Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 4/2006

01.07.2006 | Schwerpunkt: Lebertumoren

Primäre Sarkome und Sarkommetastasen in der Leber

Morphologische und molekulare Befunde

verfasst von: PD Dr. G. Mechtersheimer, R. Penzel, W. J. Hofmann, P. Schirmacher

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 4/2006

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Fortschritte in der Bildgebung, im operativen Management mit kurativer Zielsetzung und in der Identifizierung neuartiger, gegen molekulare Zielstrukturen gerichteter Therapiesubstanzen, wie beispielsweise der Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor Imatinib bei gastrointestinalen Stromatumoren (GIST), haben die Behandlung von hepatischen Sarkommanifestationen in den letzten Jahren entscheidend beeinflusst. Voraussetzung für ein adäquates therapeutisches Procedere ist nicht nur die klare pathomorphologische Abgrenzung von Sarkomen gegenüber anderen Tumorentitäten, wie spindelzellig dedifferenzierten/pleomorphen Karzinomen, aggressiven Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen oder amelanotischen malignen Melanomen, sondern auch ihre genaue Subtypisierung. Neben der Makro- und Histomorphologie haben charakteristische immunphänotypische Konstellationen und bei einzelnen Sarkomentitäten auch molekulare Signaturen das diagnostische Werkzeug der Pathologie deutlich erweitert.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Anagnostopoulos G, Sakorafas GH, Grigoriadis K, Kostopoulos P (2005) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver: A case report and review of the literature. Mount Sinai J Med 72: 50–52 Anagnostopoulos G, Sakorafas GH, Grigoriadis K, Kostopoulos P (2005) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver: A case report and review of the literature. Mount Sinai J Med 72: 50–52
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Antonescu CR, Sommer G, Sarran L et al. (2003) Association of KIT exon 9 mutations with nongastric primary site and aggressive behaviour: KIT mutation analysis and clinical correlates of 120 gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Clin Cancer Res 9: 3329–3337 Antonescu CR, Sommer G, Sarran L et al. (2003) Association of KIT exon 9 mutations with nongastric primary site and aggressive behaviour: KIT mutation analysis and clinical correlates of 120 gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Clin Cancer Res 9: 3329–3337
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bläker H, Hofmann WJ, Theuer D, Otto HF (2001) Pathohistologische Befunde bei Lebermetastasen. Radiologe 41: 1–7CrossRefPubMed Bläker H, Hofmann WJ, Theuer D, Otto HF (2001) Pathohistologische Befunde bei Lebermetastasen. Radiologe 41: 1–7CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Blay J-Y, Bonvalot S, Casali P et al. (2005) Consensus meeting for the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Report of the GIST consensus conference of 20–21 March 2004, under the auspices of ESMO. Annals Oncol 16: 566–578CrossRef Blay J-Y, Bonvalot S, Casali P et al. (2005) Consensus meeting for the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Report of the GIST consensus conference of 20–21 March 2004, under the auspices of ESMO. Annals Oncol 16: 566–578CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Boldt C, Pabst U, Nitsche R, Bürrig KF (1999) Primäres Osteosarkom der Leber. Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht. Pathologe 20: 359–364CrossRefPubMed Boldt C, Pabst U, Nitsche R, Bürrig KF (1999) Primäres Osteosarkom der Leber. Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht. Pathologe 20: 359–364CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Budd GT (2002) Management of angiosarcoma. Curr Oncol Rep 4: 515–519PubMed Budd GT (2002) Management of angiosarcoma. Curr Oncol Rep 4: 515–519PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bürrig K-F, Knauer S (1994) Rhabdomyosarkom der Leber im Erwachsenenalter. Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht. Pathologe 15: 54–57CrossRefPubMed Bürrig K-F, Knauer S (1994) Rhabdomyosarkom der Leber im Erwachsenenalter. Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht. Pathologe 15: 54–57CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Carriaga MT, Henson DE (1995) Liver, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and pancreas. Cancer 75: 171–190PubMed Carriaga MT, Henson DE (1995) Liver, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and pancreas. Cancer 75: 171–190PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Cathomas G (2003) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) as a tumour virus. HERPES 10: 72–77PubMed Cathomas G (2003) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) as a tumour virus. HERPES 10: 72–77PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Clary BM, De Matteo RP, Lewis JJ et al. (2001) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyosarcomas of the abdomen and retroperitoneum: a clinical comparison. Ann Surg Oncol 8: 290–299PubMed Clary BM, De Matteo RP, Lewis JJ et al. (2001) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyosarcomas of the abdomen and retroperitoneum: a clinical comparison. Ann Surg Oncol 8: 290–299PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Conran RM, Stocker JT (1985) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver. A case report. Am J Gastroenterol 80: 813–815PubMed Conran RM, Stocker JT (1985) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver. A case report. Am J Gastroenterol 80: 813–815PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Corless CL, Fletcher JA, Heinrich MC (2004) Biology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Clin Oncol 22: 3813–3825CrossRefPubMed Corless CL, Fletcher JA, Heinrich MC (2004) Biology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Clin Oncol 22: 3813–3825CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Corless CL, Schroeder A, Griffith D et al. (2005) PDGFRA mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: frequency, spectrum and in vitro sensitivity to imatinib. J Clin Oncol 23: 5357–5364CrossRefPubMed Corless CL, Schroeder A, Griffith D et al. (2005) PDGFRA mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: frequency, spectrum and in vitro sensitivity to imatinib. J Clin Oncol 23: 5357–5364CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Cornali E, Zietz C, Benelli R et al. (1996) Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates angiogenesis and vascular permeability in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Pathol 149: 1851–1869PubMed Cornali E, Zietz C, Benelli R et al. (1996) Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates angiogenesis and vascular permeability in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Pathol 149: 1851–1869PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Debiec-Rychter M, Dumez H, Judson I et al. (2004) Use of c-KIT/PDGFRA mutational analysis to predict the clincical response to imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours entered on phase I and II studies of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Eur J Cancer 40: 689–695CrossRefPubMed Debiec-Rychter M, Dumez H, Judson I et al. (2004) Use of c-KIT/PDGFRA mutational analysis to predict the clincical response to imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours entered on phase I and II studies of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Eur J Cancer 40: 689–695CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Debiec-Rychter M, Cools J, Dumez H et al. (2005) Mechanisms of resistance to imatinib mesylate in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and activity of PKC412 inhibitor against imatinib-resistant mutants. Gastroenterology 128: 270–279CrossRefPubMed Debiec-Rychter M, Cools J, Dumez H et al. (2005) Mechanisms of resistance to imatinib mesylate in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and activity of PKC412 inhibitor against imatinib-resistant mutants. Gastroenterology 128: 270–279CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat DeMatteo RP, Lewis JJ, Leung D et al. (2000) Two hundred gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival. Ann Surg 231: 51–58CrossRefPubMed DeMatteo RP, Lewis JJ, Leung D et al. (2000) Two hundred gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival. Ann Surg 231: 51–58CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat DeMatteo RP, Shah A, Fong Y et al. (2001) Results of hepatic resection for sarcoma metastatic to liver. Ann Surg 234: 540–548CrossRefPubMed DeMatteo RP, Shah A, Fong Y et al. (2001) Results of hepatic resection for sarcoma metastatic to liver. Ann Surg 234: 540–548CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Demetri GD, Mehren M v, Blanke CD et al. (2002) Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N Engl J Med 347: 472–480CrossRefPubMed Demetri GD, Mehren M v, Blanke CD et al. (2002) Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N Engl J Med 347: 472–480CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Demetri GD, Desai J, Fletcher J et al. (2004) SU11248, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can overcome imatinib (IM) resistance caused by diverse genomic mechanisms in patients (pts) with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). J Clin Oncol 22: S14 Demetri GD, Desai J, Fletcher J et al. (2004) SU11248, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can overcome imatinib (IM) resistance caused by diverse genomic mechanisms in patients (pts) with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). J Clin Oncol 22: S14
21.
