Materials and methods
1 | Exp prostate* neoplasm*/ |
2 | Prostat* cancer*.mp. |
3 | Prostat* carcinoma*.mp. |
4 | Or/1–3 |
5 | Exp diffusion magnetic resonance/ |
6 | DW magnetic resonance imaging.mp. |
7 | DWI.mp. |
8 | DW-MRI.mp. |
9 | Or/5–6 |
10 | 4 and 9 |
11 | 10 Limit to human studies |
12 | 11 Limit to english language |
Eligibility
Study identification
Data extraction
Quality assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Search results
Quality assessment
Study | Risk of bias | Applicability | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient selection | Index test | Reference test | Flow and timing | Patient selection | Index test | Reference test | |
Agha [43] | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ |
Bains [44] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
Baur [45] | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Brendle [46] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Costa [47] | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ? | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
Doo [48] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Haider [49] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Hoeks [17] | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Isabaert [21] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Iwazawa [50] | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Jung [18] | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Katahira [51] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Kim [19] | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Kitajima [25] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ? | ✓ | ✓ |
Kuhl [33] | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Lim [52] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Loggitsi [53] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Morgan [26] | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Ohgiya [54] | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Petrillo [22] | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Rosenkrantz [55] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Rosenkrantz [56] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Shimofusa [57] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Shinmoto [58] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Stanzione [59] | ? | ? | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Tanimoto [60] | ✓ | ? | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Thestrup [61] | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Ueno 2013 [12] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Ueno 2013 [23] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Ueno 2015 [62] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Vargas [63] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Yoshimitsu [64] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Yoshizako [65] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
Study characteristics
