512–5.PubMed

85.

Krassas GE, Perros P. Thyroid disease and male reproductive function. J Endocrinol Investig. 2003;26(4):372–80.

86.

Kolbert KS, et al. Prediction of absorbed dose to normal organs in thyroid cancer patients treated with 131I by use of 124I PET and 3-dimensional internal dosimetry software. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(1):143–9.PubMed

87.

Mattavelli F, et al. Role of surgery in treatment of advanced differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2007;27(2):62–7.PubMed

88.

Shimaoka K, et al. A randomized trial of doxorubicin versus doxorubicin plus cisplatin in patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1985;56(9):2155–60.PubMed

89.

Williams SD, Birch R, Einhorn LH. Phase II evaluation of doxorubicin plus cisplatin in advanced thyroid cancer: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group Trial. Cancer Treat Rep. 1986;70(3):405–7.PubMed

90.

Santini F, et al. Cytotoxic effects of carboplatinum and epirubicin in the setting of an elevated serum thyrotropin for advanced poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(9):4160–5.PubMed

91.

Tubiana M, et al. External radiotherapy in thyroid cancers. Cancer 1985;55(9 Suppl):2062–71.PubMed

92.

Biermann M, et al. Guidelines on radioiodine therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma: impact on clinical practice. Nuklearmedizin 2005;44(6):229–34. 236–7.PubMed

93.

Rosenbluth BD, et al. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of nonanaplastic thyroid cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;63(5):1419–26.PubMed

94.

Marples B, et al. Low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity: a consequence of ineffective cell cycle arrest of radiation-damaged G2-phase cells. Radiat Res. 2004;161(3):247–55.PubMed

95.

Keum KC, et al. The role of postoperative external-beam radiotherapy in the management of patients with papillary thyroid cancer invading the trachea. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65(2):474–80.PubMed

96.

Meadows KM, et al. External beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Am J Otolaryngol. 2006;27(1):24–8.PubMed

97.

Mazzarotto R, et al. The role of external beam radiotherapy in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 2000;54(6):345–9.PubMed

98.

Brierley JD, Tsang RW. External-beam radiation therapy in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. Semin Surg Oncol. 1999;16(1):42–9.PubMed

99.

Biermann M. External beam radiotherapy. In: Biersack HJ, Gruenwald F, editors. Thyroid cancer. Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. p. 139–61.

100.

Oyen W, et al. Targeted therapy in nuclear medicine—current status and future prospects. Ann Oncol 2007. 1782–92.

101.

Haugen BR. Redifferentiation therapy in advanced thyroid cancer. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord. 2004;4(3):175–80.PubMed

102.

Simon D, et al. Clinical impact of retinoids in redifferentiation therapy of advanced thyroid cancer: final results of a pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002;29(6):775–82.PubMed

103.

Schmutzler C. Regulation of the sodium/iodide symporter by retinoids—a review. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109(1):41–4.PubMed

104.

Liu YY, et al. Bexarotene increases uptake of radioiodide in metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154(4):525–31.PubMed

105.

Zhang Y, et al. A clinical study of all-trans-retinoid-induced differentiation therapy of advanced thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun. 2007;28(4):251–5.PubMed

106.

Cramer M, Luster M, Fuehrer D, Schmutzler C, Beer M, Morganthaler NG, et al. Retinsäurebehandlung und Verlauf eines initial nicht iodaviden gering differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms bei einer Patientin mit TSH-Rezeptor-blockierenden Antikörpern. Nuklearmedizin 2008;47:N25–8.

107.

Tharp K, Israel O, Hausmann J, Bettman L, Martin WH, Daitzchman M, et al. Impact of 131I-SPECT/CT images obtained with an integrated system in the follow-up of patients with thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:1435–442.PubMed

108.

Hyer S, et al. Salivary gland toxicity after radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2007;19(1):83–6.

109.

Hyer S, et al. Testicular dose and fertility in men following I(131) therapy for thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002;56(6):755–8.

110.