Zurück zum Zitat DuBois SG, Kalkika Y, Lukens JN et al. (1999) Metastatic sites in stage IV and stage IVS neuroblastoma correlate with age, tumor biology, and survival. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 21: 178–180CrossRefPubMed DuBois SG, Kalkika Y, Lukens JN et al. (1999) Metastatic sites in stage IV and stage IVS neuroblastoma correlate with age, tumor biology, and survival. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 21: 178–180CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Duensing A, Joseph NE, Medeiros F et al. (2004) Proetin kinase C θ (PKCθ) expression in constitutive activation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Cancer Res 64: 5127–5131CrossRefPubMed Duensing A, Joseph NE, Medeiros F et al. (2004) Proetin kinase C θ (PKCθ) expression in constitutive activation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Cancer Res 64: 5127–5131CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Rifai W, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Andersson LC et al. (2000) DNA sequence copy number changes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: tumor progression and prognostic significance. Cancer Res 60: 3899–3903PubMed El-Rifai W, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Andersson LC et al. (2000) DNA sequence copy number changes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: tumor progression and prognostic significance. Cancer Res 60: 3899–3903PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Falk H, Herbert J, Crowley S et al. (1981) Epidemiology of hepatic angiosarcoma in the United States: 1964–1974. Environ Health Perspect 41: 107–113PubMed Falk H, Herbert J, Crowley S et al. (1981) Epidemiology of hepatic angiosarcoma in the United States: 1964–1974. Environ Health Perspect 41: 107–113PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiel MI, Schwartz M, Min AD et al. (1996) Malignant schwannoma of the liver in a patient without neurofibromatosis. A case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 120: 1145–1147PubMed Fiel MI, Schwartz M, Min AD et al. (1996) Malignant schwannoma of the liver in a patient without neurofibromatosis. A case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 120: 1145–1147PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F (2002) World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology & genetics. Tumours of soft tissue and bone. IARC, Lyon Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F (2002) World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology & genetics. Tumours of soft tissue and bone. IARC, Lyon
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Grenacher L, Thorn M, Knaebel HP et al. (2005) Bedeutung der 3-D-Bildgebung und computerbasierten Nachverarbeitung für die Chirurgie der Leber und des Pankreas. Fortschr Röntgenstr 177: 1219–1226 Grenacher L, Thorn M, Knaebel HP et al. (2005) Bedeutung der 3-D-Bildgebung und computerbasierten Nachverarbeitung für die Chirurgie der Leber und des Pankreas. Fortschr Röntgenstr 177: 1219–1226
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Gunawan B, Schulten HJ, Heydebreck A v et al. (2004) Site-dependent prognostic value of chromosome 9q loss in primary gastrointestinal stromal tumours. J Pathol 202: 421–429CrossRefPubMed Gunawan B, Schulten HJ, Heydebreck A v et al. (2004) Site-dependent prognostic value of chromosome 9q loss in primary gastrointestinal stromal tumours. J Pathol 202: 421–429CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Hashimoto M, Ohsawa M, Ohnishi A et al. (1995) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor mRNA in angiosarcoma. Lab Invest 73: 859–863PubMed Hashimoto M, Ohsawa M, Ohnishi A et al. (1995) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor mRNA in angiosarcoma. Lab Invest 73: 859–863PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Heinrich MC, Corless CL, Demetri GD et al. (2003) Kinase mutations and imatinib response in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. J Clin Oncol 21: 4342–4349CrossRefPubMed Heinrich MC, Corless CL, Demetri GD et al. (2003) Kinase mutations and imatinib response in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. J Clin Oncol 21: 4342–4349CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirota S, Isozaki K, Moriyama Y et al. (1998) Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Science 279: 577–580CrossRefPubMed Hirota S, Isozaki K, Moriyama Y et al. (1998) Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Science 279: 577–580CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Holloway H, Walsh CB, Thomas R, Fielding J (1996) Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 23: 131–133CrossRefPubMed Holloway H, Walsh CB, Thomas R, Fielding J (1996) Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 23: 131–133CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Hollstein M, Marion MJ, Lehmann T et al. (1994) p53 mutations at A:T base pairs in angiosarcomas of vinyl chloride-exposed factory workers. Carcinogenesis 15: 1–3PubMed Hollstein M, Marion MJ, Lehmann T et al. (1994) p53 mutations at A:T base pairs in angiosarcomas of vinyl chloride-exposed factory workers. Carcinogenesis 15: 1–3PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Ioachim HL, Adsay V, Giancotti RF et al. (1995) Kaposi’s sarcoma of internal organs. Cancer 75: 1376–1385PubMed Ioachim HL, Adsay V, Giancotti RF et al. (1995) Kaposi’s sarcoma of internal organs. Cancer 75: 1376–1385PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishak KG (1997) Malignant mesenchymal tumors and some other non-hepatocellular tumors of the liver. In: Okuda K, Tabor E (eds) Liver cancer. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 291–314 Ishak KG (1997) Malignant mesenchymal tumors and some other non-hepatocellular tumors of the liver. In: Okuda K, Tabor E (eds) Liver cancer. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 291–314