Study | Year | Country | No. of patients | Age (range) | PSA (range) | Design |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agha [43] | 2015 | Egypt | 20 | n/a | n/a | Pro |
Bains [44] | 2014 | Switzerland | 111 | 64a (43–82) | n/a (0.7–112.2) | Pro |
Baur [45] | 2016 | Germany | 44 | 66 (46–81) | 12.3 (5.2–70) | Pro |
Brendle [46] | 2016 | Germany | 15 | 66 (52–76) | 11.8 (3.3–65.4) | Pro |
Costa [47] | 2016 | USA | 49 | 63 (49–79) | 11.2 (2.5–48.5) | Pro |
Doo [48] | 2012 | South Korea | 51 | 63a (50–72) | 11.5 (4.2–43.8) | Retro |
Haider [49] | 2007 | Canada | 49 | 61a (46–75) | 5.4a (0.9–26) | Pro |
Hoeks [17] | 2013 | Netherlands | 28 | n/a (45–73) | n/a (1.9–44) | Retro |
Isabaert [21] | 2013 | Belgium | 75 | 66a (49–64) | 10.4 (1.5–70.9) | Pro |
Iwazawa [50] | 2011 | Japan | 178 | 69 (41–86) | n/a | Retro |
Jung [18] | 2013 | South Korea | 156 | 59a (42–75) | 4.9 (0.4–93.7) | Retro |
Katahira [51] | 2011 | Japan | 201 | 69 (43–80) | 13.2 (2.6–114) | Retro |
Kim [19] | 2014 | South Korea | 100 | 63a (51–76) | 6.5a (2.2–9.5) | Retro |
Kitajima [25] | 2010 | Japan | 53 | 69a (56–84) | 11.1a (4.2–112.1) | Retro |
Kuhl [33] | 2017 | Germany | 542 | 64.8 (42–80) | 8.5 (3.2–67.5) | Pro |
Lim [52] | 2009 | South Korea | 52 | 65 (48–76) | 10.5 (1.2–79.6) | Retro |
Loggitsi [53] | 2017 | Greece | 26 | 63.7 (48–73) | 8.1 (2–21.9) | Pro |
Morgan [26] | 2007 | UK | 54 | 68 (52–80) | 10 (n/a) | Pro |
Ohgiya [54] | 2012 | Japan | 73 | 70 (n/a) | 11.7a (n/a) | Retro |
Petrillo [22] | 2014 | Italy | 136 | 66 (n/a) | 6.8 (n/a) | Pro |
Rosenkrantz [55] | 2011 | USA | 42 | 62 (47–76) | 6.2 (1.3–32.5) | Retro |
Rosenkrantz [56] | 2015 | USA | 106 | 62 (56–81) | 6.9 (n/a) | Retro |
Shimofusa [57] | 2005 | Japan | 37 | 71 (54–82) | 21.8 (4.5–130) | Retro |
Shinmoto [58] | 2015 | Japan | 87 | n/a (51–75) | n/a (2.8–35.2) | Retro |
Stanzione [59] | 2016 | Italy | 82 | 65 (n/a) | 8.8 (n/a) | Pro |
Tanimoto [60] | 2007 | Japan | 83 | 67 (53–87) | 19.4 (n/a) | Pro |
Thestrup [61] | 2016 | Denmark | 204 | 64.1 (45–75) | 14 (2.2–120) | Retro |
Ueno [12] | 2013 | Japan | 73 | 67 (50–77) | 9.51 (2.9–49) | Retro |
Ueno [23] | 2013 | Japan | 80 | 67 (50–77) | 9.51 (2.9–49) | Retro |
Ueno [62] | 2015 | Japan | 31 | 65 (51–81) | 8.6 (4.7–16.5) | Retro |
Vargas [63] | 2011 | USA | 51 | 56a (46–74) | 5.3 (0.4–62.2) | Retro |
Yoshimitsu [64] | 2008 | Japan | 37 | 66 (56–75) | 11.9 (0.7–54.8) | Retro |
Yoshizako [65] | 2008 | Japan | 23 | 65a (52–76) | n/a | Retro |
Study | Field strength | Endorectal coil | FOV (cm) |
b-value | Reference | AS | Method |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agha [43] | 3T | N | 30 × 30 | 0, 1000 | Bx | U | Both |
Bains [44] | 3T | N | n/a | 0, 500, 1000 | RP | Y | Both |
Baur [45] | 3T | Both | 20 × 20 | 0, 100, 500, 1000 | MR | N | Both |
Brendle [46] | 3T | N | 27.6 × 28 | 50, 800 | RP | U | Both |
Costa [47] | 3T | Both | 16 × 16 | 0–2000 | Mix | U | Both |
Doo [48] | 3T | N | 28 × 28 | 0, 1000 | RP | U | ADC |
Haider [49] | 1.5T | Y | 14 × 14 | 0, 600 | RP | U | ADC |
Hoeks [17] | 3T | Y | 20.4 × 20.4 | 0, 50, 500, 800 | RP | U | Both |