Wichers M, et al. Testicular function after radioiodine therapy for thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27(5):503–7.PubMed

111.

Reiners C, Lassmann M, Hanscheid H. A perspective on post-Chernobyl radioablation in young females. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(10):1563–4.PubMed

112.

Rubino C, et al. Second primary malignancies in thyroid cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2003;89(9):1638–44.PubMed

113.

de Vathaire F, et al. Leukaemias and cancers following iodine-131 administration for thyroid cancer. Br J Cancer. 1997;75(5):734–9.PubMed

114.

Chen AY, et al. The development of breast carcinoma in women with thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 2001;92(2):225–31.PubMed

115.

Maxon HR 3rd, Smith HS. Radioiodine-131 in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic well differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1990;19(3):685–718.PubMed

116.

Siegel JA, et al. MIRD pamphlet no. 16: techniques for quantitative radiopharmaceutical biodistribution data acquisition and analysis for use in human radiation dose estimates. J Nucl Med. 1999;40(2):37S–61S.PubMed

117.

Snyder W, Ford MR, Warner GG, et al. MIRD pamphlet no. 11: S, absorbed dose per unit cumulated activity for selected radionuclides and organs. New York, NY: Society of Nuclear Medicine; 1975.

118.

Dietlein M, et al. [Procedure guideline for radioiodine test (version 3)]. Nuklearmedizin 2007;46(5):198–202.PubMed

119.

Stabin MG, Sparks RB, Crowe E. OLINDA/EXM: the second-generation personal computer software for internal dose assessment in nuclear medicine. J Nucl Med. 2005;46(6):1023–7.PubMed

120.

Menzel C, et al. “High-dose” radioiodine therapy in advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med. 1996;37(9):1496–503.PubMed

121.

Crawford DC, et al. Thyroid volume measurement in thyrotoxic patients: comparison between ultrasonography and iodine-124 positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24(12):1470–8.PubMed

122.

Eschmann SM, et al. Evaluation of dosimetry of radioiodine therapy in benign and malignant thyroid disorders by means of iodine-124 and PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002;29(6):760–7.PubMed

123.

Lassmann M, et al. Impact of ¹³¹I diagnostic activities on the biokinetics of thyroid remnants. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(4):619–25.PubMed

124.

Leeper RD. Thyroid cancer. Med Clin North Am. 1985;69(5):1079–96.PubMed

125.

Luster M, et al. Comparison of radioiodine biokinetics following the administration of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone and after thyroid hormone withdrawal in thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003;30(10):1371–7.PubMed

126.

Thomas SR, et al. Predictive estimate of blood dose from external counting data preceding radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Biol. 1993;20(2):157–62.PubMed

127.

Medvedec M. Thyroid stunning in vivo and in vitro. Nucl Med Commun. 2005;26(8):731–5.PubMed

128.

Tuttle RM, et al. Empiric radioactive iodine dosing regimens frequently exceed maximum tolerated activity levels in elderly patients with thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(10):1587–91.PubMed

129.

Samuel AM, Rajashekharrao B, Shah DH. Pulmonary metastases in children and adolescents with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med. 1998;39(9):1531–6.PubMed

Titel: Guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer
verfasst von: M. Luster
S. E. Clarke
M. Dietlein
M. Lassmann
P. Lind
W. J. G. Oyen
J. Tennvall
E. Bombardieri
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2008
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Ausgabe 10/2008
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Elektronische ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-008-0883-1

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Introduction

Discussion

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 10/2008

Therapy options for treatment of hepatic malignancy

How much CT is needed in nuclear medicine

Oesophageal cancer: can imaging improve its assessment?

Long-term evaluation of renal toxicity after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 90Y-DOTATOC and 177Lu-DOTATATE: the role of associated risk factors

Early myocardial engraftment of autologous CD34+ cells administered transcoronary via a physiological cell-delivery system

Non-invasive estimation of hepatic blood perfusion from H2 15O PET images using tissue-derived arterial and portal input functions