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishak KG (2000) Liver. In: Henson DE, Albores-Saavedra J (eds) The pathology of incipient neoplasia. 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, New York Ishak KG (2000) Liver. In: Henson DE, Albores-Saavedra J (eds) The pathology of incipient neoplasia. 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, New York
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishak KG, Sesterhenn IA, Goodman ZD et al. (1984) Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: a clinicopathologic and follow-up study of 32 cases. Hum Pathol 15: 839–852PubMed Ishak KG, Sesterhenn IA, Goodman ZD et al. (1984) Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: a clinicopathologic and follow-up study of 32 cases. Hum Pathol 15: 839–852PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishak KG, Bijwaard KE, Makhlouf HR et al. (1998) Absence of human herpesvirus 8 DNA sequences in vascular tumors of the liver. Liver 18: 124–127PubMed Ishak KG, Bijwaard KE, Makhlouf HR et al. (1998) Absence of human herpesvirus 8 DNA sequences in vascular tumors of the liver. Liver 18: 124–127PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishak KG, Goodman ZD, Stocker JT (2001) Tumors of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. Atlas of tumor pathology, 3rd series, fascicle 31. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington/DC Ishak KG, Goodman ZD, Stocker JT (2001) Tumors of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. Atlas of tumor pathology, 3rd series, fascicle 31. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington/DC
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Jain RK, Duda DG, Clark JW, Loeffler JS (2006) Lessons from phase III clinical trials on anti-VEGF therapy for cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 3: 24–40CrossRefPubMed Jain RK, Duda DG, Clark JW, Loeffler JS (2006) Lessons from phase III clinical trials on anti-VEGF therapy for cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 3: 24–40CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Kelle S, Paetsch I, Neuss M et al. (2005) Primary fibrosarcoma of the liver infiltrating the right atrium of the heart. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 21: 655–658CrossRefPubMed Kelle S, Paetsch I, Neuss M et al. (2005) Primary fibrosarcoma of the liver infiltrating the right atrium of the heart. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 21: 655–658CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Koon HB, Bubley GJ, Pantanowitz L et al. (2005) Imatinib-induced regression of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 23: 982–989CrossRefPubMed Koon HB, Bubley GJ, Pantanowitz L et al. (2005) Imatinib-induced regression of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 23: 982–989CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Lack EE, Perez-Atayada AR, Schuster SR (1981) Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tract: report of five cases with ultrastructural observations and literature review. Am J Surg Pathol 5: 643–652PubMed Lack EE, Perez-Atayada AR, Schuster SR (1981) Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tract: report of five cases with ultrastructural observations and literature review. Am J Surg Pathol 5: 643–652PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Lasota J, Miettinen M (1999) Absence of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated virus (human herpesvirus-8) sequences in angiosarcoma. Virchows Arch 434: 51–56CrossRefPubMed Lasota J, Miettinen M (1999) Absence of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated virus (human herpesvirus-8) sequences in angiosarcoma. Virchows Arch 434: 51–56CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Lehnert T, Golling M (2001) Indikationen und Ergebnisse der Lebermetastasenresektion. Radiologe 41: 40–48CrossRefPubMed Lehnert T, Golling M (2001) Indikationen und Ergebnisse der Lebermetastasenresektion. Radiologe 41: 40–48CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Lepreux S, Reboissou S, Le Bail B et al. (2005) Mutation of TP53 gene is involved in carcinogenesis of hepatic undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the adult, in contrast with Wnt or telomerase pathways: an immunohistochemical study of three cases with genomic realtiuon in two cases. J Hepatol 42: 424–429CrossRefPubMed Lepreux S, Reboissou S, Le Bail B et