Isabaert [21] | 1.5T | N | 30.9 × 38 | 0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 | RP | U | DWI |
Iwazawa [50] | 1.5T | N | 30 × 30 | 0, 1000 | Bx | U | DWI |
Jung [18] | 1.5T/3T | Y | 12 × 12/14 × 14 | 0, 1000 | RP | U | ADC |
Katahira [51] | 1.5T | N | 35 × 35 | 0, 1000, 2000 | RP | U | DWI |
Kim [19] | 3T | N | 34 × 16.8 | 0, 100, 1000 | RP | Y | Both |
Kitajima [25] | 3T | N | 35 × 25 | 0, 1000 | Bxa
| N | Both |
Kuhl [33] | 3T | N | 21 × 21 | 0, 800, 1000, 1400 | MR | U | Both |
Lim [52] | 1.5T | Y | 22 × 22 | 0, 1000 | RP | Y | ADC |
Loggitsi [53] | 1.5T | N | 10 × 10 | 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 | RP | U | Both |
Morgan [26] | 1.5T | Y | 20 × 20 | 0, 300, 500, 800 | Bxa
| Y | ADC |
Ohgiya [54] | 3T | N | 35 × 35 | 0, 500, 1000, 2000 | Bx | U | DWI |
Petrillo [22] | 1.5T | Y | 13.6 × 16 | 0, 50, 100, 150, 300, 600, 800 | Bx | N | Both |
Rosenkrantz [55] | 1.5T | N | 30 × 24.4 | 0, 500, 1000 | RP | U | DWI |
Rosenkrantz [56] | 3T | N | 20 × 20/28 × 21.8 | 50, 1000, 2000 | RP | U | Both |
Shimofusa [57] | 1.5T | N | 20 × 20 | 0, 1000 | Mix | U | DWI |
Shinmoto [58] | 3T | N | 24 × 24 | 0, 1000 | RP | Y | ADC |
Stanzione [59] | 3T | N | 20 × 20 | 0, 400, 2000 | Bx | U | Both |
Tanimoto [60] | 1.5T | N | 36 × 36 | 0, 1000 | Bx | U | Both |
Thestrup [61] | 3T | U | 19 × 19 | 0, 100, 800, 2000 | Mix | Y | Both |
Ueno [12] | 3T | N | 45 × 45 | 0, 1000, 2000 | RP | Y | DWI |
Ueno [23] | 3T | N | n/a | 0, 1000, 2000 | RP | Y | DWI |
Ueno [62] | 3T | N | 45 × 36 | 0, 2000 | RP | Y | DWI |
Vargas [63] | 3T | Y | 14 × 14 | 0, 700/0, 1000 | RP | U | ADC |
Yoshimitsu [64] | 1.5T | N | 24 × 24 | 0, 500, 1000 | RP | U | Both |
Yoshizako (65) | 1.5T | N | 42 × 21 | 0, 1000 | RP | Y | Both |
Study | TP | FP | FN | TN | Sens | Spec | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agha [43] | 10 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 0.67 | 0.80 | |
Bains [44] | 73 | 7 | 7 | 24 | 0.91 | 0.77 | |
Baur [45] | 14 | 11 | 0 | 18 | 0.97 | 0.62 | Body coil |
10 | 7 | 1 | 21 | 0.91 | 0.75 | Endorectal coil | |
Brendle [46] | 17 | 2 | 12 | 149 | 0.59 | 0.99 | |
Costa [47] | 20 | 19 | 06 | 73 | 0.44 | 0.79 | Body coil |
76 | 51 | 22 | 145 | 0.78 | 0.74 | Endorectal coil | |
Doo [48] | 113 | 21 | 58 | 216 | 0.66 | 0.91 | |
Haider [49] | 120 | 39 | 29 | 204 | 0.81 | 0.84 | |
Hoeks [17] | 65 | 39 | 47 | 101 | 0.58 | 0.72 | TZ |
Isabaert [21] | 444 | 79 | 546 | 731 | 0.45 | 0.90 | |
Iwazawa [50] | 238 | 223 | 80 | 883 | 0.75 | 0.80 | |
Jung [18] | 91 | 62 | 84 | 699 | 0.52 | 0.92 | TZ |
Katahira [51] | 971 | 559 | 616 | 2669 | 0.61 | 0.83 |
b
max = 1000 |
1162 | 332 | 425 | 2896 | 0.73 | 0.90 |
b
max = 2000 | |
Kim [19] | 17 | 7 | 22 | 72 | 0.44 | 0.91 | |
Kitajima [25] | 75 | 19 | 24 | 306 | 0.76 | 0.94 | |
Kuhl [33] | 138 | 49 | 9 | 346 | 0.94 | 0.88 | |
Lim [52] | 199 | 49 | 28 | 348 | 0.88 | 0.88 | |
Loggitsi [53] | 43 | 33 | 62 | 330 | 0.41 | 0.91 | |
Morgan [26] | 64 | 56 | 78 | 126 | 0.45 | 0.69 | |
Ohgiya [54] | 25 | 5 | 30 | 13 | 0.45 | 0.72 |
