Introduction
T. muris
Life cycle
Host predispositions to infection—genetic background and gender
Infective dose
Immune responses to T. muris infection
Strain | Description | Phenotype | Notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
AKR | Susceptible background | S | Develop Th1 response regardless of dose of infective eggs | [8] |
Nude | Athymic mice, lack of adaptive immune responses | S | Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells results in parasite expulsion | [19] |
SCID | Lack of V(D)J recombination, no T or B cells | S | Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells results in parasite expulsion | [23] |
μMT KO | Lack of B cells | S | Th1 response development, resistance restored by neutralization of Th1-promoting IL-12 | [48] |
MHCIICD11c
| MHCII expression restricted to CD11c+ cells | S | lack of Th2 development, resistance restored by neutralization of Th1-promoting IFN-γ | [33] |
IL-4 KO (BALB/c) | Lack of IL-4, gender dependent | S ♂ | In male mice resistance can be restored by IL-13 treatment. | |
Female mice expel slightly later than WT controls. Susceptibility can be induced by IL-13 neutralization. | ||||
R ♀ | WT phenotype can be restored in both by INF-γ neutralization | |||
IL-25 KO | Lack of IL-25 | S | lack of MMPtype2 cells, impaired Th2 response development, resistance restored by adoptive transfer of MMPtype2 cells | [29] |
IL-10 KO | Lack of IL-10 | S | death caused by sever immunopathology of the gut | [77] |
Muc5ac KO | Lack of Muc5ac mucin | S | strong Th2 response, however, lack of Th2-regulated Mu5ac mucin production responsible for parasite expulsion | [88] |
IL-4R KO | Lack of IL-4 and IL-13 receptor | S | no Th2 response | [90] |
p55/p75 KO (C57BL/6) | Lack of TNF-α receptor, gender dependent | S ♂ | In male mice resistance can be restored by IL-13 treatment. | [11] |
R ♀ | In female mice susceptibility can be induced by IL-13 neutralization. | |||
TSLPR KO | Lack of TSLP receptor | S | Lack of Th2 response development, resistance restored by neutralization of Th1-promoting IFN-γ | [71] |
C57BL/6 | Dose dependent | S/R | Develop Th1 response when infected with low dose of eggs | [14] |
BALB/k | Develop Th2 when infected with high dose of eggs. | [13] | ||
BALB/c | [89] | |||
WSX-1 KO | Lack of IL-27 receptor | R | Lack of Th1 development, IL-27 signalling responsible for triggering Th1 response | [60] |
CCL11/IL-5 double KO | Lack of CCL11 and IL-5, no eosinophils | R | Lack of eosinophils has no effect on parasite expulsion | [55] |
RELMβ KO | Lack of RELMβ | R | Decreased production of T cell-derived IFN-γ and TNF-α | [91] |