al. (2005) Mutation of TP53 gene is involved in carcinogenesis of hepatic undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the adult, in contrast with Wnt or telomerase pathways: an immunohistochemical study of three cases with genomic realtiuon in two cases. J Hepatol 42: 424–429CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Leuschner I, Schmidt D, Harms D (1990) Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver in childhood: morphology, flow cytometry, and literature review. Hum Pathol 21: 68–76CrossRefPubMed Leuschner I, Schmidt D, Harms D (1990) Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver in childhood: morphology, flow cytometry, and literature review. Hum Pathol 21: 68–76CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Locker GY, Doroshow JH, Zwelling LA (1979) The clinical features of hepatic angiosarcoma: a report of four cases and a review of the English literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 58: 48–63 Locker GY, Doroshow JH, Zwelling LA (1979) The clinical features of hepatic angiosarcoma: a report of four cases and a review of the English literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 58: 48–63
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Maklouf HR, Ishak KG, Goodman ZD (1999) Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of liver: a clinicopathologic study of 137 cases. Cancer 85: 999–1008 Maklouf HR, Ishak KG, Goodman ZD (1999) Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of liver: a clinicopathologic study of 137 cases. Cancer 85: 999–1008
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Marino IR, Todo S, Tzakis AG et al. (1988) Treatment of hepatic hemangioendothelioma with liver transplantation. Cancer 62: 2079–2084PubMed Marino IR, Todo S, Tzakis AG et al. (1988) Treatment of hepatic hemangioendothelioma with liver transplantation. Cancer 62: 2079–2084PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Marion MJ, Froment O, Trepo C (1991) Activation of ki-ras gene by point mutation in human liver angiosarcoma-associated with vinyl chloride exposure. Mol Carcinog 4: 450–454PubMed Marion MJ, Froment O, Trepo C (1991) Activation of ki-ras gene by point mutation in human liver angiosarcoma-associated with vinyl chloride exposure. Mol Carcinog 4: 450–454PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin J, Poveda A, Llombart-Bosch A et al. (2005) Deletions affecting codons 557–558 in patients with completely resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A study by the Spanish Group for Sarcoma Research (GEI). J Clin Oncol 23: 6190–6198CrossRefPubMed Martin J, Poveda A, Llombart-Bosch A et al. (2005) Deletions affecting codons 557–558 in patients with completely resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A study by the Spanish Group for Sarcoma Research (GEI). J Clin Oncol 23: 6190–6198CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat McClain KL, Leach CT, Jenson HB et al. (1995) Association of Epstein-Barr virus with leiomyosarcomas in young people with AIDS. N Engl J Med 332: 12–18CrossRefPubMed McClain KL, Leach CT, Jenson HB et al. (1995) Association of Epstein-Barr virus with leiomyosarcomas in young people with AIDS. N Engl J Med 332: 12–18CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat McDonagh DP, Liu J, Gaffey MJ et al. (1996) Detection of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated hervesvirus-like DNA sequences in angiosarcoma. Am J Pathol 149: 1363–1368PubMed McDonagh DP, Liu J, Gaffey MJ et al. (1996) Detection of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated hervesvirus-like DNA sequences in angiosarcoma. Am J Pathol 149: 1363–1368PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Mechtersheimer G, Lehnert T, Penzel R et al. (2003) Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren. Eine morphologisch und molekular eigenständige Tumorentität mit neuer therapeutischer Perspektive. Pathologe 24: 182–191PubMed Mechtersheimer G, Lehnert T, Penzel R et al. (2003) Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren. Eine morphologisch und molekular eigenständige Tumorentität mit neuer therapeutischer Perspektive. Pathologe 24: 182–191PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Mechtersheimer G, Egerer G, Hensel M et al. (2004) Gastrointestinal stromal tumours and their response to treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Virchows Arch 444: 108–118CrossRefPubMed Mechtersheimer G, Egerer G, Hensel M et al. (2004) Gastrointestinal stromal tumours and their response to treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Virchows Arch 444: 108–118CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Medeiros F, Corless CL, Duensing A et al. (2004) KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Proof of concept and therapeutic implications. Am J Surg Pathol 28: 889–894PubMed Medeiros F, Corless CL, Duensing A et al. (2004) KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Proof of concept and therapeutic implications. Am J Surg Pathol 28: 889–894PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Miettinen M, Lindenmayer AE, Chaubal A (1994) Endothelial cell markers CD31, CD34, and BNH9 