b
max = 500 |
43 | 4 | 12 | 14 | 0.78 | 0.78 |
b
max = 1000 | |
42 | 2 | 13 | 16 | 0.76 | 0.89 |
b
max = 2000 | |
Petrillo [22] | 18 | 48 | 7 | 63 | 0.72 | 0.57 | |
Rosenkrantz 2011 [55] | 61 | 29 | 59 | 103 | 0.51 | 0.78 | |
Rosenkrantz 2015 [56] | 34 | 13 | 28 | 561 | 0.55 | 0.98 |
b
max = 1000 |
46 | 10 | 16 | 564 | 0.74 | 0.98 |
b
max = 2000 | |
Shimofusa [57] | 96 | 11 | 15 | 56 | 0.86 | 0.84 | |
Shinmoto [58] | 93 | 12 | 58 | 185 | 0.62 | 0.94 | |
Stanzione [59] | 29 | 1 | 5 | 52 | 0.85 | 0.98 | |
Tanimoto [60] | 37 | 6 | 7 | 33 | 0.84 | 0.85 | |
Thestrup [61] | 65 | 116 | 3 | 20 | 0.96 | 0.15 | |
Ueno 2013 [12] | 258 | 87 | 83 | 156 | 0.76 | 0.64 |
b
max = 1000 |
276 | 79 | 65 | 164 | 0.81 | 0.68 |
b
max = 2000 | |
Ueno 2013 [23] | 270 | 119 | 57 | 194 | 0.83 | 0.62 |
b
max = 1000 |
275 | 105 | 52 | 208 | 0.84 | 0.66 |
b
max = 2000 | |
272 | 95 | 55 | 218 | 0.83 | 0.70 |
b
max = c2000 | |
Ueno 2015 [62] | 101 | 63 | 20 | 64 | 0.83 | 0.50 |
b
max = 2000 |
86 | 51 | 35 | 76 | 0.71 | 0.60 |
b
max = c2000 | |
Vargas [63] | 65 | 10 | 42 | 157 | 0.61 | 0.94 | |
Yoshimitsu [64] | 105 | 29 | 42 | 46 | 0.71 | 0.61 | |
Yoshizako (65) | 21 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 0.81 | 0.88 | TZ |
Meta-analysis
Sub-group analysis
Group (number of studies) | Sensitivity | Specificity | DOR |
I
2 (%) |
P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 0.69 (0.68–0.69) | 0.84 (0.83–0.85) | 12.268 (9.60–15.68) | 90.7 | |
b-value | 0.068 | ||||
< 1000 (n = 7) | 0.60 (0.56–0.64) | 0.80 (0.78–0.83) | 8.02 (3.18–20.26) | 91.4 | |
1000 (n = 23) | 0.64 (0.62–0.65) | 0.85 (0.84–0.85) | 12.56 (9.56–16.50) | 86.0 | |
> 1000 (n = 13) | 0.78(0.76–0.79) | 0.83 (0.82–0.84) | 14.32 (9.06–22.65) | 92.0 | |
Field strength | 0.418 | ||||
1.5 T (n = 14) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | 0.85 (0.84–0.86) | 10.68 (7.34–15.55) | 94.0 | |
3 T (n = 28) | 0.76 (0.75–0.78) | 0.81 (0.79–0.82) | 13.77 (9.54–19.88) | 87.6 | |
Coil | 0.597 | ||||
Body (n = 33) | 0.68 (0.67–0.69) | 0.85 (0.84–0.85) | 13.06 (10.05–16.97) | 90.4 | |
Endorectal (n = 9) | 0.68 (0.65–0.71) | 0.84 (0.84–0.85) | 10.40 (4.87–22.24) | 93.1 | |
Tumor zone | 0.239 | ||||
PZ (n = 6) | 0.71 (0.70–0.73) | 0.84 (0.82–0.85) | 12.64 (7.13–22.41) | 94.4 | |
TZ (n = 11) | 0.66 (0.64–0.68) | 0.88 (0.87–0.88) | 13.46 (8.08–22.44) | 92.6 | |
Assessment method | 0.070 | ||||
DWI (n = 12) | 0.68 (0.67–0.69) | 0.82 (0.81–0.83) | 8.91 (6.8–11.68) | 90.2 | |
ADC map (n = 7) | 0.66 (0.64–0.69) | 0.89 (0.87–0.90) | 15.44 (6.8–35.05) | 93.8 | |
Both (n = 20) | 0.72 (0.70–0.75) | 0.86 (0.85–0.87) | 18.58 (9.77–35.30) | 90.0 | |
Design | 0.918 | ||||
Prospective (n = 15) | 0.59 (0.56–0.61) | 0.81 (0.80–0.83) | 11.93 (6.61–21.54) | 89.2 | |
Retrospective (n = 28) | 0.71 (0.70–0.72) | 0.84 (0.84–0.85) | 12.56 (9.57–16.49) | 91.3 | |
Reference standard | 0.420 | ||||
RP (n = 26) | 0.67 (0.66–0.68) | 0.85 (0.85–0.86) | 12.09 (9.24–15.81) | 91.4 | |
Biopsy (n = 13) | 0.73 (0.70–0.76) | 0.81 (0.80–0.83) | 15.83 (7.27–34.44) | 91.3 |