antibody to H- and Y-antigens – evaluation of their specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of vascular tumors and comparison with von Willebrand factor. Mod Pathol 7: 82–90PubMed Miettinen M, Lindenmayer AE, Chaubal A (1994) Endothelial cell markers CD31, CD34, and BNH9 antibody to H- and Y-antigens – evaluation of their specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of vascular tumors and comparison with von Willebrand factor. Mod Pathol 7: 82–90PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Miettinen M, Sarkomo-Rikala M, Lasota J (2000) KIT expression in angiosarcomas and fetal endothelial cells: lack of mutation of exon 11 and exon 17 of C-kit. Mod Pathol 13: 536–541CrossRefPubMed Miettinen M, Sarkomo-Rikala M, Lasota J (2000) KIT expression in angiosarcomas and fetal endothelial cells: lack of mutation of exon 11 and exon 17 of C-kit. Mod Pathol 13: 536–541CrossRefPubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Miettinen M, Fetsch JF, Sobin LH, Lasota J (2006) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis 1: a clinicopathologic and molecular genetic study of 45 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 30: 90–96CrossRefPubMed Miettinen M, Fetsch JF, Sobin LH, Lasota J (2006) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis 1: a clinicopathologic and molecular genetic study of 45 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 30: 90–96CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Moses AV, Jarvis MA, Raggo C et al. (2002) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced upregulation of the c-kit proto-oncogene, as identified by gene expression profiling, is essential for the transformation of endothelial cells. J Virol 76: 8383–8399CrossRefPubMed Moses AV, Jarvis MA, Raggo C et al. (2002) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced upregulation of the c-kit proto-oncogene, as identified by gene expression profiling, is essential for the transformation of endothelial cells. J Virol 76: 8383–8399CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson V, Fernandes NF, Woolf GM et al. (2001) Primary liposarcoma of the liver. A case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 125: 410–412PubMed Nelson V, Fernandes NF, Woolf GM et al. (2001) Primary liposarcoma of the liver. A case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 125: 410–412PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Niedt GW, Schinella RA (1985) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinicopathologic study of 56 autopsies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109: 727–734PubMed Niedt GW, Schinella RA (1985) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinicopathologic study of 56 autopsies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109: 727–734PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Nilsson B, Bümming P, Meis-Kindblom JM et al. (2005) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the incidence, prevalence, clinical course, and prognostication in the preimatinib mesylate era. Cancer 103: 821–829CrossRefPubMed Nilsson B, Bümming P, Meis-Kindblom JM et al. (2005) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the incidence, prevalence, clinical course, and prognostication in the preimatinib mesylate era. Cancer 103: 821–829CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohsawa M, Naka N, Tomita Y et al. (1995) Use of immunohistochemical procedures in diagnosing angiosarcoma. Cancer 75: 2867–2874PubMed Ohsawa M, Naka N, Tomita Y et al. (1995) Use of immunohistochemical procedures in diagnosing angiosarcoma. Cancer 75: 2867–2874PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Sullivan MJ, Swanson PE, Knoll J et al. (2001) Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma with unusual features arising within mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: report of a case and review of the literature. Pediatr Develop Pathol 4: 482–489CrossRef O’Sullivan MJ, Swanson PE, Knoll J et al. (2001) Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma with unusual features arising within mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: report of a case and review of the literature. Pediatr Develop Pathol 4: 482–489CrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Pantanowitz L, Schwartz EJ, Dezube BJ et al. (2005) C-Kit (CD117) expression in AIDS-related, classic, and African endemic Kaposi sarcoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 13: 162–166CrossRefPubMed Pantanowitz L, Schwartz EJ, Dezube BJ et al. (2005) C-Kit (CD117) expression in AIDS-related, classic, and African endemic Kaposi sarcoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 13: 162–166CrossRefPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Pauls K, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Thal D et al. (2005) PDGFRα- and c-kit-mutated gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are characterized by distinctive histological and immunohistochemical features. Histopathology 46: 166–175CrossRefPubMed Pauls K, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Thal D et al. (2005) PDGFRα- and c-kit-mutated gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are characterized by distinctive histological and immunohistochemical features. Histopathology 46: 166–175CrossRefPubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Penzel R, Aulmann S, Moock M et al. (2005) The location of KIT and PDGFRA gene mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumours is site and phenotype associated. J Clin Pathol 58: 634–639CrossRefPubMed Penzel R, Aulmann S, Moock M et al. (2005) The location of KIT and PDGFRA gene mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumours is site and phenotype associated. J Clin Pathol 58: 634–639CrossRefPubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Prakash S, Sarran L, Socci N et al. (2005) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in children and young adults: a clinicopathologic, molecular, and genomic study of 15 cases and review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 27: 179–187CrossRefPubMed Prakash S, Sarran L, Socci N et al. (2005) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in children and young adults: a clinicopathologic, molecular, and genomic study of 15 cases and review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 27: 179–187CrossRefPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Przygodzki RM, Finkelstein SD, Keohavong P et al. (1997) Sporadic and thorotrast-induced angiosarcomas of the liver manifest frequent and multiple point mutations in K-ras-2. Lab Invest 76: 153–159PubMed Przygodzki RM, Finkelstein SD, Keohavong P et al. (1997) Sporadic and thorotrast-induced angiosarcomas of the liver manifest frequent and multiple point mutations in K-ras-2. Lab Invest 76: 153–159PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Robin Y-M, Guillou L, Michels J-J, Coindre J-M (2004) Human herpesvirus 8 immunostaining. A sensitive and specific method for diagnosing Kaposi sarcoma in paraffin-embedded sections. Am J Clin Pathol 121: 330–334CrossRefPubMed Robin Y-M, Guillou L, Michels J-J, Coindre J-M (2004) Human herpesvirus 8 immunostaining. A sensitive and specific method for diagnosing Kaposi sarcoma in paraffin-embedded sections. Am J Clin Pathol 121: 330–334CrossRefPubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Rogatsch H, Bonnati H, Menet A et al. (2000) Epstein-Barr virus-associated multicentric leiomyosarcoma in an adult patient after heart transplantation. Am J Surg Pathol 24: 614–621CrossRefPubMed Rogatsch H, Bonnati H, Menet A et al. (2000) Epstein-Barr virus-associated multicentric leiomyosarcoma in an adult patient after heart transplantation. Am J Surg Pathol 24: 614–621CrossRefPubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Rossi G, Sartori G, Valli R et al. (2006) The value of c-kit mutational analysis in a cytokeratin positive gastrointestinal stromal tumour. J Clin Pathol 58: 991–993CrossRef Rossi G, Sartori G, Valli R et al. (2006) The value of c-kit mutational analysis in a cytokeratin positive gastrointestinal stromal tumour. J Clin Pathol 58: 991–993CrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Roth WK, Werner S, Schirren CG, Hofschneider PH (1989) Depletion of PDGF from serum inhibits growth of AIDS-related and sporadic Kaposi’s sarcoma cells in culture. Oncogene 4: 483–487PubMed Roth WK, Werner S, Schirren CG, Hofschneider PH (1989) Depletion of PDGF from serum inhibits growth of AIDS-related and sporadic Kaposi’s sarcoma cells in culture. Oncogene 4: 483–487PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Selby DM, Stocker JT, Ishak KG (1992) Angiosarcoma of the liver in childhood: a clinicopathologic and follow-up study in 10 cases. Pediatr Pathol 12: 485–498PubMed Selby DM, Stocker JT, Ishak KG (1992) Angiosarcoma of the liver in childhood: a clinicopathologic and follow-up study in 10 cases. Pediatr Pathol 12: 485–498PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Soini Y, Welsh JA, Ishak KG, Bennett WP (1995) p53 mutations in primary hepatic angiosarcomas not associated with vinyl chloride exposure. Carcinogenesis 16: 2879–2881PubMed Soini Y, Welsh JA, Ishak KG, Bennett WP (1995) p53 mutations in primary hepatic angiosarcomas not associated with vinyl chloride exposure. Carcinogenesis 16: 2879–2881PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Srivastava A, Nielsen PG, Dal Cin P, Rosenberg AE (2005) Monophasic synovial sarcoma of the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 129: 1047–1049PubMed Srivastava A, Nielsen PG, Dal Cin P, Rosenberg AE (2005) Monophasic synovial sarcoma of the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 129: 1047–1049PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Stocker JT, Ishak KG (1978) Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: report of 31 cases. Cancer 42: 336–348PubMed Stocker JT, Ishak KG (1978) Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: report of 31 cases. Cancer 42: 336–348PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Teas S, Ronan SG, Ghos L (1978) Solitary metastatic liposarcoma of the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 102: 605PubMed Teas S, Ronan SG, Ghos L (1978) Solitary metastatic liposarcoma of the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 102: 605PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Trivers GE, Cawley HL, DeBenedetti VMG et al. (1995) Detection of p53 antibodies in patients highly exposed to vinyl chloride (VC), before and after diagnosis of angiosarcoma of the liver. J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 1400–1407PubMed Trivers GE, Cawley HL, DeBenedetti VMG et al. (1995) Detection of p53 antibodies in patients highly exposed to vinyl chloride (VC), before and after diagnosis of angiosarcoma of the liver. J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 1400–1407PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Oosterhuis JW et al. (1999) Prognostic factors for the outcome of chemotherapy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: an analysis of 2,185 patients treated with anthracycline-containing first-line regimens –; a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group Study. J Clin Oncol 17: 150–157PubMed Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Oosterhuis JW et al. (1999) Prognostic factors for the outcome of chemotherapy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: an analysis of 2,185 patients treated with anthracycline-containing first-line regimens –; a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group Study. J Clin Oncol 17: 150–157PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Kaick G, Bahner ML, Liebermann D et al. (1999) Thorotrast-induzierte Tumoren der Leber. Ergebnisse der Deutschen Thorotraststudie. Radiologe 39: 643–651CrossRefPubMed Van Kaick G, Bahner ML, Liebermann D et al. (1999) Thorotrast-induzierte Tumoren der Leber. Ergebnisse der Deutschen Thorotraststudie. Radiologe 39: 643–651CrossRefPubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Verwej J, Casali PG, Zalcberg J et al. (2004) Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomized trial. Lancet 364: 1127–1134CrossRefPubMed Verwej J, Casali PG, Zalcberg J et al. (2004) Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomized trial. Lancet 364: 1127–1134CrossRefPubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Wardelmann E, Losen I, Hans V et al. (2003) Deletion of Trp-557 and Lys-558 in the juxtamembrane domain of the c-kit protooncogene indicates malignant histology and metastatic phenotype of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Int J Cancer 106: 887–895CrossRefPubMed Wardelmann E, Losen I, Hans V et al. (2003) Deletion of Trp-557 and Lys-558 in the juxtamembrane domain of the c-kit protooncogene indicates malignant histology and metastatic phenotype of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Int J Cancer 106: 887–895CrossRefPubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Wardelmann E, Hrychyk A, Merkelbach-Bruse S et al. (2004) Association of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha mutations with gastric primary site and epithelioid or mixed cell morphology in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Mol Diagn 6: 197–204PubMed Wardelmann E, Hrychyk A, Merkelbach-Bruse S et al. (2004) Association of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha mutations with gastric primary site and epithelioid or mixed cell morphology in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Mol Diagn 6: 197–204PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Wardelmann E, Thomas N, Merkelbach-Bruse S et al. (2005) Acquired resistance to imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours caused by multiple KIT mutations. Lancet Oncol 6: 249–251CrossRefPubMed Wardelmann E, Thomas N, Merkelbach-Bruse S et al. (2005) Acquired resistance to imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours caused by multiple KIT mutations. Lancet Oncol 6: 249–251CrossRefPubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Weihrauch M, Markwarth A, Lehnert G et al. (2002) Abnormalities of the ARF-p53 pathway in primary angiosarcomas of the liver. Hum Pathol 33: 884–892CrossRefPubMed Weihrauch M, Markwarth A, Lehnert G et al. (2002) Abnormalities of the ARF-p53 pathway in primary angiosarcomas of the liver. Hum Pathol 33: 884–892CrossRefPubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinberg AG, Finegold MJ (1993) Pimary hepatic tumors of childhood. Hum Pathol 14: 512–537 Weinberg AG, Finegold MJ (1993) Pimary hepatic tumors of childhood. Hum Pathol 14: 512–537
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Weiss SW, Goldblum JR (2001) Enzinger and Weiss’s soft tissue tumors, 4th edn. Mosby, St. Louis Weiss SW, Goldblum JR (2001) Enzinger and Weiss’s soft tissue tumors, 4th edn. Mosby, St. Louis
Metadaten
Titel
Primäre Sarkome und Sarkommetastasen in der Leber
Morphologische und molekulare Befunde
verfasst von
PD Dr. G. Mechtersheimer
R. Penzel
W. J. Hofmann
P. Schirmacher
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2006
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 4/2006
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-006-0841-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2006

Der Pathologe 4/2006 Zur Ausgabe

Schwerpunkt: Lebertumoren

Leberzelladenom

Schwerpunkt: Lebertumoren

Maligne Lymphome in der Leber

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.